scholarly journals Increases in Genistein in Medicago sativa Confer Resistance against the Pisum Host Race of Acyrthosiphon pisum

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erliang Yuan ◽  
Hongyu Yan ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Huijuan Guo ◽  
Feng Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Ideal System

Interspecific interaction with host plants have important consequences for the host race formation of herbivorous insects. Plant secondary metabolites, particularly those that are involved in host races specializing on plants, warrant the theory of host specialization. Acyrthosiphon pisum comprises various host races that adapt to different Fabaceae plants, which provides an ideal system for determining the behavioral and physiological mechanisms underlying host-adaptive diversification. The current study evaluated the effects of host transfer on population fitness, feeding behavior and the transcriptome-wide gene expression of the two host races of A. pisum, one of which was originally from Medicago sativa and the other from Pisum sativum. The results showed that the Pisum host race of A. pisum had a lower population abundance and feeding efficiency than the Medicago host race in terms of a longer penetration time and shorter duration times of phloem ingestion when fed on M. sativa. In contrast, few differences were found in the population abundance and feeding behavior of A. pisum between the two host races when fed on P. sativum. Meanwhile, of the nine candidate phenolic compounds, only genistein was significantly affected by aphid infestation; higher levels of genistein were detected in M. sativa after feeding by the Pisum host race, but these levels were reduced relative to uninfested controls after feeding by the Medicago host race, which suggested that genistein may be involved in the specialization of the aphid host race on M. sativa. Further exogenous application of genistein in artificial diets showed that the increase in genistein reduced the survival rate of the Pisum host race but had little effect on that of the Medicago host race. The transcriptomic profiles indicated that the transcripts of six genes with functions related to detoxification were up-regulated in the Pisum host race relative to the Medicago host race of A. pisum. These results suggested that the inducible plant phenolics and associated metabolic process in aphids resulted in their differential adaptations to their Fabaceae host.

Host races of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumdiffer in male wing phenotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Frantz ◽  
M. Plantegenest ◽  
J.-C. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Male Wing

AbstractThe evolution of reproductive isolation without geographic isolation (sympatric speciation) has recently gained strong theoretical and empirical supports. It is now widely admitted that many host-specific phytophagous insect species have arisen through shifting and adapting to new plants. The pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumhas received considerable attention in this context and is now considered as a probable case of incipient sympatric speciation through host specialization. In Europe, three host races have been described so far, one on annual plants (pea and broad bean) and two on perennial plants (red clover and alfalfa, respectively). These host races are genetically differentiated and exhibit strong ecological specialization affecting their preferences and performances on alternative plants. Here, we investigate whether other life-history traits of ecological importance are associated with host specialization in the species. In particular, becauseA. pisumshows a genetically determined male wing variation, we tested if its host races also differ in their proportion of winged/wingless male phenotypes. We used a large collection of pea aphid lineages sampled on pea, broad bean, red clover and alfalfa and analyzed their male production by placing them in conditions inducing the sexual phase inA. pisum. Striking differences in the frequency of male dispersal genotypes were found between host populations; aphids producing winged males were in high proportion among lineages from annual hosts, while those producing wingless males were in high proportion on perennial ones. The evolutionary maintenance and ecological consequences of this association between habitat specialization and male wing variation are discussed.

scholarly journals Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behavior of the phloem-feeding insect, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yuping Gou ◽  
Peter Quandahor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Trehalose Content

AbstractTrehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development of insects. In this study, we demonstrated that the high trehalose diet increased the glucose content, and high glucose diet increased the glucose content but decreased the trehalose content of Acyrthosiphon pisum. RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (ApTPS) decreased while RNAi of trehalase gene (ApTRE) increased the trehalose and glucose contents. In the electrical penetration graph experiment, RNAi of ApTPS increased the percentage of E2 waveform and decreased the percentage of F and G waveforms. The high trehalose and glucose diets increased the percentage of E2 waveform of A. pisum red biotype. The correlation between feeding behavior and sugar contents indicated that the percentage of E1 and E2 waveforms were increased but np, C, F and G waveforms were decreased in low trehalose and glucose contents. The percentage of np, E1 and E2 waveforms were reduced but C, F and G waveforms were elevated in high trehalose and glucose contents. The results suggest that the A. pisum with high trehalose and glucose contents spent less feeding time during non-probing phase and phloem feeding phase, but had an increased feeding time during probing phase, stylet work phase and xylem feeding phase.

scholarly journals Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201493
Author(s):  
Gaurav Pandharikar ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Pierre Frendo ◽  
Marylène Poirié
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is therefore worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one ( Hamiltonella defensa , Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica ) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated, NI). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 ( PR1 ) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI) , respective markers for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.

scholarly journals Importance of the Life Cycle in Sympatric Host Race Formation and Speciation of Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Giraud ◽  
Lorys M. M. A. Villaréal ◽  
Frédéric Austerlitz ◽  
Mickaël Le Gac ◽  
Claire Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Biological Species Concept ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Host Race Formation ◽  
Race Formation

Numerous morphological species of pathogenic fungi have been shown to actually encompass several genetically isolated lineages, often specialized on different hosts and, thus, constituting host races or sibling species. In this article, we explore theoretically the importance of some aspects of the life cycle on the conditions of sympatric divergence of host races, particularly in fungal plant pathogens. Because the life cycles classically modeled by theoreticians of sympatric speciation correspond to those of free-living animals, sympatric divergence of host races requires the evolution of active assortative mating or of active host preference if mating takes place on the hosts. With some particular life cycles with restricted dispersal between selection on the host and mating, we show that divergence can occur in sympatry and lead to host race formation, or even speciation, by a mere process of specialization, with strong divergent adaptive selection. Neither active assortative mating nor active habitat choice is required in these cases, and this may explain why the phylo-genetic species concept seems more appropriate than the biological species concept in these organisms.

scholarly journals Dissection of the effects of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on assimilate partitioning in Medicago sativa

2003 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Girousse ◽  
Mireille Faucher ◽  
Camille Kleinpeter ◽  
Jean-Louis Bonnemain
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning

scholarly journals Multi-omics reveals the positive leverage of plant secondary metabolites on the gut microbiota in a non-model mammal

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Guangping Huang ◽  
Rong Hou ◽  
Dunwu Qi ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that have been widely used for their health-promoting effects. However, little is known about overall flavonoid metabolism and the interactive effects between flavonoids and the gut microbiota. The flavonoid-rich bamboo and the giant panda provide an ideal system to bridge this gap. Results Here, integrating metabolomic and metagenomic approaches, and in vitro culture experiment, we identified 97 flavonoids in bamboo and most of them have not been identified previously; the utilization of more than 70% flavonoid monomers was attributed to gut microbiota; the variation of flavonoid in bamboo leaves and shoots shaped the seasonal microbial fluctuation. The greater the flavonoid content in the diet was, the lower microbial diversity and virulence factor, but the more cellulose-degrading species. Conclusions Our study shows an unprecedented landscape of beneficial PSMs in a non-model mammal and reveals that PSMs remodel the gut microbiota conferring host adaptation to diet transition in an ecological context, providing a novel insight into host-microbe interaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document