scholarly journals Bacterial Endosymbiont Diversity among Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Populations in Florida

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rossitto De Marchi ◽  
Hugh A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a pest of many economically important agricultural crops and a vector of plant viruses. Bemisia tabaci harbors facultative endosymbiont species that have been implicated in pest status, including tolerance to insecticides, virus transmission efficiency and tolerance to high-temperatures. The facultative endosymbionts reported in B. tabaci include Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Fritschea and Rickettsia. We collected whitefly populations from weed and crop hosts in south Florida and identified the whitefly species as well as the facultative endosymbionts present in these populations by molecular analysis. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of whiteflies and their endosymbionts was performed. The only facultative endosymbionts found among the B. tabaci populations collected in Florida were Hamiltonella and Rickettsia. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the low genetic diversity of whiteflies and their endosymbionts. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree clustered Rickettsia from Florida in the R1 genetic group. The results will aid to understand the role of the bacterial endosymbionts in the whitefly host.

Do Secondary Bacterial Endosymbionts of Aphids Affect the Vector Specificity or Transmission Efficiency of Plant Viruses?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
H. Alkhedir ◽  
A. Habekuss ◽  
E. Schliephake ◽  
A.M. Mashaly ◽  
S. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Vector Specificity ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

scholarly journals Diversity and Transmission of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus in Feral and Farmed American Mink and Native Mustelids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Virtanen ◽  
Andrzej Zalewski ◽  
Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska ◽  
Marcin Brzeziński ◽  
Teemu Smura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽  
Pine Martens

Abstract Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), which causes Aleutian disease (AD), is widely spread both in farmed mink and wild mustelids. However, only limited data is available on the role of wild animals in AMDV transmission and spread. Our aim was to shed light on AMDV transmission among wild mustelids and estimate the effect of intense farming practices on the virus circulation by studying AMDV prevalence and genetic diversity among wild mustelids in Poland. We compared AMDV seroprevalence and proportion of PCR positive individuals in American mink, polecats, otters, stone martens, and pine martens, and used phylogenetic analysis of NS1 region to study transmission. In addition, we used metagenomic approach to sequence complete AMDV genomes from tissue samples. In eastern Poland, AMDV seroprevalence in wild mustelids varied from 22% in otters to 62% and 64% in stone martens and feral mink, respectively. All studied antibody positive mink were also PCR positive, whereas only 10, 15, and 18% of antibody positive polecats, pine martens, and stone martens, respectively, were PCR positive, suggesting lower virus persistence among these animal species as compared to feral mink. In phylogenetic analysis, most sequences from feral mink formed region-specific clusters that have most likely emerged through multiple introductions of AMDV to feral mink population over decades. However, virus spread between regions was also observed. Virus sequences derived from farmed and wild animals formed separate sub-clusters in the phylogenetic tree and no signs of recent virus transmission between farmed and wild animals was observed despite frequent inflow of farmed mink escapees to wild populations. These results provide new information about the role of different mustelid species in AMDV transmission and about virus circulation among the wild mustelids. In addition, we pinpoint gaps-of-knowledge, where more studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive picture of AMDV transmission.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in 24 infected couples

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma de Paula Cavalheiro ◽  
Abel De La Rosa ◽  
Slava Elagin ◽  
Fátima Mitiko Tengan ◽  
Evaldo Stanislau Affonso de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Intrafamilial Transmission ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Degree

The role of sexual or intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C is controversial. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the non-structural region 5B of the hepatitis C virus (NS5B-HCV). High percentages of homology (mean of 98.3%) were shown between the couples. Twenty (83.3%) of the 24 men but only two of the women (8.3%) reported having had sexually transmitted diseases during their lives. The risk factors for HCV acquisition were blood transfusion (10 couples), use of illegal injected drugs (17), use of inhalants (15), acupuncture (5) and tattoos (5). The shared use of personal hygiene items included toothbrushes between six couples (25%), razor blades between 16 (66.7%), nail clippers between 21 (87.5%) and manicure pliers between 14 (58.3%). The high degree of similarity of the hepatitis C virus genome supports the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene items suggests the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of infection.

scholarly journals Transmission of Begomoviruses and Other Whitefly-Borne Viruses: Dependence on the Vector Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Fiallo-Olivé ◽  
Li-Long Pan ◽  
Shu-Sheng Liu ◽  
Jesús Navas-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biological Vector ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Most plant viruses require a biological vector to spread from plant to plant in nature. Among biological vectors for plant viruses, hemipteroid insects are the most common, including phloem-feeding aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, planthoppers, and leafhoppers. A majority of the emerging diseases challenging agriculture worldwide are insect borne, with those transmitted by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) topping the list. Most damaging whitefly-transmitted viruses include begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), criniviruses (Closteroviridae), and torradoviruses (Secoviridae). Among the whitefly vectors, Bemisia tabaci, now recognized as a complex of cryptic species, is the most harmful in terms of virus transmission. Here, we review the available information on the differential transmission efficiency of begomoviruses and other whitefly-borne viruses by different species of whiteflies, including the cryptic species of the B. tabaci complex. In addition, we summarize the factors affecting transmission of viruses by whiteflies and point out some future research prospects.

scholarly journals Higher Ramie mosaic virus transmission efficiency by females than by males of Bemisia tabaci MED

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Songbai Zhang ◽  
Limin Zheng ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency

Invasion of the Q2 mitochondrial variant of Mediterranean Bemisia tabaci in southern Italy: possible role of bacterial endosymbionts

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Parrella ◽  
Anna Giulia Nappo ◽  
Elena Manco ◽  
Barbara Greco ◽  
Massimo Giorgini
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts

scholarly journals Differential expression of gut protein genes and population density of Arsenophonus contributes to sex-biased transmission of Bemisia tabaci vectored Cotton leaf curl virus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259374
Author(s):  
Ikbalpreet Singh ◽  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Abhishek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton causing direct damage as sap feeder and vector of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Previous few studies suggest that female whiteflies are more efficient vector of begomovirusthan males, however the sex-biased transmission efficiency is still not clearly understood. Present studies with B. tabaci AsiaII-1 haplotype showed higher virus transmission efficiency of females compared to males. This variable begomovirus transmission efficiency has been related to previously identifiedkey factors associated with B. tabaci. The higher density of endosymbiont Arsenophonus and variable expression of some midgut proteins genes i.e. Cyclophilin, Knottin, Hsp40, Hsp70 may be possibly imparting higher vector competency to the females compared to males. The present studies suggest low abundance of Arsenophonus spp. as well as lower expressionof Cyclophilin genein males as compared to females. This is further supplemented by overexpression of Knottin, Hsp40, and Hsp70 genes in males compared to females and thus collectively all these factors might be playing a key role in low virus transmission efficiency of males. The relative density of Arsenophonus spp. and expression of midgut proteins genes in male and female whitefly first time enriches our understanding about sex-biased transmission efficiency of begomovirus.

Further insights into the strange role of bacterial endosymbionts in whitefly, Bemisia tabaci: Comparison of secondary symbionts from biotypes B and Q in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chu ◽  
C.S. Gao ◽  
P. De Barro ◽  
Y.J. Zhang ◽  
F.H. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Biotype B

AbstractThe percentage infection of secondary symbionts (SS) (Wolbachia, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, Fritschea and Cardinium) in the exotic Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) invaders, commonly known as biotypes B and Q from China, were determined by PCR. In total, 373 biotype B and 1830 biotype Q individuals were screened for the presence of SS. Biotype B was more abundant than biotype Q from 2005 to 2006, and biotype Q was more abundant from 2007 to 2009. Each of the SS, with the exception of Fritschea, was detected in both biotypes B and Q; Fritschea was found in none of the samples examined. For biotype B, the percentage infection of Hamiltonella was the highest (92.0%) followed by Rickettsia (70.2%). For biotype Q, the percentage infection of Hamiltonella was again the highest (73.3%). Arsenophonus was the least common of the SS observed in both biotypes B and Q. The percentage infection of Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Hamiltonella in biotype B was each significantly higher than in biotype Q, whereas the percentage infection of Cardinium in biotype B was significantly lower than in biotype Q. The percentage infection of SS in biotypes B and Q varied from year to year over the period 2005–2009. Furthermore, within biotype Q, two distinct subgroups were identified which differ from each other in terms of their SS complement. We discuss these results in the light of the potentially influential factors and roles of the SS.

scholarly journals Deep Sequencing of Small RNAs in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Reveals Novel MicroRNAs Potentially Associated with Begomovirus Acquisition and Transmission

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Hasegawa ◽  
Md Shamimuzzaman ◽  
Wenbo Chen ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
Zhangjun Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a notorious insect vector that transmits hundreds of plant viruses, affecting food and fiber crops worldwide, and results in the equivalent of billions of U.S. dollars in crop loss annually. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism in virus transmission, we conducted deep sequencing of small RNAs on the whitefly B. tabaci MEAM1 (Middle East-Asia Minor 1) that fed on tomato plants infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Overall, 160 miRNAs were identified, 66 of which were conserved and 94 were B. tabaci-specific. Among the B. tabaci-specific miRNAs, 67 were newly described in the present study. Two miRNAs, with predicted targets encoding a nuclear receptor (Bta05482) and a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 (Bta10702), respectively, were differentially expressed in whiteflies that fed on TYLCV-infected versus uninfected plants. To better understand the regulatory effects of identified miRNAs and their target genes, we correlated expression profiles of miRNAs and their target transcripts and found that, interestingly, miRNA expression was inversely correlated with the expression of ~50% of the predicted target genes. These analyses could serve as a model to study gene regulation in other systems involving arthropod transmission of viruses to plants and animals.

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