scholarly journals Impact of Sacbrood Virus on Larval Microbiome of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Rujipas Yongsawas ◽  
Veeranan Chaimanee ◽  
Jeffery S. Pettis ◽  
Humberto Freire Boncristiani Junior ◽  
Dawn Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Mixture

In this study, we examined the impact of Sacbrood virus (SBV), the cause of larval honeybee (Apis mellifera) death, producing a liquefied a larva sac, on the gut bacterial communities on two larval honeybee species, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. SBV was added into a worker jelly food mixture and bee larvae were grafted into each of the treatment groups for 24 h before DNA/RNA extraction. Confirmation of SBV infection was achieved using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and visual symptomology. The 16S rDNA was sequenced by Illumina sequencing. The results showed the larvae were infected with SBV. The gut communities of infected A. cerana larvae exhibited a dramatic change compared with A. mellifera. In A. mellifera larvae, the Illumina sequencing revealed the proportion of Gilliamella, Snodgrassella and Fructobacillus was not significantly different, whereas in A. cerana, Gilliamella was significantly decreased (from 35.54% to 2.96%), however, with significant increase in Snodgrassella and Fructobacillus. The possibility of cross-infection should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Impact of Nosema Disease and American Foulbrood on Gut Bacterial Communities of Honeybees Apis mellifera

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Poonnawat Panjad ◽  
Rujipas Yongsawas ◽  
Chainarong Sinpoo ◽  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Phakamas Subta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are important pollinators of many economically important crops. However, one of the reasons for their decline is pathogenic infection. Nosema disease and American foulbrood (AFB) disease are the most common bee pathogens that propagate in the gut of honeybees. This study investigated the impact of gut-propagating pathogens, including Nosema ceranae and Paenibacillus larvae, on bacterial communities in the gut of A. mellifera using 454-pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing results showed that N. ceranae was implicated in the elimination of Serratia and the dramatic increase in Snodgrassella and Bartonella in adult bees’ guts, while bacterial communities of P. larvae-infected larvae were not affected by the infection. The results indicated that only N. ceranae had an impact on some core bacteria in the gut of A. mellifera through increasing core gut bacteria, therefore leading to the induction of dysbiosis in the bees’ gut.

scholarly journals Presence and Prevalence of Viruses in Local and Migratory Honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 7862-7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Welch ◽  
Francis Drummond ◽  
Sunil Tewari ◽  
Anne Averill ◽  
John P. Burand
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Black Queen Cell Virus ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.

Dynamics of Apis cerana Sacbrood Virus (AcSBV) Prevalence in Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Northern Taiwan and Demonstration of its Infection in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2055-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Yu Ko ◽  
Zong-Lin Chiang ◽  
Ruo-Jyun Liao ◽  
Zih-Ting Chang ◽  
Ju-Chun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Long Term Survey

AbstractSince 2016, Apis cerana sacbrood virus (AcSBV) has been recorded in Taiwan. It is epizootic in Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and causing serious loss of A. cerana. Herein, we performed a long-term survey of AcSBV prevalence in the populations of A. cerana in Northern Taiwan from January 2017 to July 2018. The surveillance of AcSBV prevalence in A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) populations was starting and further confirmed by sequencing since April 2017; thus, these data were also included in this survey. In our survey, the average prevalence rates of AcSBV were 72 and 53% in A. cerana and A. mellifera, respectively, in 2017, which decreased to 45 and 27% in 2018. For the spatial analysis of AcSBV in two honey bee populations, Hsinchu showed the highest prevalence, followed by New Taipei, Yilan, Taipei, and Keelung, suggesting that AcSBV might have come from the southern part of Taiwan. Interestingly, the AcSBV prevalence rates from A. cerana and A. mellifera cocultured apiaries gradually synchronized. The result of phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the annual AcSBV prevalence in A. cerana-only, A. mellifera-only, and A. cerana/A. mellifera cocultured sample sites indicate cross-infection between A. cerana and A. mellifera; however, AcSBV may lose the advantage of virulence in A. mellifera. The evidence suggested that the transmission of AcSBV might occur among these two honey bee species in the field. Therefore, A. mellifera may serve as a guard species to monitor AcSBV in A. cerana, but the cross-infection still needs to be surveyed.

scholarly journals T-RFLP analysis of bacterial communities in the midguts of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana honey bees in Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terd Disayathanoowat ◽  
John Peter W. Young ◽  
Thorunn Helgason ◽  
Panuwan Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Rflp Analysis

Pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial communities in the guts of honey bees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyung Ahn ◽  
In-Pyo Hong ◽  
Jeung-Im Bok ◽  
Byung-Yong Kim ◽  
Jaekyeong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Pyrosequencing Analysis

Homology differences between complete Sacbrood virus genomes from infected Apis mellifera and Apis cerana honeybees in Korea

Virus Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ◽  
Mi Sun Yoo ◽  
Young-Ha Kim ◽  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Mummadireddy Ramya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Virus Genomes

scholarly journals Lessons from applied large-scale pooling of 133,816 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (589) ◽  
pp. eabf2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Barak ◽  
Roni Ben-Ami ◽  
Tal Sido ◽  
Amir Perri ◽  
Aviad Shtoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact

Pooling multiple swab samples before RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis has been proposed as a strategy to reduce costs and increase throughput of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests. However, reports on practical large-scale group testing for SARS-CoV-2 have been scant. Key open questions concern reduced sensitivity due to sample dilution, the rate of false positives, the actual efficiency (number of tests saved by pooling), and the impact of infection rate in the population on assay performance. Here, we report an analysis of 133,816 samples collected between April and September 2020 and tested by Dorfman pooling for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We spared 76% of RNA extraction and RT-PCR tests, despite the frequently changing prevalence (0.5 to 6%). We observed pooling efficiency and sensitivity that exceeded theoretical predictions, which resulted from the nonrandom distribution of positive samples in pools. Overall, our findings support the use of pooling for efficient large-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing.

Effects of three common pesticides on survival, food consumption and midgut bacterial communities of adult workers Apis cerana and Apis mellifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shilong Ma ◽  
Zhenxiong Yan ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Qingyun Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Apis Cerana

scholarly journals Seed-Colonizing Bacterial Communities Associated with the Suppression of Pythium Seedling Disease in a Municipal Biosolids Compost

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Hsing Chen ◽  
Allison L. H. Jack ◽  
I. Cristina McGuire ◽  
Eric B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Municipal Biosolids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biosolids Compost

This study was designed to characterize seed-colonizing microbial communities that were previously shown to be involved in the suppression of seedling disease caused by Pythium ultimum in a municipal biosolids compost. Selective microbial inhibitors were employed to inactivate portions of the microbial community associated with seed germinated in a compost medium to evaluate their impact on disease suppression. After initial screenings for toxicity to both cucumber and P. ultimum, six selective inhibitors were eventually used to assess the impact of seed treatment on the reduction of bacterial and fungal populations and on disease suppression. Rifampicin was the most effective inhibitor for inactivating disease suppression. Bacterial communities that colonized cucumber seed sown in compost medium for 8 h and seed sown in compost medium for 8 h followed by a 3-h treatment of either rifampicin at 500 ppm or water were dislodged from seed surfaces and subjected to RNA extraction and reverse transcription to cDNA. Differences in the composition of seed-colonizing bacterial communities were assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA genes. T-RFLP profiles revealed a diversity of distinct bacterial taxa, a number of which dominate seed surfaces within 8 h of sowing. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) using terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) presence or absence showed that community profiles of nontreated and water-treated seed were quite similar whereas community profiles from rifampicin-treated seed were distinct. Differences in community profiles based on T-RF abundance (peak height and peak area) indicated that all treatments were unique (ANOSIM, all pairwise comparisons P < 0.05) Peaks heights and areas of relatively few T-RFs were reduced to zero following rifampicin treatment and 34 T-RFs explained 85% of the observed difference between treatments. Tentative taxon assignments for each of the T-RFs that contributed to the treatment differences revealed a preponderance of sequences with affinities to the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Limited sequencing of clones associated with water-treated and rifampicin-treated seed revealed the presence of similar taxa dominated by members of the γ-Proteobacteria. Many species within these taxa (such as Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., and Bacillus spp.) are known to be suppressive to Pythium diseases. Results of our study have confirmed that Pythium disease suppression in a municipal biosolids compost is mediated by compost-associated bacteria that colonize seed within hours after sowing. By focusing on actively growing microbes in the infection court during important stages of pathogen infection, we believe we can more efficiently determine the mechanisms of disease suppression and the microbes involved. Although specific to this pathosystem and compost, our results have a much broader scope of inference and illustrate the utility of such a targeted approach in identifying a relatively small subset of microbial taxa from complex communities likely to be involved in disease suppression.

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