scholarly journals Residual Efficacy of a Deltamethrin Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulation against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) after Partial Treatment of Brown Rice

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.), the lesser grain borer, and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), the Angoumois grain moth, are internally feeding stored product insects that can infest raw grains. In this test, brown rice was treated with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm of a new emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation of the pyrethroid deltamethrin and stored for 12 months. One day after treatment, and every 3 months for 12 months, treated rice was mixed with untreated brown rice in the following ratios: 0:100 (untreated controls), 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (all treated). Bioassays were conducted by exposing 10 parental adults of each species on the rice mixtures and assessing progeny production, feeding damage, and weight loss. The progeny of S. cerealella ranged from 105.6 F1 adults on untreated brown rice to 69.4 F1 adults on 100% treated rice, but there was little feeding damage or weight loss. The progeny production of R. dominica declined from 177.4 F1 adults on untreated rice to 9.8 F1 adults on 100% treated rice. Weight loss and feeding damage were correlated with progeny production. The results show that the new deltamethrin formulation could be used for protection of brown rice, but S. cerealella may be less susceptible to deltamethrin compared to R. dominica.

scholarly journals Methodology for Assessing Progeny Production and Grain Damage on Commodities Treated with Insecticides

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Arthur ◽  
W. Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Sample Weight Loss

In evaluating insecticides, progeny production on grain commodities can be evaluated by either exposing adults on a commodity for a given time period, then removing them and assessing mortality and progeny production, or by leaving the adults on the commodity continuously, and then assessing progeny production. Little research directly compares these methodologies. Thus, our aims were to: (1) determine residual efficacy of Diacon IGR+ (methoprene+deltamethrin) and Gravista (methoprene+deltamethrin+piperonyl butoxide) on wheat, corn, and brown rice over the course of a year, using bioassays with select stored product insects at different time intervals, and (2) directly compare the two different methods of parental adult exposure on progeny production. Adults were either exposed for 7 d, then removed and assessed for survival, and the commodities were held for 6–7 weeks to assess progeny production, or adults were continuously exposed on the commodities for 6–7 weeks. Commodities were aged and sampled every 3 months for 12 months. Afterwards, samples were examined for progeny, sample weight loss, and insect feeding damage. Each insecticide killed exposed adults and prevented progeny of Rhyzopertha dominica on wheat and brown rice, and Tribolium castaneum on corn. There was extensive survival of Sitophilus spp. on all commodities, though Gravista did initially suppress S. oryzae on wheat and S. zeamais on corn compared to Diacon IGR+. Progeny, weight loss, and insect feeding damage were positively correlated in the 7 d exposure compared with continuous parental exposure. Both insecticides will control R. dominica and externally-feeding insects, but may exhibit reduced effectiveness for Sitophilus spp., especially S. oryzae. Food managers can utilize these data to more effectively plan management programs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Combinations of Methoprene and Deltamethrin as Long-Term Commodity Protectants

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Sample Weight Loss

Wheat, corn, and brown rice were treated with different combinations of a deltamethrin suspension concentrate (SC) formulation and a new emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation, at rates of either 0.5 or 1.0 ppm alone or in combination with 1.25 and 2.5 ppm methoprene (10 treatments in all, including an untreated control). Treated commodities were stored at ambient conditions on the floor of an empty grain bin in Manhattan, KS, USA, in 5-kg lots for individual replicates. The commodities were sampled and bio-assayed every three months for 15 months by exposing 10 mixed-sex parental adults of selected adult stored product insects on 70–80 g of the commodity. For all treatments, there was no regression of declining efficacy with respect to the month. Therefore, the data were combined for analysis. On wheat and brown rice, there was no reproduction of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in any of the treatments, and there was no weight loss in either commodity that was caused by feeding of the parental adults or developing progeny. There was reproduction of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on wheat but, for several combinations, the EC formulation gave better suppression of progeny compared to the standard SC. However, on brown rice, only the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene was different than other treatments with respect to progeny development, sample weight loss caused by feeding, and weight of the feeding damage itself. Progeny production was correlated with grain damage. No progeny of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) developed on the treated corn, but there was some variation in insect damage, with less damage in those treatments involving the EC formulation. Progeny production of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) was at the lowest in the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene. The resulting insect damage was the lowest in this combination as well. Results of this study were used by the registrant (Central Life Sciences) in the United States (US) to modify the commercial formulation to replace the deltamethrin SC with the EC, at label rates of either 0.5 ppm EC+ 1.25 ppm methoprene, or 1.0 ppm EC + 2.5 ppm methoprene, on wheat, corn, and rice.

Susceptibility of Twelve Genotypes of Triticale to the Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the Lesser Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)2

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Baker ◽  
F. H. Arthur ◽  
P. L. Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Total Progeny

Population development by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and feeding damage caused by the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), were assessed on twelve triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) genotypes maintained at 25°C and at 11.7 or 14.2% moisture content. Among genotypes at 14.2% moisture content, total progeny production by the rice weevil ranged from 7.1 (GA82014) to 8.8 (87AB13541) weevils per female-day; mean time to adult emergence ranged from 35.5 (GA82014) to 36.9 days (87AB13541 and CT4699); and rate of emergence (a measure of the slope of the cumulative emergence curve at the average emergence day) ranged from 0.59 (87AB 13541) to 0.72 (‘Morrison’). Although there were some statistical differences among these population growth parameters on different triticale genotypes, all genotypes were at least as susceptible as the long grain brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar ‘Florida 302’) controls tested concurrently. Development time of rice weevils was significantly delayed and total progeny production after 65 days was reduced about 17-fold on triticale genotypes at 11.7% moisture content. About 3-fold more frass was produced by lesser grain borers feeding for 7 days at 25°C on triticale genotypes at 14.2% moisture content compared to that obtained on genotypes at 11.7% moisture content. Significantly more feeding and frass production by lesser grain borers occurred on triticale and wheat than occurred on rice.

scholarly journals Residual efficacy of Deltamethrin against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) in wheat grain

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Prazic-Golic ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Goran Andric ◽  
Nenad Tamas ◽  
Stefan Prazic
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
Residual Control

Residual efficacy of the insecticide deltamethrin, an EC formulation containing 25 g/L AI + 225 g/L PBO (piperonyl butoxide synergist), against lab populations of Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum and Sitotroga cerealella was investigated in the laboratory by applying product water solutions (0.25 mg AI/kg) to wheat grain (at 25?1?C and 60?5% r.h.). Adult mortality on 0, 7, 14 and 30 days old deposits was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of exposure to treated wheat grain and additional 7 days of recovery. Progeny reduction (PR, %) was also assessed. After 2 days of exposure to deposits of all ages, deltamethrin caused only 0-10% mortality of coleopterans (up to 37% after the recovery period) and 23-30% of S. cerealella, while mortality before and after recovery from 14 days of exposure was 95-50% for S. oryzae, 97-100% for R. dominica, 99-100% for T. castaneum and 100% for S. cerealella. Progeny production of S. oryzae was highest after parents contacted with 14 days old deposit of deltamethrin (PR, 76%), and lowest after contact with fresh deposit (PR, 95%), while R. dominica and T. castaneum had no progeny on any deltamethrin deposit age in wheat (PR, 100%), and S. cerealella had only a very low progeny (PR, 99%). The results showed that the synergised deltamethrin, applied at 0.25 mg/kg in wheat grain, is a highly effective insecticide for storedproduct insect control, while a higher dose is required for successful residual control of S. oryzae.

scholarly journals Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Marijana Prazic-Golic ◽  
Petar Kljajic ◽  
Goran Andric
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
Adult Exposure

Residual efficacy of EC formulations of two insecticides: cypermethrin supplemented with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl, against adults of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was investigated in the laboratory (at 25?1?C and 55-60% r.h.) by applying water solutions of products based either on cypermethrin (1.6 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) or pirimiphos-methyl (4 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) to wheat grain. Insect mortality on deposits of different age: 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of insect exposure to treated wheat. After 2 day exposure, cypermethrin caused mortality of up to 46% on all deposits (age 0-180 days). After 7 days of exposure, high efficacy (94-100%) was found only on deposits that were up to 90 days old, while the mortality of S. cerealella adults on all deposits following 14 days of exposure was 98-100%, and it was probably additionally enhanced by natural mortality. Pirimiphos-methyl was 98-100% effective after 2 days of exposure to deposits that were up to 30 days old, while it achieved maximum efficacy (100%) after 7 days of insect exposure to deposits aging for up to 150 days, and 94% efficacy on 180 days old deposits. After 14 days of adult exposure to all deposit ages, there were no surviving insects (efficacy 100%). The results show that pirimiphos-methyl was more effective against S. cerealella adults and had a longer residual activity than cypermethrin.

scholarly journals Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽  
I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
W. A. A. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and toxicity of some Agro waste-derived insecticides against Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga ceralella (Olivier) [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae] infesting stored paddy grains

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Olufemi Ashamo ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Ayomiposi Idowu Onasile
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Agriculture being one of the major practices in the world has contributed to environmental pollution, especially in developing countries where there were no equipment to recycle the agricultural wastes. Considering the high level of infestation of paddy by Sitotroga cerealella and the high level of pollution caused by agricultural wastes, this research investigated the chemical composition and toxicity of agro wastes (rice husk, maize cob, groundnut and cowpea pods) as eco-friendly protectants of paddy against Sitotroga cerealella. Parameters assessed include adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and egg hatchability. Gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry were used to isolate and characterize the active compounds present in the most effective crude extract. Results The results of the study revealed that all agricultural wastes showed high mortality effect on S. cerealella. Cowpea pod powder was the most toxic to adult paddy moth that caused 33.33%, 36.67%, 46.67%, 50% and 60% mortality of S. cerealella at concentrations 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g/20 g of paddy grains after 24 h of exposure, respectively. The Cowpea pod, groundnut pod and maize cob extracts caused 100% mortality of S. cerealella at concentration 0.5 ml/20 g of paddy grains after 96 h of exposure, respectively. The lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 of cowpea pod after 24 h were 0.16 and 0.64 ml which were the lowest of all agro waste extract tested. GC–MS analysis revealed that 19 chemical compounds were present in cowpea pod extract, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (a methyl ester) has the highest percentage total of 39.57% and 4-Pentenal, 2-methylene (0.12%) has the least percentage total. Conclusion All the observations revealed that cowpea pod was the most effective. The findings also suggested that the selected agricultural wastes have a promising insecticidal potential and can be used as alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of stored product insects.

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