scholarly journals Floral Resources for Trissolcus japonicus, a Parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hanna R. McIntosh ◽  
Victoria P. Skillman ◽  
Gracie Galindo ◽  
Jana C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Nectar Sources ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
The Impact

The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate for classical biocontrol of the invasive agricultural pest Halyomorpha halys. The efficacy of classical biocontrol depends on the parasitoid’s survival and conservation in the agroecosystem. Most parasitoid species rely on floral nectar as a food source, thus identifying nectar sources for T. japonicus is critical. We evaluated the impact of eight flowering plant species on T. japonicus survival in the lab by exposing unfed wasps to flowers inside vials. We also measured the wasps’ nutrient levels to confirm feeding and energy storage using anthrone and vanillin assays adapted for T. japonicus. Buckwheat, cilantro, and dill provided the best nectar sources for T. japonicus by improving median survival by 15, 3.5, and 17.5 days compared to water. These three nectar sources increased wasps’ sugar levels, and cilantro and dill also increased glycogen levels. Sweet alyssum, marigold, crimson clover, yellow mustard, and phacelia did not improve wasp survival or nutrient reserves. Further research is needed to determine if these flowers maintain their benefits in the field and whether they will increase the parasitism rate of H. halys.

scholarly journals Host Kairomones Influence Searching Behavior of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Boyle ◽  
Donald C Weber ◽  
Judith Hough-Goldstein ◽  
Kim A Hoelmer
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a highly polyphagous species native to Asia that has become a serious invasive agricultural and nuisance pest across North America and Europe. Classical biological control host range evaluations have revealed egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) to be the primary candidate biocontrol agent for field release against H. halys. However, these evaluations only provide us with the physiological host range of T. japonicus. Other Trissolcus species have demonstrated that contact kairomones from different host species elicit varied responses in the parasitoids’ host foraging behaviors. To assess T. japonicus response to host kairomones, mated naive females were exposed to leaf surfaces contaminated with adult kairomones from its preferred host, H. halys, or from a native nontarget host, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Red maple, apple, and soybean were used as plant substrate treatments. The wasp’s residence time on the leaf surface, linear walking velocity, and angular walking velocity were observed and measured using Noldus EthoVision XT tracking software. Within each leaf treatment, T. japonicus displayed stronger behavioral responses on leaves contaminated with contact kairomones from H. halys. The parasitoid resided on H. halys contaminated leaves for approximately twice as a long as it did on P. maculiventris contaminated leaves. Further, both species’ kairomones elicited significant decreases in parasitoid walking velocity on all tested substrate types. Overall, our study suggests that kairomone-based behavioral studies can be used to further evaluate the host specificity of T. japonicus and can be an invaluable supplement to classical biocontrol host range testing regimes.

Behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus to volatiles from adults of its stink bug host, Halyomorpha halys

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhi Zhong ◽  
Jin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Ren ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Hai-Xia Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

scholarly journals An effective cold storage method for stockpiling Halyomorpha halys eggs for field surveys and laboratory rearing of Trissolcus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren H. L. Wong ◽  
Matt A. Walz ◽  
Angela B. Oscienny ◽  
Jade L. Sherwood ◽  
Paul K. Abram
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus

AbstractAn effective stockpiling method for egg masses of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) would be useful for rearing and field studies of its egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The current method of stockpiling H. halys egg masses at sub-zero temperatures has lethal and sublethal fitness consequences for T. japonicus. We show that parasitoid emergence from egg masses refrigerated at 8°C for up to two months before parasitism is higher than from frozen egg masses and usually has minimal or no sublethal fitness effects (sex ratio, development time, activity, fecundity, longevity, and weight) on emerging T. japonicus. Only after two months of host egg refrigeration did the emergence of T. japonicus begin to decrease significantly (by 9.6% relative to untreated viable egg masses), whereas egg masses previously frozen at -80°C had a 58.8% reduction in parasitoid emergence after 14 days of storage. Refrigerated egg masses that were subsequently exposed to average field temperatures (warm: 22.9°C; cool: 13.2°C) were still suitable for T. japonicus parasitism after 7 days, while viable egg masses exposed to warm temperatures for 7 days before parasitism had 24.1% lower parasitoid emergence. Our results demonstrate that refrigeration at 8°C, while resulting in complete mortality of H. halys embryos after 10 days, are more suitable for T. japonicus parasitism than those stored at sub-zero temperatures. The quantity and quality of H. halys eggs that can be stockpiled with this method could facilitate T. japonicus laboratory colony maintenance, field monitoring, and releases.

scholarly journals Olfactory responses of Trissolcus mitsukurii to plants attacked by target and non-target stink bugs suggest low risk for biological control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Elena Chierici ◽  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Pio Federico Roversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Prior Risk ◽  
Target Effects

Abstract Field release of classical biocontrol agents requires prior risk assessment to ensure that non-target effects are averted. No-choice and choice bioassays can provide basic information on the physiological host range of the candidate agent. However, other experimental methods, like olfactometer bioassays of host-plant complexes, can depict more realistically the likelihood that the released biocontrol agent localizes non-targets in the field. Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is native to Asia and invasive in North America and Europe, where it represents a major threat for crops. The Asiatic egg parasitoid Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) is adventive in Italy and exhibits high parasitization ability on H. halys. In the light of evaluating T. mitsukurii for H. halys biocontrol, its physiological host range has been already partially explored. Here, we investigated the ability of the parasitoid to exploit odours associated with H. halys or with the following non-targets: Arma custos F., Dolycoris baccarum L., Eurydema ventralis Kolenati, and Nezara viridula L. (all Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Specifically, using a Y-tube olfactometer, we tested the response of parasitoid females to plants bearing naturally laid eggs, to physogastric females or eggs of the different species. We observed that T. mitsukurii is only attracted by plants challenged by eggs of H. halys or N. viridula, while it is not attracted by physogastric females or eggs alone. Remarkably, T. mitsukurii was almost repelled by plants bearing eggs of the beneficial A. custos. Our results usefully contribute to a more valuable assessment of the potential non-target risks in case of parasitoid release.

scholarly journals Floral nectar affects longevity of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi and its hyperparasitoid Dendrocerus aphidum

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Araj ◽  
S.D. Wratten ◽  
A.J. Lister A ◽  
H.L. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Level System ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Nectar Sources ◽  
Nectar Source ◽  
Aphid Host ◽  
Control Water

In this study the potential consequences of making a three or fourtrophic level system more complex by adding floral resources was studied in the laboratory for a range of plant nectar sources the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi and its hyperparasitoid Dendrocerus aphidum Parasitoids exposed to flowering buckwheat survived 45 times longer than those in the control (water only) and 34 times longer than those provided with phacelia alyssum or coriander Hyperarasitoids provided with buckwheat survived 56 times longer than those in the control and 35 times longer than those on the other flowering plants Buckwheat phacelia alyssum and coriander can therefore enhance the fitness of A ervi without benefiting its aphid host which does not feed on nectar However the fitness of the hyperparasitoid may increase relatively more than that of the parasitoid depending on the nectar source

scholarly journals Sampling Methods for Adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in a Wild Tree Host of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1997-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
N F Quinn ◽  
E J Talamas ◽  
T C Leskey ◽  
J C Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Wild Tree ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Abstract Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest that has established in much of the United States. Adventive populations of an effective Asian egg parasitoid of H. halys, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), have been detected in several states, including Virginia, and its geographic range is expanding. Documenting changes in its distribution and abundance have thus become key research priorities. For these specific purposes, surveillance of T. japonicus over large geographic areas using sentinel H. halys egg masses may not be optimally efficient, and examination of alternative sampling tactics is warranted. In 2016, sentinel H. halys egg masses were deployed as vertical transects in the canopy of female Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) in Virginia. A brief follow-up study in 2016 using yellow sticky traps deployed in the same trees yielded captures of T. japonicus, leading to a comparison of vertical transects of sentinel eggs and yellow sticky traps in 2017. Both methods yielded T. japonicus detections only in the middle and upper tree canopies, whereas other known H. halys parasitoids were detected in the lower, middle, or upper canopies. Based on this information, a method for deploying yellow sticky traps in the middle canopy of H. halys host trees was assessed in 2017, yielding T. japonicus captures. A comparison of estimated time inputs revealed that traps were more efficient than sentinel eggs in this regard. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of each sampling method to address specific questions about the range expansion and ecology of T. japonicus.

Sensitivity of the Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to Field and Laboratory-Applied Insecticide Residue

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2077-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Lowenstein ◽  
Heather Andrews ◽  
Anthony Mugica ◽  
Nik G Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Organic Insecticides ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract The spread of adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead, 1904) populations in North America is anticipated to increase biological control of Halyomorpha halys (Stål; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug. In an agricultural context, biological control will succeed if it can be integrated in an environment with insecticide applications. We investigated T. japonicus compatibility with nine conventional and organic insecticides commonly used in integrated pest management in perennial crops. Through evaluating mortality and longevity in field and laboratory trials, we determined that T. japonicus fares poorly when exposed to residues of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids. Spinosad resulted in the highest percentage of T. japonicus mortality, 100% in the laboratory and 97% in a field trial. The anthranilic diamide, chlorantraniliprole, had the lowest lethality, with no differences compared to an untreated control. Trissolcus japonicus survived insecticide applications in hazelnut orchards, and over 50% of wasps remained alive after contact with the anthranilic diamides, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, the biopesticide Chromobacterium, and an untreated control. Our results indicate that T. japonicus is unlikely to survive and parasitize H. halys in settings that coincide with broad-spectrum insecticide application. Future T. japonicus redistributions could continue in orchards treated with anthranilic diamides and Chromobacterium. As H. halys is a landscape-level pest, orchards may also benefit from biological control if T. japonicus are released in unsprayed areas adjacent to agriculture and in urban sites.

scholarly journals Can floral nectars reduce transmission of Leishmania?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Palmer-Young ◽  
Ryan Schwarz ◽  
Yan Ping Chen ◽  
Jay D Evans
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Target Effects

Insect-vectored Leishmania are the second-most debilitating of human parasites worldwide. Elucidation of the environmental factors that affect parasite transmission by vectors is essential to develop sustainable methods of parasite control that do not have off-target effects on beneficial insects or environmental health. Many phytochemicals that inhibit growth of sand fly-vectored Leishmania- which have been exhaustively studied in the search for phytochemical-based drugs- are abundant in nectar, which provide sugar-based meals to infected sand flies. In a quantitative meta-analysis, we compare inhibitory phytochemical concentrations for Leishmania to concentrations present in floral nectar and pollen. We show that nectar concentrations of several flowering plant species exceed those that inhibit growth of Leishmania cell cultures, suggesting an unexplored, landscape ecology-based approach to reduce Leishmania transmission. Strategic planting of antiparasitic phytochemical-rich floral resources or phytochemically enriched baits could reduce Leishmania loads in vectors, providing an environmentally friendly complement to existing means of disease control.

scholarly journals The impact of floral resources and omnivory on a four trophic level food web

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jonsson ◽  
S.D. Wratten ◽  
K.A. Robinson ◽  
S.A. Sam
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractOmnivory is common among arthropods, but little is known about how availability of plant resources and prey affects interactions between species operating at the third and fourth trophic level. We used laboratory and field cage experiments to investigate how the provision of flowers affects an omnivorous lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae (Hemerobiidae) and its parasitoid Anacharis zealandica (Figitidae). The adult lacewing is a true omnivore that feeds on both floral resources and aphids, whereas the parasitoid is a life-history omnivore, feeding on lacewing larvae in the larval stage and floral nectar as an adult. We showed that the effect of floral resources (buckwheat) on lacewing oviposition depends on prey (aphid) density, having a positive effect only at low prey density and that buckwheat substantially increases the longevity of the adult parasitoid. In field cages, we tested how provision of flowering buckwheat affects the dynamics of a four trophic level system, comprising parasitoids, lacewings, pea aphids and alfalfa. We found that provision of buckwheat decreased the density of lacewings in the first phase of the experiment when the density of aphids was high. This effect was probably caused by increased rate of parasitism by the parasitoid, which benefits from the presence of buckwheat. Towards the end of the experiment when the aphid populations had declined to low levels, the effect of buckwheat on lacewing density became positive, probably because lacewings were starving in the no-buckwheat treatment. Although presence of buckwheat flowers did not affect aphid populations in the field cages, these findings highlight the need to consider multitrophic interactions when proposing provision of floral resources as a technique for sustainable pest management.

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