scholarly journals “Information”—from an Evolutionary Point of View

Information ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Kofler
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Point

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

scholarly journals Steps Towards an Evolutionary Account of Argumentative Competence

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Santibáñez Yáñéz
Keyword(s):  
Niche Construction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Informal Logic ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Tentative Explanation ◽  
Argumentative Competence ◽  
Evolutionary Point

In this paper a tentative explanation of the competence of argumentation from an evolutionary point of view is offered. Because in contemporary argumentation theory and the informal logic approach the evolutionary perspective has been neglected, this paper gives an initial overview on the matter with the hope that core aspects of the argumentative faculty—such as argumentative normativity, the function of arguments, or fallacious moves, among others—can be seen differently afterwards. In order to specify the proposal, the main concepts considered are the notion of collective intentionality, cooperation, reputation, niche construction and, of course, basic evolutionary terms.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Concept and Evolution of the Guardstone and Its Architectural Visualization of the Contemporary Religious and Cultural Diversities

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sasni Amarasekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Specific Study ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Academic Study

<p>This specific study deals with a unique piece of Buddhist architecture, the Guardstone found almost in every part of ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka spanning from Anuradhapura to Kandy period significantly. The Guardstone is an excellent piece of structure placed on either side of the first step of the flight of stairs at the entrance of ancient religious buildings or palaces in Sri Lanka. The origin of this architectural masterpiece is still to determine. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted in an evolutionary point of view that the guardstone has passed through several developmental stages from a simple slab to a highly sophisticated artifact in its dimensions, complexity and artistry. The numerous inclusions as well as exclusions from time to time to this artifact still remain uncertain as to whether they were due to secular or ecclesiastical reasons or simply due to the creators own culture influenced imagination. This study will peruse all the possible evidence that are available architecturally and to develop a logical reasoning for any identifiable characteristic and to elucidate with reasonable legitimacy as to how and why such a character is present or absent in a particular guardstone. This study in no way has any intention of rejecting or amending any proposition available at present but will pursue its best to shed light only on the attributes of a guardstone and to concentrate on the diversities of this beautiful monastic artifact that deserves serious academic study and meticulous aesthetic evaluation.</p>

scholarly journals Síntesis del conocimiento taxonómico, origen y domesticación del género Capsicum

2017 ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Hernández-Verdugo ◽  
Patricia Dávila ◽  
Ken Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Genus Capsicum ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Molecular Characters

The genus Capsicum consists of approximately 30 species of which C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum and C. pubescens are domesticated. Although Capsicum has been studied from the taxonomic and evolutionary point of view, using morphological, cytological and molecular characters, there are still sorne problems related to the taxonomic delimitation of the genus and its species, the nomenclature of the wild and cultivated forms, and the treatment of infraspecific variation. In order to determine the generic and specific taxonomic limits and to establish their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships, it is necessary to undertake these studies among all the taxa of the genus Capsicum. C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens are taxa that form a taxonomic complex that can be barely differentiated and at the present it is impossible to determine whether they belong to the same or different species. The center of origin of the genus Capsicum is in South America, in the region that comprises Bolivia, northern Argentina, and central and southern Brazil. The biogeographic and archeobotanical studies indicate that during the dispersion of Capsicum along the American Continent, some of the species were domesticated independently in different places: C. annuum in Mexico; C. frutescens in Costa Rica, and possibly also in Mexico; C: chinense in the Amazonas lowlands; C. baccaturn in Bolivia, and C. pubescens in the Andes. In Mexico, C. annuwn has been cultivated throughout all the country; C. frutescens in the central and south eastern regions; C. chinense in the Yucatán Península, and C. pubescens in the high lands of the central states. In addition, there are C. ciliatum and C. lanceolatum, two species that have never been used by man. Genetic and ecological studies on wild populations are very important for the use and conservation of this genetic resource.

Programmed Cell Death in Protozoa: An Evolutionary Point of View. The Example of Kinetoplastid Parasites

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Fuertes ◽  
Paul A. Nguewa ◽  
Josefina Castilla ◽  
Carlos Alonso ◽  
José Manuel Pérez Martín
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Constraining solution space to improve generalization

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
John A. Bullinaria
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Hidden Regularities ◽  
Evolutionary Point

I suggest that the difficulties inherent in discovering the hidden regularities in realistic (type-2) problems can often be resolved by learning algorithms employing simple constraints (such as symmetry and the importance of local information) that are natural from an evolutionary point of view. Neither “heavy-duty nativism” nor “representational recoding” appear to offer totally appropriate descriptions of such natural learning processes.

Dominance runs deep

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Seen in its historical context, Mazur & Booth's (M&B's) target article may come to be viewed as a turning point in the study of the biological basis of human behavior in general, and dominance in particular. To facilitate further research, suggestions are offered for making the definition of dominance more precise. From an evolutionary point of view, the testosterone-dominance link may be as important in women as it is in men.

An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4677-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dun-Xian Tan ◽  
Russel J Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Evolutionary View ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Abstract Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin’s biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.

The Generic Position and Phylogeny of Some Jurassic Arcidae

1930 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Arkell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
Evolutionary Point

The following observations are the result of working over the Middle Jurassic Arcidae with a view to monographic treatment of the Corallian and Bathonian species. The monographs must of necessity be slow in appearing, and in any case they are not the place to discuss the broader conclusions to which the investigations have led. The family is one full of interest from an evolutionary point of view, but an exceptionally involved maze of controversial matter, chiefly concerning nomenclature, by which the Arcidae have been burdened, has obscured the features of interest and the phylogeny.

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