scholarly journals Biochemical Mechanisms, Cross-resistance and Stability of Resistance to Metaflumizone in Plutella xylostella

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Jun Shen ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Dongyang Li ◽  
Rumeng Wang ◽  
Shuzhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. It has developed resistance to many conventional and novel insecticide classes. Metaflumizone belongs to the new chemical class of semicarbazone insecticides. To delay the development of metaflumizone resistance in P. xylostella and to guide insecticide use in the field, the biochemical mechanisms, cross-resistance spectrum, and stability of resistance to metaflumizone were studied in a laboratory-selected resistant strain (metaflu-SEL). Synergism tests with the carboxylesterase inhibitor triphenyl phosphate (TPP), the glutathione S-transferase depletor diethyl maleate (DEM), and the P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide(PBO) had no obvious effect on metaflumizone in the metaflu-SEL strain and the susceptible strain (SS) of P. xylostella, with synergism ratios that ranged from 1.02 to 1.86. Biochemical studies revealed that the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase increased only 1.13-fold in the metaflu-SEL strain compared with the UNSEL stain; meanwhile, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase activity showed no difference. These results suggest that these detoxification enzymes may be not actively involved in metaflumizone resistance. Furthermore, the metaflu-SEL population showed a moderate level of cross-resistance to indoxacarb (11.63-fold), but only very low cross-resistance to spinosad (1.75-fold), spinetoram (3.52-fold), abamectin (2.81-fold), beta-cypermethrin (0.71-fold), diafenthiuron (0.79-fold), chlorantraniliprole (2.16-fold), BT (WG-001) (3.34-fold), chlorfenapyr (0.49-fold), and chlorfluazuron (0.97-fold). Moreover, metaflumizone resistance decreased from 1087.85- to 1.23-fold in the metaflu-SEL strain after 12 generations without exposure to metaflumizone. These results are useful for formulating insecticide resistance management strategies to control P. xylostella and to delay the development of metaflumizone resistance in the field.

scholarly journals Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and Bacillus thuringiensis (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Changlong Shu ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Positive Correlations

Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.), the most destructive pest of Brassica vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC50:LC50) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance and Stability of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1C in Diamondback Moth

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3216-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Biao Liu ◽  
Bruce E. Tabashnik ◽  
Susan K. Meyer ◽  
Neil Crickmore
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reported Data

ABSTRACT We tested toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis against larvae from susceptible, Cry1C-resistant, and Cry1A-resistant strains of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The Cry1C-resistant strain, which was derived from a field population that had evolved resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp.aizawai, was selected repeatedly with Cry1C in the laboratory. The Cry1C-resistant strain had strong cross-resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F, low to moderate cross-resistance to Cry1Aa and Cry9Ca, and no cross-resistance to Cry1Bb, Cry1Ja, and Cry2A. Resistance to Cry1C declined when selection was relaxed. Together with previously reported data, the new data on the cross-resistance of a Cry1C-resistant strain reported here suggest that resistance to Cry1A and Cry1C toxins confers little or no cross-resistance to Cry1Bb, Cry2Aa, or Cry9Ca. Therefore, these toxins might be useful in rotations or combinations with Cry1A and Cry1C toxins. Cry9Ca was much more potent than Cry1Bb or Cry2Aa and thus might be especially useful against diamondback moth.

The effects of local selection versus dispersal on insecticide resistance patterns: longitudinal evidence from diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)) in Australia evolving resistance to pyrethroids

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Endersby ◽  
P.M. Ridland ◽  
A.A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Local Selection

AbstractWhen strong directional selection acts on a trait, the spatial distribution of phenotypes may reflect effects of selection, as well as the spread of favoured genotypes by gene flow. Here we investigate the relative impact of these factors by assessing resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in a 12-year study of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from southern Australia. We estimated resistance levels in populations from brassicaceous weeds, canola, forage crops and vegetables. Differences in resistance among local populations sampled repeatedly were stable over several years. Levels were lowest in samples from weeds and highest in vegetables. Resistance in canola samples increased over time as insecticide use increased. There was no evidence that selection in one area influenced resistance in adjacent areas. Microsatellite variation from 13 populations showed a low level of genetic variation among populations, with an AMOVA indicating that population only accounted for 0.25% of the molecular variation. This compared to an estimate of 13.8% of variation accounted for by the resistance trait. Results suggest that local selection rather than gene flow of resistance alleles dictated variation in resistance across populations. Therefore, regional resistance management strategies may not limit resistance evolution.

Evaluation of resistance, cross-resistance and synergism of abamectin and teflubenzuron in a multi-resistant field population of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal ◽  
D.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Diethyl Ester ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe efficacy of abamectin (AgrimecR) and teflubenzuron (NomoltR) was assessed by leaf-dip bioassay against larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus from a population (SERD3) collected originally in lowland Malaysia in December 1994. Evidence for resistance to both abamectin and teflubenzuron was found in the F7 generation (LC50 ratio of 60 and 24 respectively compared with a laboratory, insecticide-susceptible strain). Selection of sub-populations of SERD3 (F7–F9) with abamectin and teflubenzuron increased the LC50 ratio to 220 and 360 respectively and estimates of realized heritability [h2] were high (c. 0.8 and 0.9) for both compounds. There was no cross-resistance between these compounds in the abamectin and teflubenzuron-selected sub-populations but some indication of negatively-correlated resistance. Topical application of the synergists piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate and maleic acid diethyl ester to the laboratory strain had no significant effect on the toxicity of abamectin or teflubenzuron in subsequent leaf-dip assays. In contrast, pre-treatment with piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate significantly increased the toxicity of abamectin (c. 4- and 3-fold) and teflubenzuron (c. 7- and 19-fold) in the abamectin and teflubenzuron-selected sub-populations of SERD3, suggesting that microsomal monoxygenases and/or esterases may be involved in resistance. Pre-treatment with maleic acid diethyl ester only increased the toxicity of abamectin by c. 2-fold and had no significant effect on the toxicity of teflubenzuron, providing limited evidence for the involvement of glutathione-S-transferases in resistance to the former compound alone.

scholarly journals Common, but Complex, Mode of Resistance of Plutella xylostella to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6863-6869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Sayyed ◽  
Roxani Gatsi ◽  
M. Sales Ibiza-Palacios ◽  
Baltasar Escriche ◽  
Denis J. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Susceptible Population

ABSTRACT A field collected population of Plutella xylostella (SERD4) was selected in the laboratory with Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins Cry1Ac (Cry1Ac-SEL) and Cry1Ab (Cry1Ab-SEL). Both subpopulations showed similar phenotypes: high resistance to the Cry1A toxins and little cross-resistance to Cry1Ca or Cry1D. A previous analysis of the Cry1Ac-SEL showed incompletely dominant resistance to Cry1Ac with more than one factor, at least one of which was sex influenced. In the present study reciprocal mass crosses between Cry1Ab-SEL and a laboratory susceptible population (ROTH) provided evidence that Cry1Ab resistance was also inherited as incompletely dominant trait with more than one factor, and at least one of the factors was sex influenced. Analysis of single pair mating indicated that Cry1Ab-SEL was still heterogeneous for Cry1Ab resistance genes, showing genes with different degrees of dominance. Binding studies showed a large reduction of specific binding of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac to midgut membrane vesicles of the Cry1Ab-SEL subpopulation. Cry1Ab-SEL was found to be more susceptible to trypsin-activated Cry1Ab toxin than protoxin, although no defect in toxin activation was found. Present and previous results indicate a common basis of resistance to both Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in selected subpopulations and suggest that a similar set of resistance genes are responsible for resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac and are selected whichever toxin was used. The possibility of an incompletely dominant trait of resistant to these toxins should be taken into account when considering refuge resistance management strategies.

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