scholarly journals Unraveling the Genetic Structure of the Coconut Scale Insect Pest (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) Outbreak Populations in the Philippines

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Joeselle M. Serrana ◽  
Naoto Ishitani ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
Billy Joel M. Almarinez ◽  
Alberto T. Barrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
History Of

Despite the fact that massive outbreaks of the coconut scale insect pest, Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are inflicting significant economic losses to the Philippines’ coconut industry, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the country. Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of A. rigidus sampled from localities with reported outbreaks from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed the genetic structure of the outbreak populations using mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α markers. Both markers and all methods of population genetic structure analyses indicate clear differentiation among the A. rigidus populations separating the north from the southern regions of the Philippines. Very low or no genetic differentiation was observed within and amongst the populations per geographic region indicating two unrelated outbreak events of the pest originating from two genetically uniform populations isolated in each respective region. Historical data supports the resurgence of an established A. rigidus population in the south which could have been driven by sudden climatic changes or human-induced habitat imbalance. Our study provides valuable information on the genetic differentiation of the two A. rigidus groups that would be useful for developing and implementing biological control strategies against this pest in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Unraveling the genetic structure of the coconut scale insect pest (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) outbreak populations in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeselle M. Serrana ◽  
Naoto Ishitani ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
Billy Joel M. Almarinez ◽  
Alberto T. Barrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe Philippines suffered from a devastating outbreak of the coconut scale insect pest, Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne inflicting significant economic losses to the country’s coconut industry. Despite the massive outbreak, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the Philippines. Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of A. rigidus sampled from localities with reported outbreaks from 2014 to 2017. We analyzed the genetic structure of seven A. rigidus outbreak populations using mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α markers. Both markers and all methods of population genetic structure analyses indicate clear differentiation among the A. rigidus populations separating the northern (i.e., Luzon provinces) from the southern (i.e., Basilan and Zamboanga Peninsula) regions of the Philippines. Very low or no genetic differentiation was observed within and amongst the populations per geographic region indicating two unrelated outbreak events of the pest originating from two genetically uniform populations isolated in each respective region. Historical data supports the resurgence of an established A. rigidus population in the south which could have been driven by sudden climatic changes or human-induced habitat imbalance. Given no historical information, we disregard the possible resurgence from the northern population and infer that the outbreak could have resulted from a recent introduction of a non-native A. rigidus in the region. Our study provides valuable information on the genetic differentiation of the two A. rigidus groups that would be useful for developing and implementing biological control strategies against this pest in the Philippines.

Genetic variability and demographic history of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Albernaz ◽  
K.L. Silva-Brandão ◽  
P. Fresia ◽  
F.L. Cônsoli ◽  
C. Omoto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history of Heliothis virescens (F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxII and nad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima's D and Fu's FS parameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion of H. virescens populations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation among H. virescens populations within Brazil.

scholarly journals The Genetic History of France

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Saint Pierre ◽  
Joanna Giemza ◽  
Matilde Karakachoff ◽  
Isabel Alves ◽  
Philippe Amouyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exhaustive Study

ABSTRACTThe study of the genetic structure of different countries within Europe has provided significant insights into their demographic history and their actual stratification. Although France occupies a particular location at the end of the European peninsula and at the crossroads of migration routes, few population genetic studies have been conducted so far with genome-wide data. In this study, we analyzed SNP-chip genetic data from 2 184 individuals born in France who were enrolled in two independent population cohorts. Using FineStructure, six different genetic clusters of individuals were found that were very consistent between the two cohorts. These clusters match extremely well the geography and overlap with historical and linguistic divisions of France. By modeling the relationship between genetics and geography using EEMS software, we were able to detect gene flow barriers that are similar in the two cohorts and corresponds to major French rivers or mountains. Estimations of effective population sizes using IBDNe program also revealed very similar patterns in both cohorts with a rapid increase of effective population sizes over the last 150 generations similar to what was observed in other European countries. A marked bottleneck is also consistently seen in the two datasets starting in the fourteenth century when the Black Death raged in Europe. In conclusion, by performing the first exhaustive study of the genetic structure of France, we fill a gap in the genetic studies in Europe that would be useful to medical geneticists but also historians and archeologists.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity in Twisted-Jaw Fish, Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng, 1999 (Siluriformes: Siluridae), from Mekong Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surapon Yodsiri ◽  
Komgrit Wongpakam ◽  
Adisak Ardharn ◽  
Chadaporn Senakun ◽  
Sutthira Khumkratok
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Food Source

The Mekong River and its tributaries possess the second highest diversity in fish species in the world. However, the fish biodiversity in this river is threatened by several human activities, such as hydropower plant construction. Understanding the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species is important for natural resource management. Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng is endemic to the Mekong River basin and is an important food source for people in this area. In this study, the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of the twisted-jaw fish, B. truncatus, were investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. A total of 124 fish specimens were collected from 10 locations in the Mekong and its tributaries. Relatively high genetic diversity was found in populations of B. truncatus compared to other catfish species in the Mekong River. The genetic structure analysis revealed that a population from the Chi River in Thailand was genetically significantly different from other populations, which is possibly due to the effect of genetic drift. Demographic history analysis indicated that B. truncatus has undergone recent demographic expansion dating back to the end of the Pleistocene glaciation.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Demographic History of New World Screwworm Across Its Current Geographic Range

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Fresia ◽  
Mariana L. Lyra ◽  
Alfredo Coronado ◽  
Ana Maria L. De Azeredo-Espin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
New World ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
History Of
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