scholarly journals Information Retrieval and Knowledge Organization: A Perspective from the Philosophy of Science

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Birger Hjørland
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Subject Knowledge ◽  
Research Fields

Information retrieval (IR) is about making systems for finding documents or information. Knowledge organization (KO) is the field concerned with indexing, classification, and representing documents for IR, browsing, and related processes, whether performed by humans or computers. The field of IR is today dominated by search engines like Google. An important difference between KO and IR as research fields is that KO attempts to reflect knowledge as depicted by contemporary scholarship, in contrast to IR, which is based on, for example, “match” techniques, popularity measures or personalization principles. The classification of documents in KO mostly aims at reflecting the classification of knowledge in the sciences. Books about birds, for example, mostly reflect (or aim at reflecting) how birds are classified in ornithology. KO therefore requires access to the adequate subject knowledge; however, this is often characterized by disagreements. At the deepest layer, such disagreements are based on philosophical issues best characterized as “paradigms”. No IR technology and no system of knowledge organization can ever be neutral in relation to paradigmatic conflicts, and therefore such philosophical problems represent the basis for the study of IR and KO.

scholarly journals Analytical review on information retrieval methods and applications in the Semantic Web

2016 ◽  
pp. 051-072
Author(s):  
I.J. Grishanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Search Model ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods ◽  
The Web

The article describes and analyzes the Information Retrieval (IR) methods and applications in the environment of Semantic Web. The author provided the basic Information Retrieval concepts, problems, models and classification of IR systems on various grounds. Examples of existing modern search engines, as well as highlighted the stages of development and listed a list of functional and architectural features of 3-rd search engines generation. The proposed model of IR extends the classification of search engines and search model with the possibility of finding new objects that have become available in the web, and use knowledge represented in the Semantic Web.

Classification of means and methods of the Web semantic retrieval

2017 ◽  
pp. 030-050
Author(s):  
J.V. Rogushina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Web Search ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Semantic Search ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
The Web

Problems associated with the improve ment of information retrieval for open environment are considered and the need for it’s semantization is grounded. Thecurrent state and prospects of development of semantic search engines that are focused on the Web information resources processing are analysed, the criteria for the classification of such systems are reviewed. In this analysis the significant attention is paid to the semantic search use of ontologies that contain knowledge about the subject area and the search users. The sources of ontological knowledge and methods of their processing for the improvement of the search procedures are considered. Examples of semantic search systems that use structured query languages (eg, SPARQL), lists of keywords and queries in natural language are proposed. Such criteria for the classification of semantic search engines like architecture, coupling, transparency, user context, modification requests, ontology structure, etc. are considered. Different ways of support of semantic and otology based modification of user queries that improve the completeness and accuracy of the search are analyzed. On base of analysis of the properties of existing semantic search engines in terms of these criteria, the areas for further improvement of these systems are selected: the development of metasearch systems, semantic modification of user requests, the determination of an user-acceptable transparency level of the search procedures, flexibility of domain knowledge management tools, increasing productivity and scalability. In addition, the development of means of semantic Web search needs in use of some external knowledge base which contains knowledge about the domain of user information needs, and in providing the users with the ability to independent selection of knowledge that is used in the search process. There is necessary to take into account the history of user interaction with the retrieval system and the search context for personalization of the query results and their ordering in accordance with the user information needs. All these aspects were taken into account in the design and implementation of semantic search engine "MAIPS" that is based on an ontological model of users and resources cooperation into the Web.

THE ISSUE OF CONTEXT AND SOCIOLOGICAL POETICS OF THE "BAKHTIN'S CIRCLE"

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Grigorii I. Nesmeyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
A Current

The article formulates main questions related to the concept of context. The issue of context is considered as a current-day interdisciplinary field of research. There are many definitions of context in dictionaries and in various humanities (including scientific disciplines). In connection with that issue various methodological approaches arise in the humanities, which can be designated by the umbrella term “contextual”. By the example of one of such approaches to the sociological poetics of the “Bakhtin’s circle”, the author substantiates the possibility of creating an interdisciplinary classification of contextual approaches. That classification may include scientific developments of different years and research fields, including: philosophical hermeneutics, a number of approaches to the Russian and foreign literary theory (M.M. Bakhtin, Yu.M. Lotman, B.M. Eichenbaum, F. Moretti, A. Compagnon, etc.), intellectual history, discourse analysis, etc.

scholarly journals Can the application of certain music information retrieval methods contribute to the machine learning classification of electrocardiographic signals?

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e06257
Author(s):  
Ennio Idrobo-Ávila ◽  
Humberto Loaiza-Correa ◽  
Rubiel Vargas-Cañas ◽  
Flavio Muñoz-Bolaños ◽  
Leon van Noorden
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Music Information Retrieval ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Information Retrieval Methods ◽  
Music Information

Analysis of Aluminium Beam-to-Column Joints by the Component Method: Existing Studies and Research Needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco De Matteis ◽  
Giuseppe Brando
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Component Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
New Research ◽  
Steel Joints

This paper aims at providing an overview on the current state of the art and on possible future developments concerning the component method implementation for the classification of beam-to-column joints belonging to aluminum moment resisting frames.After a brief discussion on the component method theoretical bases, developed in the past to give a feasible calculation procedure for steel joints, recent experimental and numerical studies, carried out for investigating some aluminum components, are presented and discussed. In particular strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge are put into evidence, also in light of the peculiarities that make aluminum alloys different from steel. The launch of new research fields, aimed at pursuing an update of the current codes dealing with aluminum structures, is therefore proposed.

Search Variability and Interlibrary Services

Infolib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Irina Krasilnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Electronic Catalogs ◽  
Information Retrieval Systems ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Search For Information

The urgency of the problem is associated with an increase in the number of electronic resources in many information and library institutions, the need to search for information from any sources, including external ones, the provision of documents from a group of funds (corporations), the presence of electronic catalogs and search systems. Finding information from catalogs and other search engines has always preceded the execution of orders in the interlibrary service. Borrowing and using documents from different collections (provision of interlibrary services) is possible only if there is up-to-date metadata of modern information retrieval systems (ISS). The purpose of the article is to summarize the results of studying several types of search engines. At the same time, attention was drawn to new scientific publications on the topic under study. An analysis of domestic and foreign materials on the options for searching for information is presented, which is very necessary for users, including those who are remote in the provision of interlibrary services.

Max Scheler’s Pluralistic Conception of Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (9999) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Stanisław Czerniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Philosophy Of Knowledge

This article aims to reconstruct Max Scheler’s conception of three types of knowledge, outlined in his late work Philosophical Perspectives (1928). Scheler distinguished three kinds of knowledge: empirical, used to exercise control over nature, eidetic (essential) and metaphysical. The author reviews the epistemological criteria that underlie this distinction, and its functionalistic assumptions. In the article’s polemic part he accuses Scheler of a) crypto-dualism in his theory of knowledge, which draws insufficient distinctions between metaphysical and eidetic knowledge; b) totally omitting the status of the humanities in his classification of knowledge types; c) consistently developing a philosophy of knowledge without resort to the research tools offered by the philosophy of science, which takes such analyses out of their social and historical context (i.e. how knowledge is created in today’s scientific communities).

scholarly journals ThManager: An Open Source Tool for Creating and Visualizing SKOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Lacasta ◽  
Javier Nogueras-Iso ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Pellicer ◽  
Pedro Rafail Muro-Medrano ◽  
Francisco Javier Zarazaga-Soria
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Open Source Tool ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Interchange Format

Knowledge organization systems denotes formally represented knowledge that is used within the context of digital libraries to improve data sharing and information retrieval. To increase their use, and to reuse them when possible, it is vital to manage them adequately and to provide them in a standard interchange format. Simple knowledge organization systems (SKOS) seem to be the most promising representation for the type of knowledge models used in digital libraries, but there is a lack of tools that are able to properly manage it. This work presents a tool that fills this gap, facilitating their use in different environments and using SKOS as an interchange format.

scholarly journals Query Recommendation Using Hybrid Query Relevance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Jialu Xu ◽  
Feiyue Ye
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Web Information ◽  
Query Recommendation

With the explosion of web information, search engines have become main tools in information retrieval. However, most queries submitted in web search are ambiguous and multifaceted. Understanding the queries and mining query intention is critical for search engines. In this paper, we present a novel query recommendation algorithm by combining query information and URL information which can get wide and accurate query relevance. The calculation of query relevance is based on query information by query co-concurrence and query embedding vector. Adding the ranking to query-URL pairs can calculate the strength between query and URL more precisely. Empirical experiments are performed based on AOL log. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed query recommendation algorithm, which achieves superior performance compared to other algorithms.

scholarly journals theoretical investigation about the notion of parts and wholes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barcellos ALMEIDA ◽  
Renata Abrantes BARACHO
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Issue Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Within the realm of Information Science, information retrieval is a seminal issue. Knowledge organization systems are instruments that organize knowledge by connecting concepts through semantic relations for purposes of information retrieval. One of the most important of these semantic relations is the so-called part-whole relation. In this paper, we revisit some peculiarities of part-whole relations that are often overlooked by the Information Science community. In order to do this, we provide a theoretical investigation of two perspectives used to explain the notion of parts and wholes: a formal perspective, which is based on the philosophical study usually called mereology; a non-formal perspective, which is based on the linguistic study about a relation called meronym. We discuss the relationship between these perspectives through the issue of transitivity, which is an important property of part-whole relations for information retrieval. We find that these perspectives, although distinguished, are somehow complementary. The results of our analysis suggest that the choice for either a formal or a non-formal perspective could be based on a pragmatic criterion in the scope of development of knowledge organization systems. We conclude by offering some considerations correlating two main sorts of these systems, namely ontologies and thesauri.

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