scholarly journals EAG Responses of Adult Lobesia botrana Males and Females Collected from Vitis vinifera and Daphne Gnidium to Larval Host-Plant Volatiles and Sex Pheromone

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérez-Aparicio ◽  
Torres-Vila ◽  
Gemeno
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Daphne Gnidium ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Larval Host

We analysed electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female adults of the European grapevine moth Lobesiabotrana (Denis et Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) collected as larvae from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and flax-leaved daphne (Daphne gnidium L.). The host-plant odorants tested were either V. vinifera-specific [1-octen-3-ol, (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene], D. gnidium-specific (2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol, benzothiazole, linalool-oxide, ethyl benzanoate), or were shared by both host-plants (linalool, methyl salicylate). Sex pheromone compounds were also tested. The male response to the major pheromone component (E7,Z9-12:Ac) was higher than to any other stimuli, whereas the response to the minor pheromone components (E7,Z9-12:OH and Z9-12:Ac) was not different from the response to the plant odorants. The female response to pheromone was lower or not different from that to plant odorants. Methyl salicylate elicited a higher response in females and (E)-β-farnesene elicited a higher response than several other plant odorants in both sexes. Non-significant interactions between host-plant odorant and sex indicated an absence of sex specialization for host-plant volatile detection. The lack of a significant interaction between plant volatiles and larval host-plants suggested that there was no specialization for plant-volatile detection between V. vinifera and D. gnidium individuals.

scholarly journals Plant odour and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Borrero-Echeverry ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
Peter Witzgall
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Olfactory Communication ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

SummarySpecific mate recognition strongly relies on the chemical senses in many animals, and especially in nocturnal insects. Two signal types lend to premating olfactory communication in terrestrial habitats: sex signals blend into an atmosphere of habitat odorants, where plant volatiles prevail. We show for the first time that males of the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis perceive female sex pheromone and volatiles of its plant host cotton as a unit, rather than as independent messages. In clean air, S. littoralis males are attracted to flawed pheromone signals, such as single synthetic pheromone components or even the pheromone of a sibling species, Oriental leafworm S. litura. Presence of host plant volatiles, however, strongly reduces the male response to deficient or heterospecific pheromone signals. That plant cues enhance discrimination of sex pheromone quality confirms the idea that specific mate recognition in noctuid moths has evolved in concert with host plant adaptation. A participation of host plant odour in sexual communication suggests that mate recognition is under natural and sexual selection. Moreover, shifts in either female host preference or sex pheromone biosynthesis give rise to new communication channels that have the potential to initiate or contribute to reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Host-Plant Volatiles Enhance the Attraction of Cnaphalocrocis medicals (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Sex Pheromone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Hai-Tao Du ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Insect Sex Pheromones ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a notorious pest of rice, Oryza sativa L.(Poaceae). Sex pheromone and host-plant volatiles can trap C. medinalis separately. To improve the trap efficiency of sex pheromone, we first tested the synergistic effect of 8 host-plant volatiles, including 2-Phenylethanol, 1-Hexanol, 1-Heptanol, (Z)-3-Hexenal, (E)-2-Hexenal, Octanal, Valeraldehyde, and Methyl Salicylate on the attraction of C. medinalis to the female-produced sex pheromone in electroantennography. The addition of (E)-2-Hexenal, Methyl Salicylate, Valeraldehyde, and (Z)-3-Hexenal increased electroantennogram response of C. medinalis to sex pheromone. Further testing of the mixtures of these four compounds and sex pheromone in wind tunnel experiments indicated that additive (E)-2-Hexenal or Methyl Salicylate stimulated the landing behaviors of both male and female C. medinalis compared with sex pheromone alone. Field evaluations showed that mixtures of sex pheromone and (E)-2-Hexenal or Methyl Salicylate resulted in significantly higher catches to male moths than sex pheromone alone. Using 1:1 and 1:10 combinations of the sex pheromone and (E)-2-Hexenal, showed a synergistic effect of 95% and 110%, respectively. Furthermore, 1:1 and 1:10 mixtures of the sex pheromone and Methyl Salicylate exhibited a synergistic effect of 69% and 146%, respectively. These results may provide the basis for developing efficient pest management strategies against C. medinalis using host-plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones.

scholarly journals Plant Volatiles Help Mediate Host Plant Selection and Attraction of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae): a Generalist With a Preferred Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T Derstine ◽  
Linnea Meier ◽  
Isaiah Canlas ◽  
Kelly Murman ◽  
Stefani Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
And Function

Abstract Host plant volatiles play a key role in mediating plant–herbivore interactions. How an array of host plant volatiles guides host preference and attraction in the invasive polyphagous Lycorma delicatula (White), the spotted lanternfly (SLF), is largely unknown. A pernicious phloem feeder, SLF feeds on over 70 species of plants, some with high economic impact. To aid the development of detection and monitoring tools for SLF, we used a two-choice olfactometer to compare 14 host plant species for attraction, first to a blank control, and then to their preferred host Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), tree-of-heaven. SLF were significantly attracted to seven host plants compared to a blank control, but no host plant was more attractive than tree-of-heaven. We then used electroantennographic detection (EAD) to screen select host plants for EAD active compounds, hypothesizing that EAD-active plant volatiles act as kairomones and mediate SLF attraction to host plants. Out of 43 unique antennal responses, 18 compounds were identified and tested individually for attraction in a two-choice olfactometer against a blank control and then against methyl salicylate, the current best attractant. Eleven compounds were significantly attractive, and one, sulcatone, was more attractive than methyl salicylate. Blends of kairomones were then tested for attraction, revealing five blends that were significantly more attractive than methyl salicylate, and could be developed into lures for field testing. The presence of these kairomones in volatile profiles of 17 plant species is described. These findings support the hypothesis that the identified volatiles act as kairomones and function in attraction to host plants.

Larval responses of three vegetable root fly pests of the genus Delia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to plant volatiles

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T.A. Ross ◽  
M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Secondary Plant

AbstractLarval responses of Delia radicum (Linnaeus), D. floralis (Fallén) and D. antiqua (Meigen) to plant volatiles were measured using a behavioural assay. Larvae were attracted to their host-plant, but non host-plants either had no effect or were repellent. Testing of individual secondary plant volatiles indicated that larvae were attracted to secondary plant volatiles from their host-plant, but were neither attracted nor repelled by secondary plant volatiles from non host-plants. A general plant volatile did not have this effect.

scholarly journals Concurrent modulation of neuronal and behavioural olfactory responses to sex and host plant cues in a male moth

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20141884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie H. Kromann ◽  
Ahmed M. Saveer ◽  
Muhammad Binyameen ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
Göran Birgersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Male Attraction ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Adult Food

Mating has profound effects on animal physiology and behaviour, not only in females but also in males, which we show here for olfactory responses. In cotton leafworm moths, Spodoptera littoralis , odour-mediated attraction to sex pheromone and plant volatiles are modulated after mating, producing a behavioural response that matches the physiological condition of the male insect. Unmated males are attracted by upwind flight to sex pheromone released by calling females, as well as to volatiles of lilac flowers and green leaves of the host plant cotton, signalling adult food and mating sites, respectively. Mating temporarily abolishes male attraction to females and host plant odour, but does not diminish attraction to flowers. This behavioural modulation is correlated with a response modulation in the olfactory system, as shown by electro-physiological recordings from antennae and by functional imaging of the antennal lobe, using natural odours and synthetic compounds. An effect of mating on the olfactory responses to pheromone and cotton plant volatiles but not to lilac flowers indicates the presence of functionally independent neural circuits within the olfactory system. Our results indicate that these circuits interconnect and weigh perception of social and habitat odour signals to generate appropriate behavioural responses according to mating state.

Female-induced increase of host-plant volatiles enhance specific attraction of aphid male Dysaphis plantaginea (Homoptera: Aphididae) to the sex pheromone

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.H.M. van Tol ◽  
H.H.M. Helsen ◽  
F.C. Griepink ◽  
W.J. de Kogel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Dysaphis Plantaginea ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAll aphid species studied so far share the same sex pheromone components, nepetalactol and nepetalactone. Variation by different enantiomers and blends of the two components released by different aphid species are limited and can only partially explain species-specific attraction of males to females. While some host-plant odours are known to enhance specific attraction of aphid species, herbivore-induced plant volatiles that synergise attractiveness to the sex pheromone are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that for the host-alternating rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini)) specificity of attraction of males to females is triggered by female-induced tree odours in combination with a 1:8 ratio of (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol. Female aphid infestation induces increased release of four esters (hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 3-methylbutyrate and hexyl 2-methylbutyrate) from apple leaves. Two different combinations of three esters applied in a 1:1:1 ratio increase the number of male D. plantaginea and decrease the number of other aphid species caught in water traps in the presence of the pheromone components. The ester blend alone was not attractive. Combination of the pheromone blend with each single ester was not increasing attraction of male D. plantaginea. The demonstration that sexual aphid species use herbivore-induced plant volatiles as a species-specific attractant for mate finding adds a new dimension to our understanding of insect species using or manipulating chemical cues of host plants for orientation.

Attraction of the Gypsy Moth to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Damaged Dahurian Larch

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Sanna Valimaki ◽  
Juan Shi ◽  
Shixiang Zong ◽  
Youqing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Dahurian Larch ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Volatile Organic

Olfactory responses of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a major defoliator of deciduous trees, were examined in Inner Mongolia, China. We studied whether the gypsy moth adults are attracted by the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of damaged Larix gmelinii (Dahurian larch) foliage and compared the attractiveness of the plant volatiles with that of the synthetic sex pheromone. Our results indicated that the VOCs of the Dahurian larch were effective in attracting gypsy moth males especially during the peak flight period. The VOCs also attracted moths significantly better than the sex pheromone of the moth. Our study is the first trial to show the responses of adult gypsy moths to volatile compounds emitted from a host plant. Electroantennogram responses of L. gmelinii volatiles on gypsy moths supported our field observations. A synergistic effect between host plant volatiles and sex pheromone was also obvious, and bothcan be jointly applied as a new attractant method or population management strategy of the gypsy moth.

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