scholarly journals Estimating Freeway Level-of-Service Using Crowdsourced Data

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nima Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Yangsong Gu ◽  
Lee D. Han ◽  
Candace Brakewood ◽  
Phillip B. Freeze
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Traffic Operations ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Transportation Agencies

In traffic operations, the aim of transportation agencies and researchers is typically to reduce congestion and improve safety. To attain these goals, agencies need continuous and accurate information about the traffic situation. Level-of-Service (LOS) is a beneficial index of traffic operations used to monitor freeways. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) provides analytical methods to assess LOS based on traffic density and highway characteristics. Generally, obtaining reliable density data on every road in large networks using traditional fixed location sensors and cameras is expensive and otherwise unrealistic. Traditional intelligent transportation system facilities are typically limited to major urban areas in different states. Crowdsourced data are an emerging, low-cost solution that can potentially improve safety and operations. This study incorporates crowdsourced data provided by Waze to propose an algorithm for LOS assessment on an hourly basis. The proposed algorithm exploits various features from big data (crowdsourced Waze user alerts and speed/travel time variation) to perform LOS classification using machine learning models. Three categories of model inputs are introduced: Basic statistical measures of speed; travel time reliability measures; and the number of hourly Waze alerts. Data collected from fixed location sensors were used to calculate ground truth LOS. The results reveal that using Waze crowdsourced alerts can improve the LOS estimation accuracy by about 10% (accuracy = 0.93, Kappa = 0.83). The proposed method was also tested and confirmed by using data from after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with severe traffic breakdown due to a stay-at-home policy. The proposed method is extendible for freeways in other locations. The results of this research provide transportation agencies with a LOS method based on crowdsourced data on different freeway segments, regardless of the availability of traditional fixed location sensors.

scholarly journals A Soundwalk in the heart of Poblenou superblock in Barcelona: Preliminary study of the acoustic events

Noise Mapping ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès ◽  
Gerardo José Ginovart-Panisello ◽  
Marc Freixes ◽  
Antonella Radicchi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
New City

Abstract The Poblenou Superblock, in Barcelona, is a crucial element in the development of the new city-planning within the framework of the Superblock (Superilles) concept, whose principal aim is to recover the cultural, economic and social exchanges once produced in streets and squares. People living in urban areas need a lower traffic density, more green spaces and cleaner air in order to restore the previous uses of public spaces in their day-today lives. The urban actions conducted at this Superblock to change its uses were completed about 3 years ago, and neighbours and workers have already taken over the new spaces. In an interdisciplinary work on urban planning and acoustics, we detail the preliminary results of the acoustic events found in the recordings in a soundwalk in the heart of the Poblenou Superblock. Fifteen people evaluate and record sound fragments with the Hush City App application, in order to establish comparisons between the different points of the route, observe the spaces arranged for people and perceive the soundscape. Meanwhile, several acoustic technicians record 5-min long audios in the different stops designed for the soundwalk. The points chosen to make the recordings are very different from each other, some of them in the middle of gardens and others are on pacific streets and finally, we also wanted to include Superblock borders where the traffic is still very present. The results of our study were promising and have encouraged us to further investigate acoustics events in superblocks and include all the perceptual information provided by the Hush City App.

scholarly journals Online Travel Time Estimation in Urban Areas Using the Occupancy of Long Loop Detectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
W.K. Mak ◽  
F. Viti ◽  
S.P. Hoogendoorn ◽  
A. Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Travel Time Estimation ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Online Travel

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT KESESUAIAN DARI KLASIFIKASI KEPADATAN LALU LINTAS DAN WAKTU TEMPUH GOOGLE MAPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksita Amelia Paramesti ◽  
Dedi Atunggal
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic Classification ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Significant Difference

 Traffic congestion is one of problem that occur in big cities, therefore people need traffic information to determine traffic condition. One of many applications that provides traffic information is Google Maps. From the information generated, there are insuitability between google maps’s traffic update and travel time with the actual condition. So the aim of this study is to analyze the suitability level of traffic density classification and google maps travel time. Based on the speed range by Google, the level of suitability can be determined, while the google maps travel time is done by statistical tests. The statistical test used is a statistical test of two parameters using table t with 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the level of suitability of the traffic classification only reaches 35%. The low level of suitability is caused by network latency. While information on google maps travel time does not have a significant difference in actual time.

Deriving Traffic-Performance Measures and Levels of Service from Second-Order Statistical Features of Spatiotemporal Traffic Contour Maps

2003 ◽  
Vol 1858 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Statistical Measures

Little information has been successfully extracted from the wealth of data collected by intelligent transportation systems. Such information is needed for the efficiency of operations and management functions of traffic-management centers. A new set of second-order statistical measures derived from texture characterization techniques in the field of digital image analysis is presented. The main objective is to improve the data-analysis tools used in performance-monitoring systems and assessment of level of service. The new measures can extract properties such as smoothness, homogeneity, regularity, and randomness in traffic operations directly from constructed spatiotemporal traffic contour maps. To avoid information redundancy, a correlation matrix was examined for nearly 14,000 15-min speed contour maps generated for a 3.4-mi freeway section over a period of 5 weekdays. The result was a set of three second-order measures: angular second moment, contrast, and entropy. Each measure was analyzed to examine its sensitivity to various traffic conditions, expressed by the overall speed mean of each contour map. The study also presented a tentative approach, similar to the conventional one used in the Highway Capacity Manual, to evaluate the level of service for each contour map. The new set of level-of-service criteria can be applied in real time by using a stand-alone module that was developed in the study. The module can be readily implemented online and allows traffic-management center operators to tune a large set of related parameters.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transit Oriented Development Apartment Building to Pedestrian's Level of Service in Pondok Cina Station Using Microscopic Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Randy Asad Pradana ◽  
R. Jachrizal Sumabrata
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Microscopic Modeling ◽  
The Impact

The construction of the TOD apartment at the Pondok Cina Station will have an impact on the level of service at the venue. This has a positive impact because there is an increase in KRL users, but it also has the potential to cause problems due to the increased volume. This study aims to analyze the impact of TOD station Pondok Cina apartment development on station service level in 2022 condition and find the best solution to improve service level. The station model is created using PTV VISWALK 10. Validation testing is needed to determine the model is acceptable or not by comparing the model results and actual conditions in the field. Analysis of service level using HCM as a reference. There are several models performed, such as the condition of existing year 2018, condition year 2022 without apartment, condition 2022 with apartment, and alternative condition. Alternative conditions of total change in Pondok Cina station. After the simulation, see the performance of all models based on service level and travel time. The result show given the influence of the apartment, if nothing is done then the level of service worsens from LOS B to LOS E while travel time increases drastically from 78 seconds to 429 seconds by 2022.

Evaluating Travel Time Reliability Based on Fuzzy Logic

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 952-955
Author(s):  
Xiong Fei Zhang ◽  
Rui Min Li ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Qi Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Travel Time Distribution ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
Deviation Coefficient ◽  
Measure Of Performance ◽  
Stochastic Properties

Travel time reliability, as a measure of performance, is attracting more and more attention because unreliable transportation information hinders travelers’ decision making and creates difficulties for authorities to manage network operations. Since travel time reliability is closely related to the stochastic properties of the day-to-day travel time distribution, several statistical measures have been proposed, including standard deviation, coefficient of variation, buffer index, misery index and so on. Each of these measures is derived from travel time distribution but captures only one or two characteristics of travel time. In this paper, an effort is made to evaluate travel time reliability incorporating as many characteristics of travel time as possible based on fuzzy logic. The basic rules are: (1) the larger the variance is, the more unreliable the travel time is; (2) the larger the travel times of unlucky travelers are, the more unreliable the travel time is; (3) the larger the distribution skews to the left, the more unreliable the travel time is. The proposed methodology has been tested and analyzed with field data.

Accessibility Impacts of Park-and-Ride Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Carlson ◽  
Andrew Owen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Average Worker

This work presents a methodology for calculating park-and-ride (PNR) accessibility and provides case study results for the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota (Twin Cities) facility system. PNR is a form of mixed-mode transit travel which is studied for its impacts on access to opportunities. Regional PNR systems offer a long-standing and widespread example of the collective benefits of mixed-mode travel. The Twin Cities metropolitan region has over 100 PNR facilities that are primarily connected to business districts through express and limited-stop transit service. PNR trip types require automobile and transit travel time matrices to link across space and time to capture mixed-mode travel characteristics. The resulting matrix is used in a cumulative accessibility analysis in which total jobs accessible within a travel time threshold is the variable of interest. Experimental results indicate that PNR facilities affect the suburban transit accessibility profile more than exurban or urban areas during the morning commute. The average worker-weighted job accessibility for a 30-min PNR trip increases by 230% from the comparable walk-to-transit measure. The transit accessibility made available through PNR facilities highlights the need to include PNR trip types in transit accessibility analyses and suggests that current methods underestimate transit accessibility in suburban regions.

Accounting for composite travel time distributions within a traffic stream in determining Level-of-Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Anderson ◽  
Wonho Suh ◽  
Angshuman Guin ◽  
Michael Hunter ◽  
Michael O. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Traffic Stream
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