scholarly journals Ozone Effectiveness on Wheat Weevil Suppression: Preliminary Research

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Lemic ◽  
Jembrek ◽  
Bažok ◽  
Pajač Živković
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Potential Methods

Insect infestations within stored product facilities are a major concern to livestock and human food industries. Insect infestations in storage systems can result in economic losses of up to 20%. Furthermore, the presence of insects and their waste and remains in grain and stored foods may pose a health risk to humans and livestock. At present, pests in commercial storage are managed by a combination of different methods ranging from cleaning and cooling to treatment of the stored material with contact insecticides or fumigation. The availability of pesticides for the treatment of grain and other stored products is decreasing owing, in some cases, to environmental and safety concerns among consumers and society, thus emphasizing the need for alternative eco-friendly pest control methods. One of the potential methods is the use of ozone. Although the mechanism of action of ozone on insects is not completely known, the insect’s respiratory system is a likely the target of this gas. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of ozone in the suppression of adult wheat weevils Sitophilus granarius. In the experiments conducted, different durations of ozone exposure were tested. In addition to ozone toxicity, the walking response and velocity of wheat weevils were investigated. The results showed the harmful effects of ozone on these insects. In addition to mortality, ozone also had negative effects on insect speed and mobility. The efficiency of the ozone treatment increased with increasing ozone exposure of insects. The ability of ozone to reduce the walking activity and velocity of treated insects is a positive feature in pest control in storage systems, thereby reducing the possibility of insects escaping from treated objects. The results of this investigation suggest that ozone has the potential to become a realistic choice for suppressing harmful insects in storage systems for humans and livestock, either alone or as a complement to other control methods.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Smoke Taint in Cabernet Sauvignon Wine via Post-Harvest Ozonation of Grapes

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Margherita Modesti ◽  
Colleen Szeto ◽  
Renata Ristic ◽  
WenWen Jiang ◽  
Julie Culbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Volatile Phenols ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Marker Compounds

Strategies that mitigate the negative effects of vineyard exposure to smoke on wine composition and sensory properties are needed to address the recurring incidence of bushfires in or near wine regions. Recent research demonstrated the potential for post-harvest ozonation of moderately smoke-exposed grapes to reduce both the concentration of smoke taint marker compounds (i.e., volatile phenols and their glycosides) and the perceived intensity of smoke taint in wine, depending on the dose and duration of ozone treatment. The current study further evaluated the efficacy of ozonation as a method for the amelioration of smoke taint in wine by comparing the chemical and sensory consequences of post-harvest ozonation (at 1 ppm for 24 h) of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes following grapevine exposure to dense smoke, i.e., ozone treatment of more heavily tainted grapes. Ozonation again yielded significant reductions in the concentration of free and glycosylated volatile phenols—up to 25% and 30%, respectively. However, although the intensities of smoke-related sensory attributes were generally lower in wines made with smoke-exposed grapes that were ozonated (compared to wines made with smoke-exposed grapes that were not ozonated), the results were not statistically significant. This suggests that the efficacy of ozone treatment depends on the extent to which grapes have been tainted by smoke.

scholarly journals Sudden death associated with Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: importance and epidemiological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
Flávio H.B. Caldeira ◽  
Geovanny B.G. Dias ◽  
Felipe P. de Arruda ◽  
Valdecy de M. Lourenço ◽  
Kalinne S. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Araguaia River ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Plant Control

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of an acute disease that was characterized by sudden death associated with exercise that affected cattle in the region of the Araguaia River, especially in the municipality of Torixoréu, southeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Between August and September 2013, eighty farms in the municipality were visited and the pastures of these farms were inspected. Epidemiological questionnaires were completed from 65 farms. A plant identified as Niedenzuella stannea (N. stannea) of the Malpighiaceae family was attributed to the cause of sudden death in cattle, what causes major economic losses. Sudden death reports have occurred since 1970, when livestock was introduced into the region, and sudden death reports still occur. Outbreaks were reported to occur from May to October, but mainly during the dry season between June and August. N. stannea was identified at 41 farms and was always found in near to rivers. The most effective plant control methods included plowing the pastures and fields followed by manual application of Tordon® (Picloram and 2.4D). The administration of 5g/kg of young leaves which were collected from a farm with a sudden death history in cattle also caused sudden death in a sheep. Thus, it is concluded that the sudden death of cattle in the region of the Araguaia River is caused by the consumption of N. stannea.

scholarly journals The Management Response to Wind Disturbances in European Forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sanginés de Cárcer ◽  
Piotr S. Mederski ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Benjamin Engler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Forest Ownership ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Disturbance Management ◽  
Timber Market

Abstract Purpose of the Review The review synthesises the current knowledge of post-windstorm management in selected European countries in order to identify knowledge gaps and guide future research. Recent Findings Despite the differences in forest ownership and national regulations, management experiences in Europe converge at (1) the need for mechanization of post-windthrow management to ensure operator safety, (2) the importance to promote operator training and optimise the coordination between all the actors involved in disturbance management and (3) the need to implement measures to consolidate the timber market while restoring forest ecosystem services and maintain biodiversity. Summary Windstorms are natural disturbances that drive forest dynamics but also result in socio-economic losses. As the frequency and magnitude of wind disturbances will likely increase in the future, improved disturbance management is needed. We here highlight the best practices and remaining challenges regarding the strategic, operational, economic and environmental dimensions of post-windthrow management in Europe. Our literature review underlined that post-disturbance management needs to be tailored to each individual situation, taking into account the type of forest, site conditions, available resources and respective legislations. The perspectives on windthrown timber differ throughout Europe, ranging from leaving trees on site to storing them in sophisticated wet storage facilities. Salvage logging is considered important in forests susceptible to bark beetle outbreaks, while no salvage logging is recommended in forests protecting against natural hazards. Remaining research gaps include questions of balancing between the positive and negative effects of salvage logging and integrating climate change considerations more explicitly in post-windthrow management.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality and Microbial Activity of Dairy Milk with Ozonation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Dodik Suprapto ◽  
Lilik Eka Radiati ◽  
Chanif Mahdi ◽  
Herly Evanuarini
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Dairy Milk

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone exposure to the physicochemical and microbial activity in dairy milk. The research material was fresh milk from dairy cows and ozone was produced by commercial ozone generator brand HANACO, production capacity up to 0.702 mg/min at 24-27ºC with oxygen source coming from ambient air in the nature. The experiment used ozone treatments for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min with variable of analysis such as density, protein, fat, electrical resistance, total plate count, and malondialdehyde which was analyzed using One Way Annova. The results showed that ozone treatment had no significant effect on the density, protein and fat in dairy milk, but had significant (P<0.05) effect on the electrical resistance, total plate count, and production of malondialdehyde. Electrical resistance and malondialdehyde were increased, while total plate count was decreased over time with the ozone exposure. Ozonation is possible to reducing yield loss on milk production that is caused by microbial activity without changing the physicochemical properties of dairy milk.

scholarly journals On certain issues related to chronic exposure to occupational noise and impacts exerted by it on workers’ bodies (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
V.F. Spirin ◽  
◽  
A.M. Starshov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Work Related

Chronic exposure to noise becomes especially significant when it occurs at workplaces since it results not only in deteriorated life quality of workers but also in disorders in their occupational activities. Occupational sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) holds the 1st rank place among occupational diseases caused by exposure to industrial physical factors. As any other work-related disease, sensorineural hearing loss makes it more difficult to preserve labor resources in the country and leads to significant economic losses. Given that, it is extremely vital to develop procedures for early diagnostics, to determine all possible risks that cause hearing loss directly or indirectly, and to create efficient prevention activities aimed at preserving health of workers exposed to noise at their workplaces. We reviewed literature data published over the last 5–7 years and analyzed more than 100 scientific works on the matter. Our review covers data from 61 sources that are the most relevant regarding tasks we aimed to solve in this research. Literature analysis allowed us to conclude that hearing loss caused by chronic exposure to noise at a workplace was a rather significant problem outlined by occupational medicine experts all over the world. It was shown that noise factor, apart from its direct impacts on the acoustic apparatus, produced apparent negative effects on many organs and systems causing various functional disorders in them which could directly or indirectly exacerbate hearing loss in workers.

Alterations in honey bee gut microorganisms caused byNosemaspp. and pest control methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiri Diaz ◽  
Ek del-Val ◽  
Ricardo Ayala ◽  
John Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
Pest Control Methods

An Overview of Hard and Soft Ticks and Their Control Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-194
Author(s):  
Charles Muleke Inyagwa ◽  
Frederick Ojiambo Obonyo ◽  
Donald Lubembe Mukolwe ◽  
Eric O. Mungube
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Unconventional Methods

Ticks are important ectoparasites of livestock in tropical and sub-tropical countries. They are responsible for the enormous economic losses both through the direct effects of blood sucking and indirectly as vectors of disease pathogens and toxins. Morphologically, ticks are classified into two families known as Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks). In this chapter, the authors provide a description of the soft and hard ticks. Emphasis is laid on the genera morphology, species, mammalian hosts, and distribution and the diseases transmitted by the ticks species. Various methods for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases using chemicals are described. A broad range of chemical acaricides used for the control of ticks on livestock are described. Conventional methods and unconventional methods for applying acaricides to protect livestock against ticks are described. Alternative methods for tick control are described. Only the most important hard and soft ticks and associated diseases are discussed within the limits of this review.

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