scholarly journals Season Long Pest Management Efficacy and Spray Characteristics of a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in High Density Apples

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Paul Owen-Smith ◽  
John Wise ◽  
Matthew J. Grieshop
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Density ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Fungal Damage ◽  
Pest Suppression

Solid set canopy delivery systems (SSCDS) are a novel foliar agrochemical delivery system designed as an alternative for airblast sprayers in high density fruit production. This study tested the pest management potential, coverage, and chemical deposition of an SSCDS using commercially available microsprinkler components over the course of a growing season. Spray coverage and deposition for a representative airblast sprayer and SSCDS were evaluated using water sensitive paper and tartrazine dye, respectively. Foliar sprays for pest suppression were applied through both systems, and damage assessments were taken at the midpoint and end of the growing season. SSCDS sprays demonstrated similar levels of coverage on the adaxial leaf surface as airblast sprays, but significantly lower coverage on the abaxial surface. However, mean levels of foliar chemical deposition was generally higher in the SSCDS. Evaluations found minimal arthropod and fungal damage in both airblast and SSCDS treated plots compared to untreated trees. The SSCDS was shown to be a viable alternative to the airblast, with inherent advantages such as rapid application time and improved worker safety. Furthermore, higher deposition on SSCDS treated foliage supports the hypothesis that SSCDS provide a higher droplet capture rate in the canopy, with less off-target loss and drift than airblast sprayers.

Spray coverage and pest management efficacy of a solid set canopy delivery system in high density apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3050-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Owen‐Smith ◽  
Ronald Perry ◽  
John Wise ◽  
Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil ◽  
Larry Gut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
High Density

Impact of Herbicides Applied Annually for Twenty-three Years in a Deciduous Orchard

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Charles R. Drake ◽  
Carlton L. Pirkey
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Peach Orchard

A semi- and high-density apple and peach orchard was established at Blacksburg, VA. Starting 1 yr after transplanting, tree rows were treated with paraquat, 2,4-D, or amitrole plus simazine for 4 yr. Thereafter, diuron, simazine, or terbacil was applied in conjunction with paraquat or glyphosate. During the 12th growing season, young trees planted between existing trees failed to make proper growth. Oat bioassay of soils collected from treated rows revealed that the tree row topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) produced less oat biomass than did deeper row soils (to 30 cm) or soils of corresponding depths from adjacent non-treated tall fescue sod alleyways. Poor growth of trees may have been related to other factors (competition from older trees, drought conditions, etc.) since herbicide residues in the upper 7.5 cm would have little effect on tree roots below this depth. After 3 yr the trees developed normally. Tree rows became heavily infested with weeds 1 yr following cessation of 23 yr of consecutive herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals A linuron-free weed management strategy for carrots

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-474
Author(s):  
Tessa de Boer ◽  
Peter Smith ◽  
Kevin Chandler ◽  
Robert Nurse ◽  
Kristen Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe development of a linuron-free weed management strategy for carrot production is essential as a result of the herbicide reevaluation programs launched by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency in Canada for herbicides registered before 1995 and the discovery of linuron-resistant pigweed species in Ontario. Field trials were conducted in one of Ontario’s main carrot-growing regions on high organic soils in 2016 and 2017. Pigweed species seedlings were effectively controlled with PRE treatments of prometryn, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, or glufosinate. POST treatments of pyroxasulfone and metribuzin followed by predetermined biologically effective dose (≥90% control of pigweed seedlings) of acifluorfen, oxyfluorfen, fluthiacet-methyl, and fomesafen achieved excellent crop selectivity and commercially acceptable pigweed species seedling control under field conditions. Carfentrazone-ethyl or fomesafen applied PRE severely reduced seedling emergence and yield in the wet growing season of 2017. This study demonstrated clearly that an alternative linuron-free strategy can be developed for carrots. The strategy of exploring the potential to use the biologically effective dose of selected herbicides to achieve crop selectivity and control of pigweed species seedlings was verified.

INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION FOR NEW ZEALAND PIPFRUIT: PEST MANAGEMENT

2000 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
C.H. Wearing ◽  
S.J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

scholarly journals Response of Four Strawberry Cultivars to Clopyralid Applied during Fruiting Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton J. Hunnicutt ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Vance M. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

With the reduction in the availability of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant for Florida strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) culture, annual broadleaf weeds are expected to become increasingly troublesome to control. Recent studies show that along with the new fumigant systems, separate but complementary herbicide applications throughout the growing season will also be a necessity for acceptable weed control. The purpose of the study reported herein was to evaluate the impacts of multiple rates of the herbicide clopyralid on the growth and fruit production of four annual strawberry cultivars. Two greenhouse trials were conducted, evaluating the application of varying rates of clopyralid as a directed spray to well-established, mature plants of ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Treasure’, and Winterstar™ ‘FL 05–107’. Leaf production, leaf malformation, and marketable yield were evaluated to determine negative effects because of the physiological herbicidal effects, phytotoxic herbicidal effects, or both of clopyralid. Results from these studies showed that when clopyralid was applied at the maximum labeled rate of 3 oz/acre, less than 12% leaf malformation was observed among all cultivars, and marketable yield exhibited a linear increase as the rate of clopyralid increased, possibly due to a reduction in canopy coverage leading to more effective pollination.

scholarly journals Influence of the Planting Distance and the Crown Shape on the Fruit Harvest and the Productive Potential of Cherry Trees in a High-Density System

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor IVANOV ◽  
Valerian BALAN ◽  
Ananie PEŞTEANU ◽  
Sergiu VAMASESCU ◽  
Petru BALAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Density ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Cherry Trees

Cherry technology is permanently modernized due to new varieties, vegetal rootstocks and new tree management systems. The cherry varieties “Bigarreau Burlat”, “Ferrovia” and “Lapins”, grafted on Gisela 6 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) rootstock at distances of 5x1.5 m; 5x2.0 m; 5x2.5 m, were studied in the southern area of the Republic of Moldova. The trees were shaped by the Ameliorated natural reduced-volume crown and Slender Spindle Ameliorated form. Cherry trees start to yield in the fourth year after planting; the largest total fruit production from the tree was obtained in the variant with trees planted at a distance of 5x2.5 m and per hectare, when the trees were planted at a distance of 5x1.5 m. In the fourth year of yielding, the production of “Ferrovia” cherry variety, where the trees were shaped by the Ameliorated natural crown with low volume constituted 15368-18155 kg/ha, and at the time the “Slender Spindle Ameliorated” form, constituted 16904 -20074 kg/ha. Although the results are preliminary, it seems that high-density planting systems combined with low-power vegetal rootstocks and improved crowns can give higher yields of cherries in the first 4 years than the traditional improved crown system with low volume.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FLOOD WATER TEMPERATURE ON CRANBERRY UPRIGHTS AND ROOTS DURING SPRING AND FALL FLOODS

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 495C-495
Author(s):  
Justine Vanden Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

Cranberry bogs are flooded for several purposes during the growing season, including pest control and harvest. A spring `late water' and a fall `harvest' flood were simulated on potted cranberry uprights (`Stevens'). The `late water' flood is a 1-month flood held on some Massachusetts bogs from mid-April to mid-May. The flood was simulated at 11 and 21 °C. Over the course of the 1-month flood, total non-structural carbohydrate concentration (TNSC) of the upright tissue decreased by 13% and 46% in the 11 and 21 °C treatments, respectively. Root TNSC was not affected by flooding in the 11 °C treatment, but was reduced by 39% in the 21 °C treatment. In the 1-week `harvest' flood simulated at 12 and 20 °C, TNSC of the upright tissue decreased by 47% and 59% in the 12 and 20 °C treatments, respectively. Root TNSC was reduced by 22% in the 12 °C flood, and by 41% in the 20 °C flood. Two weeks following removal from the 1-month `late water' flood, uprights in the 11 °C treatment contained 9% more TNSC than uprights in the 21 °C treatment, while root TNSC from the two treatments was similar. No treatment differences were evident in the uprights or roots of the vines subjected to the `late water' flood by harvest. Two weeks following removal from the 1-week `harvest' flood, uprights in the 12 °C treatment contained 20% more TNSC than uprights in the 20 °C treatment, while roots of vines in the 12 °C flood contained 17% more TNSC compared to vines in the 20 °C flood. Vines which were negatively impacted by the warmer `harvest' flood treatment likely had reduced energy available for winter survival, spring growth and fruit production.

scholarly journals Impact of phylloplane management on microbial populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
F.O. Obanor ◽  
M. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Orchards

The impact of apple orchard management on leaf microbial populations was investigated during the 2001/2002 growing season Apple leaves were collected in spring and autumn from two certified organic (BioGro) and IFP (Integrated Fruit Production) managed apple orchards at each of three New Zealand sites (Hawkes Bay Nelson and Canterbury) Phylloplane epiphytes were recovered by leaf washing using a stomacher blender and the microorganisms enumerated using serial plate dilutions The microorganisms were separated into recognisable taxonomic units (RTUs) based on colony morphology Analysis of both spring and autumn samples showed that leaves from all three sites from organic orchards harboured significantly more colony forming units than were found on leaves from IFP orchards Overall population richness (based on RTUs/ leaf sample) was also significantly higher in organic than IFP orchards

scholarly journals Risks to pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
D.J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Predatory Bugs ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Pesticides

Pest management in New Zealands pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) programme relies on selective pesticides biological control and pheromone mating disruption The current situation is potentially precarious and one concern the impact of less selective pesticides was tested Apple trees received synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin) sprays during the first half of two growing seasons Beneficial and pest species were monitored monthly from November to April Treated trees had fewer predatory bugs (91 100 reduction) lacewings (64100) earwigs (80100) predatory mites (67100) spiders (2064) and Hymenoptera (1649) than untreated trees Ladybird numbers varied depending on the assessment method Outbreaks of phytophagous mites and woolly scale and Froggatts apple leafhopper on untreated trees Factors that make pest management under IFP vulnerable in the future include a loss of biological control and the consequences of new pests establishing

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