scholarly journals Global Analysis of Small Non-Coding RNA Populations across Tissues in the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bart Bryant ◽  
Savanna Ray ◽  
Mary Katherine Mills
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Small Ncrnas ◽  
Unique Mapping ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Global Health Problem

Malaria is a major global health problem, where the anautogenous female mosquito Anopheles gambiae serves as a major vector. In order to combat this devastating disease, understanding mosquito physiology is paramount. Numerous studies in the vector field demonstrate that small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play essential roles in numerous aspects of mosquito physiology. While our previous miRNA annotation work demonstrated expression dynamics across differing tissues, miRNAs represented less than 20% of all small ncRNAs in our small RNA-Seq libraries. To this end, we systematically classified multiple small ncRNA groups across mosquito tissues. Here we (i) determined a new enriched-midgut miRNA, (ii) updated the piRNA annotation in ovaries with a genomic map of unique-mapping piRNAs, (iii) identified pan-tissue and tissue-enriched mRNA-derived small ncRNAs, and (iv) assessed AGO1- and AGO2- loading of candidate small ncRNAs. Continued research will broaden our view of small ncRNAs and greatly aide in our understanding on how these molecules contribute to mosquito physiology.

scholarly journals A Feedback Mechanism Regulates Odorant Receptor Expression in the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Maguire ◽  
Ali Afify ◽  
Loyal A. Goff ◽  
Christopher J. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Human Odor ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTMosquitoes locate and approach humans (‘host-seek’) when specific Olfactory Neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory periphery activate a specific combination of glomeruli in the mosquito Antennal Lobe (AL). We hypothesize that dysregulating proper glomerular activation in the presence of human odor will prevent host-seeking behavior. In experiments aimed at ectopically activating most ORNs in the presence of human odor, we made a surprising finding: ectopic expression of an AgOr (AgOr2) in Anopheles gambiae ORNs dampens the activity of the expressing neuron. This contrasts studies in Drosophila melanogaster, the typical insect model of olfaction, in which ectopic expression of non-native ORs in ORNs confers ectopic neuronal responses without interfering with native olfactory physiology. To gain insight into this dysfunction in mosquitoes, RNA-seq analyses were performed comparing wild-type antennae to those ectopically expressing AgOr2 in ORNs. Remarkably, almost all Or transcripts were significantly downregulated (except for AgOr2), and additional experiments suggest that it is AgOR2 protein rather than mRNA that mediates this downregulation. Our study shows that ORNs of Anopheles mosquitoes (in contrast to Drosophila) employ a currently unexplored regulatory mechanism of OR expression, which may be adaptable as a vector-control strategy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStudies in Drosophila melanogaster suggest that insect Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs) do not contain mechanisms by which Odorant Receptors (ORs) regulate OR expression. This has proved useful in studies where ectopic expression of an OR in Drosophila ORNs confers responses to the odorants that activate the newly expressed OR. In experiments in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, we found that ectopic expression of an OR in most Anopheles ORNs dampened the activity of the expressing neurons. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated that ectopic OR expression in Anopheles ORNs leads to downregulation of endogenous Or transcripts. Additional experiments suggest that this downregulation required ectopic expression of a functional OR protein. These findings reveal that Anopheles mosquitoes, in contrast to Drosophila, contain a feedback mechanism to regulate OR expression. Mosquito ORNs might employ regulatory mechanisms of OR expression previously thought to occur only in non-insect olfactory systems.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNA Signatures of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Princess D. Rodriguez ◽  
Hana Paculova ◽  
Sophie Kogut ◽  
Jessica Heath ◽  
Hilde Schjerven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a diverse class of non-protein coding transcripts that regulate critical cellular processes associated with cancer. Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) have led to the characterization of non-coding RNA expression across different types of human cancers. Through comprehensive RNA-Seq profiling, a growing number of studies demonstrate that ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNA), play central roles in progenitor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) pathogenesis. Furthermore, due to their central roles in cellular homeostasis and their potential as biomarkers, the study of ncRNAs continues to provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of B-ALL. This article reviews the ncRNA signatures reported for all B-ALL subtypes, focusing on technological developments in transcriptome profiling and recently discovered examples of ncRNAs with biologic and therapeutic relevance in B-ALL.

scholarly journals Low-resolution genome map of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (24) ◽  
pp. 11187-11191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Zheng ◽  
R. D. Saunders ◽  
D. Fortini ◽  
A. della Torre ◽  
M. Coluzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Mosquito ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

Q: a new retrotransposon from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Besansky ◽  
J. A. Bedell ◽  
O. Mukabayire
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

scholarly journals Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 464 (7285) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison F. Carey ◽  
Guirong Wang ◽  
Chih-Ying Su ◽  
Laurence J. Zwiebel ◽  
John R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

scholarly journals Transgenic Expression of the Anti-parasitic Factor TEP1 in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e1006113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Volohonsky ◽  
Ann-Katrin Hopp ◽  
Mélanie Saenger ◽  
Julien Soichot ◽  
Heidi Scholze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Mosquito ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae

scholarly journals Antennal-Expressed Ammonium Transporters in the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e111858 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jason Pitts ◽  
Stephen L. Derryberry ◽  
Fadi E. Pulous ◽  
Laurence J. Zwiebel
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Anopheles Gambiae
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