scholarly journals Distribution of Galepsus spp. in Southern Africa and Life History of Galepsus lenticularis (Mantodea: Tarachodidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Bianca Greyvenstein ◽  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Nicolas Moulin ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
First Record ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Mean

Galepsus Stäl is a genus within the Mantodea and has hardly been studied in Africa. The distribution of the Galepsus genus in Southern Africa was established, based on insect collection records, and the biology of Galepsus (Lygdamia) lenticularis Saussure, was studied. In Southern Africa, 11 species of Galepsus were recorded. The first record of Galepsus (Onychogalepsus) centralis Beier, in South Africa was recorded during this study. The mean number of eggs per ootheca was 49.8 (±21.1) and unfertilized oothecae were significantly shorter and contained fewer eggs than hatched and unhatched oothecae, suggesting that females might invest fewer resources into production of oothecae that will not produce prodigy. No parthenogenesis was observed during this study. Although the mean duration of the male and female nymphal stages were similar, longevity of adult females (91.2 ± 35.0 days) was three times longer than that of males (26.3 ± 15.4 days). This phenomenon as well as the long period (20 ± 14.1 days) between oviposition of different oothecae, and duration of the incubation period (20.25 ± 6.3 days) suggests a survival strategy to reduce competition between siblings. Total longevity of males (166.9 ± 38.8) and females (252.9 ± 54.2) differed significantly. This study provides information on the distribution of Galepsus spp. in Southern Africa and describes the biology of G. lenticularis under captive breeding conditions, and contributes to the understanding of various biological aspects of G. lenticularis which has never been studied before.

scholarly journals ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN PARAMETER POPULASI UDANG JINGA (Metapenaeus affinis H. Milne Edwards, 1837) DI PERAIRAN KOTABARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Tirtadanu Tirtadanu ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Ali Suman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Mean

Udang jinga (Metapenaeus affinis H. Milne Edwards, 1837) merupakan salah satu jenis udang ekonomis penting yang diusahakan di perairan Kotabaru dan saat ini produksinya cenderung mengalami penurunan. Salah satu data dan informasi yang diperlukan dalam mengkaji tingkat pemanfaatan dan dasar pengelolaannya adalah aspek biologi dan parameter populasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aspek biologi dan parameter populasi udang jinga sebagai bahan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan udang di perairan Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari – November 2016 di perairan Kotabaru. Parameter pertumbuhan diestimasi berdasarkan pergeseran modus struktur ukuran panjang dengan metode ELEFAN I. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran udang jinga (M. affinis) betina yang tertangkap adalah 23,6 ± 3,45 mmCL dengan modus ukuran 24 mmCL dan rata-rata ukuran udang jantan adalah 20,7 ± 2,9 mm dengan modus ukuran 18 mmCL. Nisbah kelamin udang jinga jantan dan betina adalah 1 : 2,5. Musim pemijahan udang jinga diduga berlangsung sepanjang tahun dan puncak pada bulan Maret. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) udang lebih kecil dari ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) (21,7 < 28,5 mm CL) sehingga sebagian besar udang tertangkap berukuran kecil dan belum memijah. Persamaan pertumbuhan udang jinga jantan  CL(t)=35,95(1-e-2.02(t+0,31) dan udang jinga betina CL(t)= 38,3(1-e-1,92(t+0,29)). Tingkat pemanfaatan udang (E) menunjukkan lebih tangkap (overfishing) yakni 0,70/tahun pada jantan dan 0,73/tahun pada betina. Dengan demikian disarankan untuk melakukan pengurangan upaya penangkapan sebesar 40% dan penutupan musim penangkapan di bulan Maret.The jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis H. Milne Edwards, 1837) was one of important commodity that was exploited in Kotabaru Waters, yet the production tend to be declined recently. The data and information on biological aspects and population parameters are needed to investigate the exploitation level and the basis of management measures. This research aims to investigate the biological aspects and population parameters of jinga shrimp Kotabaru waters, South of Kalimantan. This research was conducted on January – November 2016. The growth parameters were estimated as movement of length frequency mode by ELEFAN I method. The results showed that the mean size of female jinga shrimp (M. affinis) was 23,6 ± 3,45 mm CL and the mode was 24 mmCL. While, the mean size of male jinga shrimp was 20,7 ± 2.9 mm CL and the mode was 18 mmCL. The sex ratio of male and female shrimp was 1 : 2,5 . Spawning season of jinga shrimp was estimated throughout the year and the peak was in March. The length at first captured (Lc) was shorter than length at first matured (Lm) (21,7 < 28,5 mm CL). That means most of the catches was immature. The growth function of male and female jinga shrimp were and, CL(t)=35,95(1-e-2.02(t+0,31) respectively and CL(t)= 38,3(1-e-1,92(t+0,29)). The exploitation rate (E) of male and female shrimp fishing were  0,70/year 0,73/year, respectively. The reduction of fishing effort needed by 40% of the actual combined with the temporal fishing closure March.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

scholarly journals On the Binarity of the F0p Magnetic Stars ϒ Equ and 49 Cam

1999 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Mkrtichian ◽  
N.N. Samus ◽  
N.A. Gorynya ◽  
P. North ◽  
A.P. Hatzes
Keyword(s):  
Binary Star ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Eccentricity ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Magnetic Stars ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Binary Orbit ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The magnetic field investigations of the rapidly-oscillating (ro)Ap star ϒ Equ show a very long magnetic (rotational) period of about 74 years (Leroy et al. 1994; Bychkov & Shtol 1997). No significant changes of radial velocities were detected during the history of investigations of this star. Recently, Scholz et al. (1997) (hereafter S97) reported a rapid increase of radial velocity (RV) of ϒ Equ from the mean value of -16.81 km s−1 up to a maximum at -4.28 km s−1 within the interval JD 2449608 – JD 2450356, and suggested that ϒ Equ is a long-period binary star with high eccentricity. Such a probable discovery of binary motion of ϒ Equ is very interesting, since it opens the possibility to compare asteroseismic parameters of the star with those obtained from the binary orbit.

GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION, CLASSIFICATION, RECONSTRUCTED PHYLOGENY, AND GEOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF THECICINDELA SEXGUTTATAGROUP (COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Kaulbars ◽  
Richard Freitag
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
History Of

AbstractA systematic review was conducted for theCicindela sexguttatagroup taxa. Comparative methods of examination were applied to adult structural and ecological characters for purposes of taxa diagnoses, and to establish a basis for the derivation of the group’s history.Based on 13 adult exoskeletal characters and 25 tests on populations throughout the group’s geographical range, a discriminant analysis identifies the most significant characters as being elytral maculation, body size, pilosity of the stipes, and number of sensory setae on the antennal scape. In addition, selected characters of the male and female genitalia are shown to identify all taxa within the group. Among biological comparisons the different number of mature eggs found in adult females ofC.sexguttataFabricius andC.denikeiBrown indicates that their fecundity differs; and the larval burrow ofC.denikeiopens directly beneath rocks and stones, a habit unique inCicindela. Seasonality profiles of taxa appear to be dictated by geographical location, and by phylogeny to a smaller degree. Species–soils associations indicate thatC.sexguttatahas a strong affinity to warm, moist and loamy soils, butC.denikeiis correlated with sandy, silty till. For all species of the group, habitats occupied and limits of distribution to eastern Canada and the United States appear to be governed by soil and forest types.Three species of the group are recognized:C.sexguttataconsisting of geographical populations varying considerably in adult characteristics and the problematic formC.harrisiiLeng which may be considered a cryptic species;C.denikei; andC.patruelaDejean consisting of two subspeciesC.p.patruelaandC.p.consentaneaDejean.A reconstructed phylogeny of theC.sexguttatagroup based on methods of Hennig (1966) alliesC.sexguttataandC.denikeias sister species, andC.patruelaas an earlier lineage. Recognized as a stem group of theC.purpureacomplex, theC.sexguttatagroup is postulated to have had its origins in forested eastern North America during the Late Miocene. Speciations ofC.patruelaand lineageC.sexguttata–C.denikeiare perceived to have occurred in the Pliocene, followed by speciations ofC.sexguttataandC.denikeiin the Late Pleistocene effected by continental ice mass advances and recessions.

The Carpal Boss

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FUSI ◽  
H. K. WATSON ◽  
C. B. CUONO
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bony Abnormality

Between 1969 and 1989,116 patients were evaluated and treated surgically for symptomatic carpal boss. Their mean age was 32 years and male and female patients were equally affected. 28 patients gave a history of previous injury. Surgical treatment consisted of excision of the localized bony abnormality and the associated degenerative arthritic process to the level of normal articular surfaces and normal adjacent cancellous bone. The mean follow-up period for the patients in this study was 42 months. Complete symptomatic relief was observed in 94% of the patients undergoing surgical treatment. Recurrence or persistence of symptoms developed in seven surgical patients. Six had a second operation with more extensive removal of sclerotic bone and degenerate cartilage, and all patients had relief of symptoms.

A note on Combretum subgenus Combretum section Macrostigmatea (Com-bretaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
E. F. Hennessy ◽  
S. Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
First Record ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
History Of

The history of Combretum section Macrostigmatea, its circumscription and its representation in the Flora of southern Africa region are provided. A specimen from northern Botswana, Miller B/1199. initially misidentified as C. engleri. is shown to be C. kirkii, the first record of this taxon in the  FSA region.  Combretum mkuzense is placed in synonymy in C.  zeyheri section Spathulipetala.

scholarly journals Factors determining conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Tapash Kumar Maitra ◽  
Mahmud Ekramullah ◽  
Faruquzzaman ◽  
Samiran Kumar Mondol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Open Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Cystic Artery ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Previous Abdominal Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background and objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has virtually replaced conventional open cholecystectomy (OC) as the standard procedure of treatment for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. However, OC sometimes becomes a necessity considering the feasibility and safety of the surgical procedure. But the factors that demand conversion from LC to OC differ widely. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of conversion from LC to OC and to assess the causes of conversion and risk factors related to conversion.Methods: The study was conducted in a referral hospital – ‘Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM)’ from September 2014 to September 2016. Cases of cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis, and other gall bladder pathology were included in the study. A team of experienced surgeon performed LC of all selected cases. The causes of conversion to OC were systematically recorded by the surgical team and the risk factors (age, sex, obesity, history of previous abdominal surgery, gallbladder thickness) related to conversion from LC to OC was investigated.Results: A total of 261 (M / F = 87 /174) patients were considered eligible for the study. The mean age of all patients was 43 (±1.75) years. For the male and female groups the mean ages were 44±1.9 and 42±1.6 years respectively. Of the total 261 cases, 210 (80.5%) patients had cholelithiasis with chronic cholecystitis, 47 (18.0%) had gallbladder stone plus acute cholecystitis and 4 (1.5%) had gallbladder polyp. Open conversion was required in case of 19 patients. Thus, overall conversion rate was 7.3%. The common causes of conversion were a) difficulty in defining Calot’s triangle (42.1%), b) injury to cystic artery (21.1%) and c) injury to bile duct (15.8%). Both male and female had equal risk for conversion. The investigated risk factors like history of previous abdominal surgery, preoperative ERCP, acute cholecystitis, obesity, increased gallbladder-wall thickness and older age showed no significant association with conversion.Conclusion: The study revealed that a very few patents (7.5%) needed conversion from LC to OC. The commonest cause of conversion was difficulty in defining Calot’s triangle, injury to cystic artery and bile duct. The risk factors like previous abdominal surgery, preoperative ERCP, gallbladder wall thickness, obesity and old age were not found associated with conversion to OC.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(2): 32-35

scholarly journals Life history of the false flower mantid (Harpagomantis tricolor Linnaeus, 1758) (Mantodea: Galinthiadidae) and its distribution in southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Bianca Greyvenstein ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Duration Of Copulation ◽  
The Mean

The false flower mantid is the common name for the Mantodea species Harpagomantis tricolor (Linnaeus, 1758). This species uses camouflage as a defense mechanism. Limited information (Kaltenbach 1996, 1998) exists on its distribution in southern Africa or about its life history. This species, and Mantodea to an extent, are not usually included in biodiversity studies from this region. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of this species in southern Africa based on museum collection records and to study the biology of Harpagomantis tricolor under captive breeding conditions. The distribution of Harpagomantis and its morphological variety, i.e., discolor, were determined utilising the historical insect collection records of seven national museums throughout South Africa. Field collected H. tricolor males and females were mated and reared under laboratory conditions to record their life history parameters of nymphal duration, oothecae structure, size and incubation duration, adult longevity, and sex ratio. The results of this study indicate that the mean duration of the lifecycle of H. tricolor is 191.33 ± 37.96 days. All but three H. tricolor individuals had five nymphal instars, and the mean duration of the nymphal stage was 140.20 ± 31.03 days. The mean duration of copulation was six hours, while the average incubation period of oothecae was 144.71 ± 9.33 days. These results indicate that oothecae of H. tricolor probably overwinter under field conditions and that males of this species have evolved various mechanisms to increase the likelihood of ensuring their own genetic offspring. This study bridges the gap in rudimental research in which Mantodea, in general, has been overlooked and establishes a basis on which ecological interactions, habitat preferences, and imminent threats to H. tricolor can be established.

scholarly journals Diversity of Insect Flower Visitors of Xylopia aromatica (Magnoliales, Annonaceae) in a Brazilian Savanna

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Fábio Pinheiro Saravy ◽  
Karl-L. Schuchmann ◽  
Marinez I. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
New Information ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Area X

Small beetles are important pollinators of Annonaceae whose flower chambers are small and have diurnal and/or nocturnal anthesis. The pollinators of these flowers belong to the families Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidae, and Curculionidae. In this study, the first conducted in the Cerrado of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil, the behavior of the insect flower visitors of Xylopia aromatica was observed, in both the field and the laboratory. The chambers of 253 flowers were collected from 11 plants, and the biological aspects of their visitors were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The most abundant visitors were thrips and beetles. Coleoptera was represented by four morphospecies occurring frequently in the floral chambers (>70% of individuals). Among beetles, one species belonged to Nitidulidae (Cillaeinae, Conotelus sp. 1) and two belonged to Staphylinidae (Aleocharinae sp. 1 and Aleocharinae sp. 2). These three morphospecies of small elongate beetles have setae where pollen may adhere. In addition, they were present on both male and female phases of the flowers, indicating potential cross-pollination. In the study area, X. aromatica possesses mixed pollination promoted by Thysanoptera and small Nitidulidae and Staphylinidae beetles. This study brings the first record of Lamprosomatinae (Chrysomelidae) and, especially, of Conotelus (Nitidulidae) in the flower chambers of X. aromatica, with new information on behavior of floral visitors coupled with their morphological traits that may promote cross-pollination in this plant species.

The effect of handling and blood removal on plasma levels and hepatic deiodination of thyroid hormones in adult male and female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J Todd ◽  
J Geoffrey Eales
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean

We studied the effects of handling and blood removal (0.4% of body mass) on the thyroid system of fasted ~1000-g adult male and female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, over a 3-day period. Relative to undisturbed controls, bleeding lowered the mean hematocrit (HCT) by 19% and on day 1 increased the hepatic inner-ring deiodination of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (T3IRD), but did not alter thyroxine (T4) outer-ring deiodination (T4ORD) or inner-ring deiodination (T4IRD) activity or plasma T4 or T3 levels. Regardless of treatment, hepatic T4ORD activity and HCT were lower in females than in males, and over the 3 days following bleeding, the plasma T3 level increased and the plasma T4 level decreased progressively for both sexes. We conclude that handling and bleeding induce a temporary increase in hepatic T3 conversion to 3,3'-diiodothyronine with no change in T4 conversion to reverse T3. This is consistent with independent control of T3IRD and T4IRD activities. Furthermore, HCT and hepatic T4ORD activity are lower in adult females, and 10 days after transfer of trout to smaller tanks, plasma T4 and T3 levels may still be adjusting.

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