scholarly journals Laboratory and Greenhouse Evaluation of a Granular Formulation of Beauveria bassiana for Control of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrui Zhang ◽  
Zhongren Lei ◽  
Stuart Reitz ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Yulin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Flower Thrips

Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most important pests of horticultural crops worldwide because it can damage many different crops and transmit various plant viruses. Given these significant impacts on plant production, novel methodologies are required to maximize regulation of WFT to minimize crop losses. One particular approach is to develop control strategies for the non-feeding, soil-dwelling stages of WFT. Control of these stages could be enhanced through the use of granules impregnated with entomopathogenic fungi mixed in the soil. The use of soil-applied fungi contrasts with existing approaches in which entomopathogenic fungi are formulated as oil-based suspensions or water-based wettable powders for foliar applications against the feeding stages of WFT. To examine the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated the effects of a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana on the soil-dwelling, pupal phases of Frankliniella occidentalis in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments. Based on micromorphological observations of fungal conidia during the infection process after treatment of WFT with a B. bassiana suspension, fungal conidia complete the process of surface attachment, germination, and penetration of the body wall of the WFT pupa and enter the host within 60 h of treatment. Given these results, we undertook a controlled greenhouse experiment and applied B. bassiana granules to soil used to cultivate eggplants. Populations of F. occidentalis on eggplants grown in treated soil were 70% lower than those on plants grown in the untreated soil after 8 weeks. Furthermore, when measuring the survival and growth of B. bassiana on granules under different soil moisture conditions, survival was greatest when the soil moisture content was kept at 20%. These results indicate that the application of B. bassiana-impregnated granules could prove to be an effective biological control strategy for use against F. occidentalis under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when infecting western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihyeon Kim ◽  
Jong Cheol Kim ◽  
Se Jin Lee ◽  
Mi rong Lee ◽  
So Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Flower Thrips

Abstract Background: Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when infecting the thrips to see possible differences. Results: The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836. Conclusion: The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently infected western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.

scholarly journals Infection of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, by the Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1910
Author(s):  
Zhijian Zhang ◽  
Changying Zheng ◽  
Nemat O. Keyhani ◽  
Yulin Gao ◽  
Junping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hyphal Bodies

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is an aggressive agricultural insect pest causing significant damage to a wide range of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops. Beauveria bassiana is a broad-host-range entomopathogenic fungus capable of infecting and killing F. occidentalis. Infection of thrips by B. bassiana strain BbYT12 using a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL resulted in 81.48% mortality in adults in 6 d (LT50 = 90 ± 15.1 h). Scanning electron microscopy of the infection process revealed preferential adhesion and germination of fungal spores to inter-segmental folds or grooves on the insect body surface with penetrating germlings and extended hyphae visualized during the initial stages of infection (6–24 h). Histological analyses showed the appearance of in vivo hyphal bodies in sagittal sections and the fat body as early as 24 h post-infection. Within 72 h, hyphal bodies and hyphae could be found throughout the infected organism including in the midgut, Malphigian tubules, alimentary canal, ovarioles (in females), and an extended hyphal network could be seen on insect cadavers (>72 h post-infection). Real-time RT-PCR analyses of the expression of select genes implicated in virulence including the Pr1 protease, beauvericin synthase, involved in the production of the secondary metabolite beauvericin, two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases implicated in cuticular hydrocarbon degradation, two multidrug efflux proteins, a perilipin involved in lipid storage, and the Hog1 MAP kinase and protein kinase A signaling factors revealed discrete patterns of infection-time dependent expression. These data provide basic insights into the process of B. bassiana infection of F. occidentalis.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS).

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111H-1112
Author(s):  
Marsha A. Bower ◽  
L. Michele Quinn ◽  
John M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Thrips Population

Experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of biological control measures to control Western Flower Thrips. Thrips population and preferred trap color were examined using sticky trap tapes in 5 fluorescent colors, orange, yellow, green, blue and pink. Results indicated that pink is more effective in attracting thrips than the traditional yellow or the newly acclaimed blue sticky traps on the market now. Studies were also conducted to determine if the entomogenous nematode (Steinernema feltiae) could invade and parasitize Western Flower Thrips, and which stage of the thrips life cycle was most susceptible to parasitization. Thrips were dissected and checked for nematode invasion at 24, 48 and 72 hours after inoculation. S. feltiae was found to invade the body cavity after 24 hours in the larval stage of Western Flower Thrips resulting in death.

scholarly journals Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when interacting with cuticles of western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihyeon Kim ◽  
Jong Cheol Kim ◽  
Se Jin Lee ◽  
Mi rong Lee ◽  
So Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Flower Thrips

Abstract Background: Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection.Results: The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836.Conclusion: The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.

scholarly journals Two-year Grower Survey of Western Flower Thrips and Tospovirus Incidence and Management in Maine Greenhouses

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 569e-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Stack ◽  
L.B. Stack ◽  
F.A. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Grower Survey

A mail survey of greenhouse growers was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the presence and importance of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, in Maine greenhouses in growing years 1993 and 1994. Respondents were licensed growers with at least 1000 ft2 (93 m2) of greenhouse growing area. The survey objectives were to develop a grower demographic profile; determine the incidence of WFT and two WFT-vectored plant viruses, tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) and impatiens necrotic spot (INSV); and identify current WFT management strategies. The survey shows that Maine greenhouse growers are seasonal, experienced and retail oriented. Their growing area averages less than 10,000 ft2 (929 m2) and they produce a diverse crop mix and choose to import production stock as much as propagate it themselves. Both WFT and TSWV/INSV have increased in severity in Maine greenhouses over the past 10 years. Larger, year-round greenhouses are more likely to experience infestations of WFT and higher virus incidence. An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is employed by the majority of growers surveyed. Insecticide application is the primary tactic used to control WFT. Fewer than 4% of the growers use natural enemies to control thrips. However, 63% responded that future research in pest management should focus on biological control.

scholarly journals Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when interacting with cuticles of western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihyeon Kim ◽  
Jong Cheol Kim ◽  
Se Jin Lee ◽  
Mi Rong Lee ◽  
So Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Flower Thrips

Abstract Background Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection. Results The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836. Conclusion The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.

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