scholarly journals The Cytotoxic Effect of Genistein, a Soybean Isoflavone, against Cultured Tribolium Cells

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Development Failure ◽  
Wheat Flours

The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is a known pest of various grains and stored-products such as wheat flours; however, T. castaneum feeds on and infests soybean and soy products. For more than 60 years, soy flour has been suggested to be unstable food for Tribolium spp. because it causes larval development failure. However, it remains unknown whether soy flour affects adult beetles. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of soy flour and its related isoflavones against T. castaneum using an artificial dietary intake assay. Beetles were fed gypsum (a non-digestible compound) mixed with either water (control) or soy flour. Significantly fewer beetles survived after being fed the soy flour treatment. Although the soy isoflavone genistein, a defensive agent and secondary metabolite, decreased the T. castaneum adult survival, it required a long time to have a lethal effect. Therefore, the cytotoxic effects of soy flour, i.e., the rapid biological responses following isoflavone addition, were also examined using a cultured cell line derived from T. castaneum. Both genistin and genistein significantly affected the survival of the cultured cells, although genistein had a stronger lethal effect. This study demonstrated the toxicity of genistein found in soybean against T. castaneum cultured cells within 24 h period. Genistein may be used as an oral toxin biopesticide against T. castaneum.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Makoto Ujike ◽  
Fumihiro Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
New Family ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Medical Importance

Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs.

scholarly journals CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AS A MODEL OF AIR POLLUTION TOXICITY DURING DEVELOPMENT AND LIFESPAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S97-S97
Author(s):  
Amin Haghani ◽  
Hans M Dalton ◽  
Nikoo Safi ◽  
Farimah Shirmohammadi ◽  
Constantinos Sioutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Air pollution (AirPoll) is among the leading human mortality risk factors and yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms of this global environmental toxin. Our recent studies using mouse models even showed genetic variation and sex can alter biological responses to air pollution. To expand genetic studies of AirPoll toxicity throughout the lifespan, we introduced Caenorhabditis elegans as a new AirPoll exposure model which has a short lifespan, high throughput capabilities and shared longevity pathways with mammals. Acute exposure of C. elegans to airborne nanosized AirPoll matter (nPM) caused similar gene expression changes to our prior findings in cell culture and mouse models. Initial C. elegans responses to nPM included antioxidant, inflammatory and Alzheimer homolog genes. The magnitude of changes was dependent on the developmental stage of the worms. Even short term exposure of C. elegans to nPM altered developmental and lifespan hormetic effects, with pathways that included skn-1/Nrf family antioxidant responses. We propose C. elegans as a new and complementary model for mouse and cultured cells to study AirPoll across the lifespan. Future chronic nPM exposure and high throughput genetic screening of C. elegans can identify other major regulators of the developmental and lifespan effects of air pollution. This work was supported by grants R01AG051521 (CEF); R21AG05020 (CEF); Cure Alzheimer’s Fund (CEF); R01GM109028 (SPC), F31AG051382 (HMD) and T32AG000037 (HMD), T32AG052374 (AH).

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Lambda Variant: Spatiotemporal Distribution and Potential Public Health Impact

Zoonoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Chen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Xiao-Ping Dong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Low Levels

Various SARS-CoV-2 variants have continually emerged since the summer of 2020. Recently, the spread and potential effects of the Lambda variant on public health have caused great scientific and public concern. The Lambda variant (C.37), first identified in Peru in December 2020, contains a novel deletion (Δ246–252) and two novel mutations, L452Q and F490S, not present in the ancestral strain and other variants. The Lambda variant was designated a variant of interest in April of 2021. By the end of July, this variant sequence was detected in more than 30 countries worldwide, mostly in South America. This study analyzed the global spatiotemporal distribution of the Lambda variant from the beginning of January to the end of July from publicly available data. The Lambda variant spread rapidly in Peru and became predominant in March. Circulation of the Lambda variant has also been observed in some neighboring countries, i.e., Argentina, Chile and Ecuador, where it has remained at remarkably low levels. The circulation of the Lambda variant in other countries in South America (e.g., Brazil and Colombia) and other regions of the world has also occurred at very low levels, even though this variant has been known for a long time. Multivariate linear regression analyses of the proportion of case fatalities attributable to the Lambda variant, the new deaths and the new confirmed cases per million (7-day rolling average) in Peru did not show significant associations. A review of the most recent data on the Lambda variant has suggested this variant’s relatively high infectivity in cultured cells and low neutralizing titers of convalescent sera and vaccine-elicited antibodies in vitro. However, the exact effects of this variant on clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness remain poorly documented. The currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines are still believed to provide efficient protection against the Lambda variant.

THE INFLUENCE OF SELENITE ON FILLAMENTOUS FUNGI HYPHA MORPHOMETRY PARAMETERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Pajic ◽  
◽  
Natasa Todorovic ◽  
Dunja Stefanovic ◽  
Mihailo D. Rabasovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

Selenium salts have been known for long time to have a potential for both beneficial and harmful effects on living organisms. It is present in the environment, where it can be readily assimilated by plants and fungi, thus entering the food chain. We investigated the cell growth dynamics in the presence of selenite which is considered to have more toxic potential than selenate. The effects of selenite (1 mM) on the growth of fungi from the activated spores to the end of the exponential growth were measured on several hypha morphological parameters by microscopy in vivo. Phycomyces blaekesleneeanus was used as model filamentous fungus. The most striking effect of Se+4 treatment was inhibition of hypha growth, resulting in more than four times shorter hypha in Se+4 –treatment group than in the control (200 ± 50 µm, n = 50 vs 900 ± 100 µm, n = 40 respectively) at the end of exponential growth period under controlled conditions. The Se+4 effect was an inhibition and not a simple delay in growth, as hypha length did not change significantly from 27th to 30th hour of culture in Se+4-treatment group. Since the microscopy was performed on live cultured cells, undisturbed cytoplasmic streaming was observed, confirming that hyphae were alive at all time points measured. 30h old spore diameters were also significantly reduced by Se+4 treatment (p = 0.0365), while hypha diameters were not significantly altered.

Cytotoxic effects ofprevotella nigrescenson cultured cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Jin-Soon Han ◽  
Eun-Sook Kim ◽  
Su-Jong Lee ◽  
Yong-Ouk You ◽  
Kyung-Soo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

scholarly journals Cytopathogenic Effect of Trichomonas vaginalis on Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells Cultured In Vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 4200-4206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Gilbert ◽  
G. Elia ◽  
D. H. Beach ◽  
Suzanne Klaessig ◽  
B. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vaginal Fibroblasts

ABSTRACT In this study we established human vaginal epithelial cells (hVECs) in culture and evaluated their interaction with Trichomonas vaginalis parasites to complement previous studies using other cell types. Primary cultures of hVECs were established. Contaminating fibroblasts were separated from epithelial cells by differential trypsinization. Specific antibody staining revealed that over 92% of cells in hVEC monolayers were epithelial cells. T. vaginalis adhered to hVECs and produced severe cytotoxic effects resulting in obliteration of the monolayer within 24 h. Adherence and cytotoxicity were not observed when T. vaginalis was exposed to human vaginal fibroblasts or bovine vaginal epithelial cells. Likewise, the bovine parasite Tritrichomonas foetushad no cytotoxic effects on hVECs. We concluded that the interaction between T. vaginalis and hVECs is both cell specific (limited to epithelial cells and not vaginal fibroblasts) and species specific (limited to human vaginal cells and not bovine cells). Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with metronidazole or periodate abolished the adhesion of parasites to cell monolayers and the cytotoxic effect, suggesting involvement of carbohydrate-containing molecules in these processes. Different clinical isolates of T. vaginalis caused damage to cultured cells at different rates. Parasites separated from the vaginal cell monolayer by a permeable membrane did not produce a cytopathic effect, suggesting contact-dependent cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxic effects of arthropod venoms on various cultured cells

Toxicon ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Cohen ◽  
Gary B. Quistad
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

INTERFERON-α MIMICS EFFECTS OF OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN 1 ON PROSTAGLANDIN AND PROTEIN SECRETION BY OVINE ENDOMETRIAL CELLS IN VITRO

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Salamonsen ◽  
S.J. Stuchbery ◽  
C.M. O'Grady ◽  
J.D. Godkin ◽  
J.K. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Interferon Α2 ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

ABSTRACT Ovine endometrial cells were isolated from ovariectomized oestrogen and progesterone-treated ewes and maintained in primary culture. In-vitro treatment with human interferon-α2 (Roferon, Hoffman La Roche) (5, 50 IU/ml) or purified ovine trophoblast protein 1 (oTP-1, 30 ng/ml) significantly attenuated PGF2α (25±17, 29±17, 28±9%±SEM of control [no in-vitro treatment = 100%] respectively, N=4 ewes) and PGE (11±4, 16±4, 16±5% of control) release from the cultured cells. Fluorography of two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of proteins secreted by the cells following 35S-methionine incorporation, revealed that synthesis and secretion of the same "pregnancy-related" proteins was stimulated by both interferon-α2 and oTP-1. Thus, interferon-α2 (which has sequence homology with oTP-1) acts on the ovine endometrium, eliciting similar biological responses to those of oTP-1.

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