scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Endoparasite Prevalence and Social Immunity in Bee Colonies Kept Traditionally vs. Those Kept for Commercial Purposes

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmin Taric ◽  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
Aleksandar Stanojkovic ◽  
Nevenka Aleksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Social Immunity ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Glucose Oxidase Gene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bee Colonies

Commercially and traditionally managed bees were compared for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), the prevalence of parasites (Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Nosema ceranae/apis) and social immunity (glucose oxidase gene expression). The research was conducted on Pester plateau (Serbia—the Balkan Peninsula), on seemingly healthy colonies. Significant differences in CAT, GST and SOD activities (p < 0.01), and MDA concentrations (p < 0.002) were detected between commercial and traditional colonies. In the former, the prevalence of both L. passim and N. ceranae was significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) higher. For the first time, L. passim was detected in honey bee brood. In commercial colonies, the prevalence of L. passim was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in brood than in adult bees, whilst in traditionally kept colonies the prevalence in adult bees and brood did not differ significantly. In commercially kept colonies, the GOX gene expression level was significantly (p < 0.01) higher, which probably results from their increased need to strengthen their social immunity. Commercially kept colonies were under higher oxidative stress, had higher parasite burdens and higher GOX gene transcript levels. It may be assumed that anthropogenic influence contributed to these differences, but further investigations are necessary to confirm that.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals TFEB activates Nrf2 by repressing its E3 ubiquitin ligase DCAF11 and promoting phosphorylation of p62

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee-Yun Park ◽  
Sunhyo Kim ◽  
Hee Young Sohn ◽  
Young Ho Koh ◽  
Chulman Jo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cellular Stressors

Abstract Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) play crucial roles in the biological response against cellular stressors; however, their relationship has not yet been investigated. Here, we constructed human neuroglioma cell lines stably expressing TFEB. The expression of Nrf2-response genes, including heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutathione-s-transferase-mu1 (GSTM1), and p62, was induced in the cell line, independent of oxidative stress. Of note, the protein level of Nrf2 was significantly increased, and its ubiquitinated fraction was reduced in stable cells compared to that in the control cells. Among E3 ubiquitin ligases known to be involved in the ubiquitination of Nrf2, DDB1 and Cullin4 associated factor 11 (DCAF11) was down-regulated at both protein and mRNA levels in stable cells, indicating that the repression of DCAF11 by TFEB may be mainly involved in the stabilization of Nrf2. In addition, the level of phosphorylated p62 at S349 was highly increased in stable cells compared to that in control cells, which could allow it to interfere with the association of Keap1 and Nrf2, thus stabilizing Nrf2. We suggest for the first time that TFEB could activate Nrf2 by increasing its stability under conditions devoid of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoids Identification by LC-MS/MS Analysis in Leaf Extract from Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Lilian Marigo Magalhaes ◽  
Valeria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin ◽  
Camila Cristina Pereira de Souza ◽  
Rogério de Campos Bicudo ◽  
Adilson Paulo Sinhorin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Hypolipidemic Action ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
First Time

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in the oxidative stress model induced by paracetamol in male Swiss mice, to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action and to identify flavonoids in the leaves ethanolic extract from Trattinnickia rhoifolia. By the LC-MS / MS method, eight flavonoids were identified in the hydromethanolic (HM) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions, except for Amentoflavone, the flavonoids Apigenin, Canferol, Luteolin, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-β-d-glucoside, Rutin and Taxifoline were identified for the first time in this species. These fractions were evaluated for antioxidant capacity (DPPH— test) and their protective effect in vivo through the analysis of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, non-protein thiols, ascorbic acid, TBARS and carbonylated proteins. The data showed that EA has antioxidant capacity and superior oxidative stress repair in chemical and biological analyzes, besides hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic action. Thus, the present work contributes significantly to the literature, since it is the first study that identifies the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of leaves extract from T. rhoifolia.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism by which pioglitazone preserves pancreatic β-cells in obese diabetic mice: evidence for acute and chronic actions as a PPARγ agonist

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. E278-E286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Kanda ◽  
Masashi Shimoda ◽  
Sumiko Hamamoto ◽  
Kazuhito Tawaramoto ◽  
Fumiko Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Pioglitazone Treatment

Pioglitazone preserves pancreatic β-cell morphology and function in diabetic animal models. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which pioglitazone protects β-cells in diabetic db/db mice. In addition to the morphological analysis of the islets, gene expression profiles of the pancreatic islet were analyzed using laser capture microdissection and were compared with real-time RT-PCR of db/db and nondiabetic m/m mice treated with or without pioglitazone for 2 wk or 2 days. Pioglitazone treatment (2 wk) ameliorated dysmetabolism, increased islet insulin content, restored glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and preserved β-cell mass in db/db mice but had no significant effects in m/m mice. Pioglitazone upregulated genes that promote cell differentiation/proliferation in diabetic and nondiabetic mice. In db/db mice, pioglitazone downregulated the apoptosis-promoting caspase-activated DNase gene and upregulated anti-apoptosis-related genes. The above-mentioned effects of pioglitazone treatment were also observed after 2 days of treatment. By contrast, the oxidative stress-promoting NADPH oxidase gene was downregulated, and antioxidative stress-related genes were upregulated, in db/db mice treated with pioglitazone for 2 wk, rather than 2 days. Morphometric results for proliferative cell number antigen and 4-hydroxy-2-noneal modified protein were consistent with the results of gene expression analysis. The present results strongly suggest that pioglitazone preserves β-cell mass in diabetic mice mostly by two ways; directly, by acceleration of cell differentiation/proliferation and suppression of apoptosis (acute effect); and indirectly, by deceleration of oxidative stress because of amelioration of the underlying metabolic disorder (chronic effect).

scholarly journals Anti-Varroa Efficiency of Coumaphos and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress and Survival of Honey Bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
Biljana Zikic ◽  
Nevenka Aleksic ◽  
Marko Ristanic ◽  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Malonyl Dialdehyde ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractApart from the efficiency of coumaphos against Varroa mites, its impact on the oxidative status and survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) was assessed. The research was conducted on hives from the same apiary, equalised regarding the number of bees, brood area and food storage. Based on Varroa infestation the hives were allotted to two groups: non-infested (N) and infested (I). Both groups were either treated (T) – NT and IT, or untreated (U) – NU and IU. The treatment of infested bees was controlled with a follow-up treatment with amitraz. The efficiency of coumaphos was 96-97%. This organophosphate had a negligible effect on bee survival, but it significantly affected their oxidative status: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and the concentrations of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA). Coumaphos significantly (p˂0.0001) decreased SOD activity in non-infested bees, but increased it in those infested. By contrast, both CAT and GST activities, as well as MDA concentrations significantly increased (from p˂0.05 to p˂0.0001) after treatment in all groups, with the exception of IT, where it declined. Coumaphos in non-infested hives caused oxidative stress per se, not unlike varroa in infested colonies. However, in infested colonies it decreased oxidative stress, owing to its efficacy against Varroa mites and contributed to the recovery of bee colonies. In spite of its certain downsides, coumaphos remains an effective anti-varroa substance, but should be used with precaution, not to add to the effects of environmental factors which may cause red-ox misbalance.

d-Galactose induces cellulase gene expression in Hypocrea jecorina at low growth rates

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Karaffa ◽  
Erzsébet Fekete ◽  
Christian Gamauf ◽  
Attila Szentirmai ◽  
Christian P. Kubicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Equimolar Mixture ◽  
Cellulase Gene ◽  
Hypocrea Jecorina ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Cellulase Induction ◽  
Glucose Oxidase Gene

Lactose (1,4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-glucose) is a soluble and economic carbon source for the industrial production of cellulases or recombinant proteins by Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei). The mechanism by which lactose induces cellulase formation is not understood. Recent data showed that the galactokinase step is essential for cellulase induction by lactose, but growth on d-galactose alone does not induce cellulases. Consequently, the hypothesis was tested that d-galactose may be an inducer only at a low growth rate, which is typically observed when growing on lactose. Carbon-limited chemostat cultivations of H. jecorina were therefore performed at different dilution rates with d-galactose, lactose, galactitol and d-glucose. Cellulase gene expression was monitored by using a strain carrying a fusion between the cbh2 (encoding cellobiohydrolase 2, Cel6A) promoter region and the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene and by identification of the two major cellobiohydrolases Cel7A and Cel6A. The results show that d-galactose indeed induces cbh2 gene transcription and leads to Cel7A and Cel6A accumulation at a low (D=0·015 h−1) but not at higher dilution rates. At the same dilution rate, growth on d-glucose did not lead to cbh2 promoter activation or Cel6A formation but a basal level, lower than that observed on d-galactose, was detected for the carbon-catabolite-derepressible Cel7A. Lactose induced significantly higher cellulase levels at 0·015 h−1 than d-galactose and induced cellulases even at growth rates up to 0·042 h−1. Results of chemostats with an equimolar mixture of d-galactose and d-glucose essentially mimicked the behaviour on d-galactose alone, whereas an equimolar mixture of d-galactose and galactitol, the first intermediate of a recently described second pathway of d-galactose catabolism, led to cellulase induction at D=0·030 h−1. It is concluded that d-galactose indeed induces cellulases at low growth rate and that the operation of the alternative pathway further increases this induction. However, under those conditions lactose is still a superior inducer for which the mechanism remains to be clarified.

Perinatal fluoxetine exposure results in social deficits and reduced monoamine oxidase gene expression in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 1727 ◽  
pp. 146282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Bond ◽  
J.C. Johnson ◽  
V. Chaudhary ◽  
E.M. McCarthy ◽  
M.L. McWhorter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Oxidase Gene

Oxidative stress provokes atherogenic changes in adipokine gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2006 ◽  
Vol 339 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsunori Kamigaki ◽  
Shinji Sakaue ◽  
Ichizo Tsujino ◽  
Hiroshi Ohira ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression
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