scholarly journals Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Fluorescent Dusts

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Rik Clymans ◽  
Vincent Van Kerckvoorde ◽  
Tim Beliën ◽  
Dany Bylemans ◽  
Patrick De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Fluorescent Pigment ◽  
General Orientation ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Entomological Research

The marking of Drosophila suzukii can be an important instrument for studying the ecology and behaviour of this economically important fruit pest, aiding the development of new Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools or strategies. There is, however, a need for a cost-effective methodology that provides an easily detectable and stable mark. Whereas fluorescent pigment powders are often used in entomological research, the pigments (series, dyes), application techniques, or doses need to be evaluated for each studied species in terms of their efficacy and possible adverse effects on the performance of the insect. The effectiveness of different application techniques and dyes (RadGlo® TP-series) and their effect on the survival of adult D. suzukii were investigated in the laboratory. Furthermore, the influence of the marking on the behaviour of the flies was examined in laboratory trap assays (olfaction) and a field recapture study (general orientation). The persistence and detectability of the marks was evaluated both on living flies (for different application techniques) and dead flies under trapping/storage conditions. The use of fluorescent powders to mark D. suzukii flies yielded a clearly detectable and highly persistent mark, without any adverse effects on the survival and behaviour of the flies.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Small-Scale Farms in Developed Economies: Challenges and Opportunities

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa R. Grasswitz
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Usa

Small-scale farms are an important component of agricultural production even in developed economies, and have an acknowledged role in providing other biological and societal benefits, including the conservation of agricultural biodiversity and enhancement of local food security. Despite this, the small-farm sector is currently underserved in relation to the development and implementation of scale-appropriate Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices that could help increase such benefits. This review details some of the characteristics of the small farm sectors in developed economies (with an emphasis on the USA and Europe), and identifies some of the characteristics of small farms and their operators that may favor the implementation of IPM. Some of the challenges and opportunities associated with increasing the uptake of IPM in the small-farm sector are discussed. For example, while some IPM tactics are equally applicable to virtually any scale of production, there are others that may be easier (or more cost-effective) to implement on a smaller scale. Conversely, there are approaches that have not been widely applied in small-scale production, but which nevertheless have potential for use in this sector. Examples of such tactics are discussed. Knowledge gaps and opportunities for increasing IPM outreach to small-scale producers are also identified.

scholarly journals Bridging the Information Gap with Cost-Effective Dissemination Strategies: The Case of Integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M. Harris ◽  
George W. Norton ◽  
A.N.M. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Jeffrey Alwang ◽  
Daniel B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Farmer Field Schools ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Effective Dissemination

Cost-effective extension strategies are needed to promote widespread adoption of agricultural technologies in developing countries. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices, for example, can offer economic, health, and environmental benefits but remain largely underused. This study evaluates the current IPM dissemination program implemented by the Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension and uses a linear programming model to examine alternative strategies to improve IPM adoption. Results suggest that technology transfer programs may increase their impact by reallocating funding from intensive but costly interpersonal communication methods (i.e., farmer field schools) to less intensive methods (i.e., mass media and field days) that reach broader audiences.

scholarly journals Effect of integrated pest management module against major sucking pests of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
S. K. Tyagi ◽  
A. R. Khire ◽  
G. S. Kulmi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Punica Granatum L

A field experiment was conducted to assess the performance of IPM module against major sucking pests of pomegranate on seven farmers’ field in the adopted village of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khargone (M.P.) during 2018-19 and 2019-20. IPM module comprised Neem oil 1500 ppm @ 3 ml/lit at first flush of leaf+ Need based spray of Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.25 ml/lit and Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.20 g/liton the rotation of 15 days’. Minimum population of aphids and thrips were recorded in IPM fields and maximum population of the aphids and thrips were recorded in non-IPM fields. Per cent insect control over non-IPM was 50.35% for aphids, and 47.72% for thrips, respectively. Fruit yield for IPM was 156.36 q/ha for both seasons as against 128.43 q/ha in non-IPM. Hence, it may be inferred that IPM module was able to enhance the yield with cost-effective production as against non-IPM.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Integrated Pest Management Dissemination Techniques: A Case Study of Potato Farmers in Carchi, Ecuador

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mauceri ◽  
Jeffrey Alwang ◽  
George Norton ◽  
Victor Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farmer Field Schools ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Field Schools

Potato farmers in Ecuador rely on chemical inputs to manage pests and optimize yields. Integrated pest management techniques lower production costs, reduce pesticide exposure, and improve long-term agricultural sustainability. Public extension does not, however, exist in Ecuador, and cost-effective means of communicating complex messages to producers are needed. We analyze cost-effectiveness of alternative dissemination methods, including farmer field schools (FFS), field days, pamphlets, and word-of-mouth transmission. Field days and pamphlets have strong impacts on adoption, especially considering their low costs. FFS are effective, but expensive. Evidence also indicates significant diffusion from FFS to non-FFS farmers, indicating high complementarity across methods.

Tolerance of Strawberries toColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.malvae, a Mycoherbicide for Control of Round-leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Mortensen ◽  
Roberte M. D. Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Management System ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Viable Option

Tolerance of strawberry toColletotrichum gloeosporioidesf. sp.malvae, (C. g. malvae) a mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow, was tested in the growth chamber and field in an area infested with round-leaved mallow. No visual infections ofC. g. malvaewere observed on inoculated strawberry plants in the growth chamber or field. However,C. g. malvaewas reisolated from inoculated leaves and petioles from both situations, but no adverse effects were observed on strawberry plant development in the growth chamber or on berry yield in the field. Round-leaved mallow competition was detrimental to strawberry establishment, and berry yield was reduced by half compared to weed-free plots. In round-leaved mallow infested plots, treatment withC. g. malvaeresulted in more vigorous strawberry plants, with berry production almost to the level of weed-free. Therefore, use of this mycoherbicide for control of round-leaved mallow in strawberries is a viable option that fits well in an integrated pest management system.

DIFFICULTIES IMPLEMENTING A MODELLING-BASED INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR ALFALFA

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (S143) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Project Staff

AbstractA key element of a project designed for integrated pest management in alfalfa fields in New York State is a comprehensive simulation model. The model was developed as a guide for growers to determine when the costs of control measures against alfalfa weevil would be worthwhile. The model incorporates crop and insect submodels. Optimization techniques were used to identify the more cost effective of the possible management strategies. The project has been an unqualified success from a research standpoint but the results are not widely implemented by growers. In this respect, the project has suffered from institutional problems at the research level, lack of confidence and commitment in extension, and skepticism among growers. To rectify this situation, project staff recently adopted new approaches for implementing the program.

scholarly journals Integrated pest management approaches against Drosophila suzukii

Italus Hortus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nicola Mori ◽  
Manuel Sancassani ◽  
Fernanda Colombari ◽  
Patrizia Dall'Ara ◽  
Matteo Dal Cero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The appearance of Drosophila suzukii in 2009 has strongly affected the cherry cultivation. Prior to SWD invasion, Italian cherry orchards were treated with only two insecticide applications, the first against aphids (Myzus cerasi Sulz.) before flowering and the second against Rhagoletis cerasi, about 20-30 days before harvest. After D. suzukii invasion, additional two-three pre-harvest (close to harvest) insecticide treatments are required, but the number of insecticide applications can increase to 5-8 depending on pest abundance, crop susceptibility and other environmental factors. The intensive use of insecticides poses serious concerns about the presence of residues on fruits exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs), the development of resistance, and negative impacts on the environment beyond beneficials. To obtain a good and sustainable control of D. suzukii the chemical strategies should be coupled with cultural management the use of nets and parasitoids. To achieve good control of the carpophagus it is essential to monitor, as well as the adults with trap lured with blends of fermentig substances, the oviposition on the ripening fruit, because the percentage of infestation is not related to the number of catches in the food traps. Considering the viability of SWD eggs and larvae is lower under dry, warm conditions, cool humid microhabitats should be avoided by pruning to open up the canopy in order to increase airflow on the trees and reduce shading. In addition, the use of mulches reducing standing water can further contribute to the reduction of humidity in fruit orchards. Precision irrigation should also be incorporated to reduce pooling of water on the ground. Mass trapping, placing numerous traps around the perimeter outside fruit fields, is suitable and cost-effective method only for cultivations where the pest pressure is considerably low, if necessary insecticides could be applied to the surface of the traps to function as an attract-and-kill strategy. Among the sustainable protection techniques for the control of D. suzukii, the use of insect-proof nets has proved effective, reducing or completely replacing the use of insecticides in some instances, and providing high levels of exclusion of D. suzukii from the crop. During the ripening season, sanitary measures such as removal of dropped, infested and over-ripe fruits is suggested. The collection and treatment of infested fruit through sun exposure, disposal in closed containers, crushing, low temperature treatments, bagging and burying, to destroy D. suzukii eggs and larvae are Fig. 6 - Tecniche di produzione integrata per il contenimento di Drosophila suzukii Fig. 6 - Integrated production techniques for Drosophila suzukii control Integrated pest management against D. suzukii 73 essential IPM procedures to limit the infestation of healthy fruit. The augmentative release of parasitoids and conservation biocontrol of generalist predators, potentially, could contribute to the integrated management of D. suzukii populations, especially in natural habitats close to commercial crops, however further work on the effectiveness of native parasitoids and generalist predators in Europe and the USA, in the field, is required. In this paper, the integration of different tools for D. suzukii control will be discussed, in order to develop effective, eco-friendly and practical strategies in the management of the pest on cherry

scholarly journals Residual Toxicity of Some Pesticides on the Larval Ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon Hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
Chemical Materials

Abstract Habrobracon hebetor Say is an idiobiont and gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of many moths. In this study, the effects of field recommended concentrations (FRC) of seven biorational and conventional pesticides in cotton fields (imidacloprid, thiacloprid, deltamethrin, thiodicarb, carbaryl, abamectin and spinosad) were studied on the larval ectoparasitoid, H. hebetor. Exposure cages were used for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory at 26±1°C, 60±5% relative humidity (RH) and with a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Experiments were done in three replications. The results showed that all pesticide treatments had significant differences compared to the control treatment. The results also showed that synthetic and biorational pesticides had lower toxicity than conventional pesticides. We demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiacloprid had lower adverse effects on the parasitoid and could be used as compatible chemical materials with the parasitoid in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Natural Product Chemistry for Integrated Pest Management of Drosophila suzukii

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 626-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Keesey ◽  
Nanji Jiang ◽  
Jerrit Weißflog ◽  
Robert Winz ◽  
Aleš Svatoš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Natural Product Chemistry ◽  
Product Chemistry

scholarly journals Wolbachia pipientis associated to tephritid fruit fly pests: from basic research to applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Mateos ◽  
Humberto Martinez ◽  
Silvia B. Lanzavecchia ◽  
Claudia Conte ◽  
Karina Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Tephritid Species

AbstractMembers of the true fruit flies (family Tephritidae) are among the most serious agricultural pests worldwide, whose control and management demands large and costly international efforts. The need for cost-effective and environmentally-friendly integrated pest management (IPM) has led to the development and implementation of autocidal control strategies. Autocidal approaches include the widely used sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT). IIT relies on maternally transmitted bacteria (namely Wolbachia), to cause a conditional sterility in crosses between released mass-reared Wolbachia-infected males and wild females, which are either uninfected or infected with a different Wolbachia strain (i.e., cytoplasmic incompatibility; CI). Herein, we review the current state of knowledge on Wolbachia-tephritid interactions including infection prevalence in wild populations, phenotypic consequences, and their impact on life history traits. Numerous pest tephritid species are reported to harbor Wolbachia infections, with a subset exhibiting high prevalence. The phenotypic effects of Wolbachia have been assessed in very few tephritid species, due in part to the difficulty of manipulating Wolbachia infection (removal or transinfection). Based on recent methodological advances (high-throughput DNA sequencing) and a breakthrough concerning the mechanistic basis of CI, we suggest research avenues that could accelerate generation of necessary knowledge for the potential use of Wolbachia-based IIT in area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) strategies for the population control of tephritid pests.

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