scholarly journals Creating the Urban Farmer’s Almanac with Citizen Science Data

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Prudic ◽  
J. Keaton Wilson ◽  
Michelle C. Toshack ◽  
Katharine L. Gerst ◽  
Alyssa Rosemartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Management Decision Making

Agriculture has long been a part of the urban landscape, from gardens to small scale farms. In recent decades, interest in producing food in cities has grown dramatically, with an estimated 30% of the global urban population engaged in some form of food production. Identifying and managing the insect biodiversity found on city farms is a complex task often requiring years of study and specialization, especially in urban landscapes which have a complicated tapestry of fragmentation, diversity, pollution, and introduced species. Supporting urban growers with relevant data informs insect management decision-making for both growers and their neighbors, yet this information can be difficult to come by. In this study, we introduced several web-based citizen science programs that can connect growers with useful data products and people to help with the who, what, where, and when of urban insects. Combining the power of citizen science volunteers with the efforts of urban farmers can result in a clearer picture of the diversity and ecosystem services in play, limited insecticide use, and enhanced non-chemical alternatives. Connecting urban farming practices with citizen science programs also demonstrates the ecosystem value of urban agriculture and engages more citizens with the topics of food production, security, and justice in their communities.

scholarly journals A continental measure of urbanness predicts avian response to local urbanization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Thomas Callaghan ◽  
Richard E. Major ◽  
William K. Cornwell ◽  
Ailstair G. B. Poore ◽  
John Wilshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific

Understanding species-specific relationships with their environment is essential for ecology, biogeography, and conservation biology. Moreover, understanding how these relationships change with spatial scale is critical to mitigating potential threats to biodiversity. But methods which measure inter-specific variation in responses to environmental parameters, generalizable across multiple spatial scales, are lacking. We used broad-scale citizen science data, over a continental scale, integrated with remotely-sensed products, to produce a measure of response to urbanization for a given species at a continental-scale. We then compared these responses to modelled responses to urbanization at a local-scale, based on systematic sampling within a series of small cities. For 49 species which had sufficient data for modelling, we found a significant relationship (R2 = 0.51) between continental-scale urbanness and local-scale urbanness. Our results suggest that continental-scale responses are representative of small-scale responses to urbanization. We also found that relatively few citizen science observations (~250) are necessary for reliable estimates of continental-scale urban scores to predict local-scale response to urbanization. Our method of producing species-specific urban scores is robust and can be generalized to other taxa and other environmental variables with relative ease.

MODEL AND ALGORITHMS FOR OBTAINING OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FOR ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT WITH SMALL BATCH PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
K. V. Sokolov ◽  
N. E. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Modern Technologies

With the intensive development of modern technologies and competition for the execution of orders there is a need in the shortest possible time to find and implement optimal solutions for the management of the entire production cycle. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account a large number of initial data that have an impact on production and on the entire socio-economic system of the enterprise. Providing intellectual support to the decision-maker in the management of especially enterprises with a large range of small-scale production is now especially important. The authors developed and built a mathematical model of the description of the management system and management decision-making in enterprises with a single and small-scale production. Within the framework of this task, the optimization criterion is selected and the limitations in the system are determined. Developed algorithms and software to implement computer modeling and obtain optimal values for decision-making on the production and management of the enterprise in particularly difficult conditions.

scholarly journals Movement patterns of free-roaming dogs on heterogeneous urban landscapes: implications for rabies control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brinkley Raynor ◽  
Micaela De la Puente-León ◽  
Andrew Johnson ◽  
Elvis Díaz-Espinoza ◽  
Michael Z. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
The City

AbstractIn 2015, a case of canine rabies in Arequipa, Peru indicated the re-emergence of rabies virus in the city. Despite mass dog vaccination campaigns across the city and reactive ring vaccination and other control activities around positive cases (e.g. elimination of unowned dogs), the outbreak has spread. Here we explore how the urban landscape of Arequipa affects the movement patterns of free-roaming dogs, the main reservoirs of the rabies virus in the area. We tracked 23 free-roaming dogs using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. We analyzed the spatio-temporal GPS data using the time- local convex hull method. Dog movement patterns varied across local environments. We found that water channels, an urban feature of Arequipa that are dry most of the year, promote movement. Dogs that used the water channels move further, faster and more directionally than dogs that do not. Our findings suggest that water channels can be used by dogs as ‘highways’ to transverse the city and have the potential to spread disease far beyond the radius of control practices. Control efforts should focus on a robust vaccination campaign attuned to the geography of the city, and not limited to small-scale rings surrounding cases.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

Emergency management decision-making during severe weather

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh A. Baumgart ◽  
Ellen J. Bass ◽  
Brenda Philips ◽  
Kevin Kloesel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Management Decision Making

Providing additional education services for children: Challenges and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-687
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Brodovskaya ◽  
T.A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Municipal Level

Subject. This article considers the issues of provision of supplementary education services for children and methodological tools for the formation of educational environment. Objectives. The article aims to assess the level of development of the system of supplementary education of children in Krasnoyarsk and offer a methodological approach to improving the management decision-making procedure in the formation of a portfolio of supplementary education services at the municipal level. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of theoretical, empirical, and logistic analyses, and sociological studies. Results. The article offers concrete solutions to the lack of a methodological approach to providing supplementary education services, considering one of the micro-districts of Krasnoyarsk as a case in point. It also offers tools that can be used by public authorities to organize educational space at the municipal level. Conclusions. A unified methodological approach should be used to provide a system of supplementary education, taking into account financial means, as well as differentiation in the distribution of educational facilities throughout the area. The relevance of the set of supplementary education services and consumer preferences should be taken into account, as well.

scholarly journals The Use of Citizen Science to Achieve Multivariate Management Goals on Public Lands

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Sara Souther ◽  
Vincent Randall ◽  
Nanebah Lyndon
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Public Land Management ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
Botanical Research ◽  
Federal Land Management

Federal land management agencies in the US are tasked with maintaining the ecological integrity of over 2 million km2 of land for myriad public uses. Citizen science, operating at the nexus of science, education, and outreach, offers unique benefits to address socio-ecological questions and problems, and thus may offer novel opportunities to support the complex mission of public land managers. Here, we use a case study of an iNaturalist program, the Tribal Nations Botanical Research Collaborative (TNBRC), to examine the use of citizen science programs in public land management. The TNBRC collected 2030 observations of 34 plant species across the project area, while offering learning opportunities for participants. Using occurrence data, we examined observational trends through time and identified five species with 50 or fewer digital observations to investigate as species of possible conservation concern. We compared predictive outcomes of habitat suitability models built using citizen science data and Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. Models exhibited high agreement, identifying the same underlying predictors of species occurrence and, 95% of the time, identifying the same pixels as suitable habitat. Actions such as staff training on data use and interpretation could enhance integration of citizen science in Federal land management.

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