scholarly journals The Respiratory Metabolism of Polistes biglumis, a Paper Wasp from Mountainous Regions

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Kovac ◽  
Helmut Käfer ◽  
Anton Stabentheiner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Polistes Biglumis

European Polistine wasps inhabit mainly temperate and warm climate regions. However, the paper wasp Polistes biglumis represents an exception; it resides in mountainous areas, e.g., in the Alps and in the Apennines. In these habitats, the wasps are exposed to a broad temperature range during their lifetime. We investigated whether they developed adaptations in their metabolism to their special climate conditions by measuring their CO2 production. The standard or resting metabolic rate and the metabolism of active wasps was measured in the temperature range which they are exposed to in their habitat in summer. The standard metabolic rate increased in a typical exponential progression with ambient temperature, like in other wasps. The active metabolism also increased with temperature, but not in a simple exponential course. Some exceptionally high values were presumed to originate from endothermy. The simultaneous measurement of body temperature and metabolic rate revealed a strong correlation between these two parameters. The comparison of the standard metabolic rate of Polistes biglumis with that of Polistes dominula revealed a significantly lower metabolism of the alpine wasps. This energy saving metabolic strategy could be an adaptation to the harsh climate conditions, which restricts foraging flights and energy recruitment.

Flight Energetics of Free-Living Sooty Terns

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Flint ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Flight Energetics ◽  
Flight Metabolism ◽  
Sooty Tern ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract The CO2 production of free-ranging Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was measured using doubly labeled water (HTO-18). Metabolic rate during flight was determined to be 4.8 times standard metabolic rate (SMR). This value is much lower than estimates of flight metabolism predicted from previously published equations. Observations of these birds at sea indicate that flapping flight predominated at the windspeeds (0-5 m/s) that prevailed during our measurement periods, so factors other than gliding must account for the comparatively low flight metabolism we measured. Sooty Tern flight metabolism is similar to that of some other birds, such as swallows and swifts, that also have high aspect ratios and low wing loadings.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SEASONAL AND THERMAL ACCLIMATION IN WHITE RATS: I. METABOLIC AND INSULATIVE CHANGES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Héroux ◽  
F. Depocas ◽  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Physiological Adjustments

Physiological adjustments to cold temperature have been compared in white rats exposed either to the outdoor fluctuating environmental conditions or to the indoor constant temperature conditions. While the metabolic adjustments such as increased peak metabolism and decreased shivering were similar in outdoor and indoor rats exposed to cold, the adjustments in insulation and thermoneutral metabolic rates were quite different. The pelage insulation increased in the rats kept outside during the winter but remained unchanged in the rats kept in a constant temperature room maintained at 6 °C. The resting metabolic rate measured at 30 °C increased in the 6 °C acclimated rats but not in the winter-exposed animals. Over the temperature range +30 °C to −15 °C, while the indoor cold-acclimated rats had a higher metabolic rate than their controls acclimated to 30 °C, the winter rats had a lower metabolism than their summer controls.

Thermal regime effects on the resting metabolic rate of rattlesnakes depend on temperature range

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Fabrício-Neto ◽  
Rodrigo Samuel Bueno Gavira ◽  
Denis Vieira Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Range

Metabolism and ventilation in acute hypoxia: a comparative analysis in small mammalian species

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R1040-R1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frappell ◽  
C. Lanthier ◽  
R. V. Baudinette ◽  
J. P. Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
O2 Consumption

O2 consumption (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), and minute ventilation (VE) have been measured during normoxia and hypoxia (10-20 min in 10% O2) in specimens of 27 species from 6 mammalian orders, ranging in body mass (M) from a few grams to several kilograms. In normoxia, both metabolism and VE scaled close to M3/4, VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 therefore being independent of M. In hypoxia, VE/metabolism increased in all species (on average greater than 100%), mostly because of a drop in VO2. On average, VE was 23% above the normoxic value but in some species decreased below normoxia. VO2 dropped in all but one species, on average 35%. Body temperature decreased by variable amounts, usually more in the smallest species. The decrease in metabolism during hypoxia was positively correlated with the resting metabolic rate of the species in a manner very similar to what can be calculated from data of previously studied newborn mammals. Hence hypoxia may decrease metabolic rate by decreasing thermogenesis, with larger effects in smaller animals, whether newborns or adults, because of their higher thermogenic requirements. We conclude that 1) hypoxic hypometabolism is a general characteristic of the mammalian response to hypoxia and cannot be neglected in the interpretation of ventilatory and cardiovascular responses and 2) its magnitude is inversely related to the resting VO2 of the species and therefore could be less prominent or possibly absent in adults of larger species.

COMPARISON BETWEEN SEASONAL AND THERMAL ACCLIMATION IN WHITE RATS: I. METABOLIC AND INSULATIVE CHANGES

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Héroux ◽  
F. Depocas ◽  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Physiological Adjustments

Physiological adjustments to cold temperature have been compared in white rats exposed either to the outdoor fluctuating environmental conditions or to the indoor constant temperature conditions. While the metabolic adjustments such as increased peak metabolism and decreased shivering were similar in outdoor and indoor rats exposed to cold, the adjustments in insulation and thermoneutral metabolic rates were quite different. The pelage insulation increased in the rats kept outside during the winter but remained unchanged in the rats kept in a constant temperature room maintained at 6 °C. The resting metabolic rate measured at 30 °C increased in the 6 °C acclimated rats but not in the winter-exposed animals. Over the temperature range +30 °C to −15 °C, while the indoor cold-acclimated rats had a higher metabolic rate than their controls acclimated to 30 °C, the winter rats had a lower metabolism than their summer controls.

Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Caroline Roberts ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

Validation of Equations for the Prediction of Resting Metabolic Rate in Sri Lankan Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. p9462
Author(s):  
Pathima Fairoosa ◽  
Indu Waidyatilaka ◽  
Maduka de Lanerolle-Dias ◽  
Pujitha Wickramasinghe ◽  
Pulani Lanerolle
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sri Lankan

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
Physical Explanation ◽  
Boltzmann Factor ◽  
Scaling Exponents ◽  
Metabolic Theory Of Ecology

The model of West, Brown & Enquist (WBE) is built on the assumption that the metabolic rate of cells is determined by the architecture of the vascular network that supplies them with oxygen and nutrients. For a fractal-like network, and assuming that evolution has minimised cardiovascular costs, the WBE model predicts that s=metabolism should scale with mass with an exponent, b, of 0.75 at infinite size, and ~ 0.8 at realistic larger sizes. Scaling exponents ~ 0.75 for standard or resting metabolic rate are observed widely, but far from universally, including in some invertebrates with cardiovascular systems very different from that assumed in the WBE model. Data for field metabolic rate in vertebrates typically exhibit b ~ 0.8, which matches the WBE prediction. Addition of a simple Boltzmann factor to capture the effects of body temperature on metabolic rate yields the central equation of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE). The MTE has become an important strand in ecology, and the WBE model is the most widely accepted physical explanation for the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass. Capturing the effect of temperature through a Boltzmann factor is a useful statistical description but too simple to qualify as a complete physical theory of thermal ecology.

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