scholarly journals Psychophysiological Measures of Reactance to Persuasive Messages Advocating Limited Meat Consumption

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Spelt ◽  
Elisabeth Kersten-van Dijk ◽  
Jaap Ham ◽  
Joyce Westerink ◽  
Wijnand IJsselsteijn
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Language Condition ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Persuasive interventions can lose their effectiveness when a person becomes reactant to the persuasive messages—a state identified by feelings of anger and perceived threat to freedom. A person will strive to reestablish their threatened freedom, which is characterized by motivational arousal. Research suggests that the motivational state of psychological reactance can be observed in physiology. Therefore, the assessment of physiological reactions might help to identify reactance to persuasive messages and, thereby, could be an objective approach to personalize persuasive technologies. The current study investigates peripheral psychophysiological reactivity in response to persuasive messages. To manipulate the strength of the reactant response either high- or low-controlling language messages were presented to discourage meat consumption. The high-controlling language condition indeed evoked more psychological reactance, and sympathetic arousal did increase during persuasive messaging in heart rate and heart rate variability, although no clear relationship between physiological reactivity and self-reported psychological reactance was found. However, the evaluation of multiple linear models revealed that variance in self-reported psychological reactance was best explained by initial intentions in combination with cardiovascular reactivity. To conclude, considering physiological reactivity in addition to motivational state can benefit our understanding of psychological reactance.

The Psychophysiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lang ◽  
Lisa M. McTeague ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. Several decades of research are reviewed, assessing patterns of psychophysiological reactivity in anxiety patients responding to a fear/threat imagery challenge. Findings show substantive differences in these measures within principal diagnostic categories, questioning the reliability and categorical specificity of current diagnostic systems. Following a new research framework (US National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], Research Domain Criteria [RDoC]; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013 ), dimensional patterns of physiological reactivity are explored in a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients. Patients’ responses (e.g., startle reflex, heart rate) during fear/threat imagery varied significantly with higher questionnaire measured “negative affect,” stress history, and overall life dysfunction – bio-marking disorder groups, independent of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM). The review concludes with a description of new research, currently underway, exploring brain function indices (structure activation, circuit connectivity) as potential biological classifiers (collectively with the reflex physiology) of anxiety and mood pathology.

Reactance Proneness Assessment

2007 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Shen ◽  
J. Dillard
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Persuasive Message ◽  
Boomerang Effect ◽  
Health Threats

The theory of psychological reactance (Brehm, 1966; Brehm & Brehm, 1981; Wicklund, 1974) has often been called upon to explain the failure of persuasive attempts, and/or the “boomerang effect” in persuasion (Buller, Borland, & Burgoon, 1998; Burgoon, Alvaro, Grandpre, & Voulodakis, 2002; Grandpre, Alvaro, Burgoon, Miller, & Hall, 2003; Ringold, 2002). The theory contends that any persuasive message may arouse a motivation to reject the advocacy. That motivation is called reactance. Reactance may be considered to be an aversive motivational state that functions to reinstate an individual’s perceptions of autonomy. Although initially investigated as a state phenomenon, it has become evident that individuals are likely to vary in their trait propensity to experience reactance. Individual differences in reactance proneness offer a useful means of segmenting target audiences, especially in the context of health communication, because individuals most at risk for various health threats are also the individuals most likely to experience reactance when exposed to persuasive messages about that health risk (e.g., Bensley & Wu, 1991).

Emotional Experiences of Students in the Classroom

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimu Ahmed ◽  
Greetje van der Werf ◽  
Alexander Minnaert
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we report on a multimethod qualitative study designed to explore the emotional experiences of students in the classroom setting. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to explore the correspondence among nonverbal expressions, subjective feelings, and physiological reactivity (heart rate changes) of students’ emotions in the classroom; (2) to examine the relationship between students’ emotions and their competence and value appraisals; and (3) to determine whether task difficulty matters in emotional experiences. We used multiple methods (nonverbal coding scheme, video stimulated recall interview, and heart rate monitoring) to acquire data on emotional experiences of six grade 7 students. Concurrent correspondence analyses of the emotional indices revealed that coherence between emotional response systems, although apparent, is not conclusive. The relationship between appraisals and emotions was evident, but the effect of task difficulty appears to be minimal.

scholarly journals Physiologic Changes during Sponge Bathing in Premature Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Jongcheul Lee ◽  
Yaelim Lee
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Reactions

In this study, we observed physiological reactions of premature infants during sponge bathing in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The infants’ body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored to examine hypothermia risks during bathing. The participants of the study were 32 premature infants who were hospitalized right after their birth in the V hospital in Korea between December 2012 and August 2013. The informed consents of the study were received from the infants’ parents. The infants were randomly assigned into two-day and four-day bath cycle groups and their physiological reactions were monitored before bathing as well as 5 and 10 min after bathing. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package through t-test. A significant drop in body temperature was noted in both groups; that is, 4-day bathing cycle and 2-day bathing cycle (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in heart rate or transcutaneous oxygen levels. There was no significant change between groups at each measurement point. In order to minimize the physiological instability that may be caused during bathing, the care providers should try to complete bathing within the shortest possible time and to make bathing a pleasant and useful stimulus for infants.

Effects of Psychophysiological Reactivity to a School-Related Stressor and Temperament on Early Adolescents’ Academic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Scrimin ◽  
Ughetta Moscardino ◽  
Livio Finos ◽  
Lucia Mason
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Academic Functioning ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Seventh Graders ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Psychophysiological Response

This study investigated early adolescents’ psychophysiological response to a school-related stressor (SRS) as indexed by heart rate variability and examined the unique and interactive effects of heart rate variability and temperament on academic achievement. A total of 91 seventh graders watched an SRS video-clip while their heart rate variability was registered. Temperament and grades were also assessed. Heart rate variability decreased from baseline while watching the video-clip, indicating the activation of a stress response, and returned to basal level when recovering. Regression analyses revealed that among youth with an inhibited temperament, higher heart rate variability in the poststressor phase was related to better performance, whereas socially outgoing students performed well regardless of their recovery rate. These are among the first data to report on the link between early adolescents’ parasympathetic self-regulatory activity in response to an SRS, temperamental profiles, and academic functioning. Implications for theory and educational practice are discussed.

Acclimatization of calves to a hot dry environment

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Physiological Reactions

1. Three calves were individually exposed in a climatic room to an environment of 45° C. dry-bulb and 28° C. wet-bulb temperature for 21 successive days up to 5 hr. each day.2. In the 21-day period, mostly during the first half of it, the following changes in the physiological reactions of the animals were observed: progressive reductions in rectal temperature, in heart rate and in respiratory rate with a change of breathing from a laboured to a less laboured type.3. It was suggested that a decrease in metabolic heat production might play a part in the observed acclimatization.

scholarly journals Self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Mofaz ◽  
Matan Yechezkel ◽  
Grace Guan ◽  
Margaret L. Brandeau ◽  
Tal Patalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid rise in hospitalizations associated with the Delta-driven COVID-19 resurgence, and the imminent risk of hospital overcrowding, led the Israeli government to initialize a national third (booster) COVID-19 vaccination campaign in early August 2021, offering the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to individuals who received their second dose over five months ago. However, the safety of the third (booster) dose has not been fully established yet.ObjectiveEvaluate the short-term, self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose.DesignA prospective observational study, in which participants are equipped with a smartwatch and fill in a daily questionnaire via a dedicated mobile application for a period of 21 days, starting seven days before the vaccination.SettingAn Israel-wide third (booster) vaccination campaign.ParticipantsA group of 1,609 (18+ years of age) recipients of at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine between December 20, 2020, and September 15, 2021, out of a larger cohort of 2,912 prospective study participants. 1,344 of the participants were recipients of the third vaccine dose.MeasurementsDaily self-reported questionnaires regarding local and systemic reactions, mood level, stress level, sport duration, and sleep quality. Heart rate, heart rate variability and blood oxygen saturation level were continuously measured by Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatches.ResultsThe extent of systemic reactions reported following the third (booster) dose administration is similar to that reported following the second dose (p-value=0.305) and considerably greater than that reported following the first dose (p-value<0.001). Our analyses of self-reported well-being indicators as well as the objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by the smartwatches further support this finding. Focusing on the third dose, reactions were more apparent in younger participants (p-value<0.01), in women (p-value<0.001), and in participants with no underlying medical conditions (p-value<0.001). Nevertheless, reported reactions and changes in physiological measures returned to their baseline levels within three days from inoculation with the third dose.LimitationsParticipants may not adequately represent the vaccinated population in Israel and elsewhere.ConclusionOur work further supports the safety of a third COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (booster) vaccine dose from both a subjective and an objective perspective, particularly in individuals 65+ years of age and those with underlying medical conditions.Primary funding sourceEuropean Research Council (ERC) project #949850

scholarly journals The Influence of Changes in Acute Training Load on Daily Sensitivity of Morning-Measured Fatigue Variables in Elite Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-107-S2-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Barry Drust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate

Purpose:To determine the sensitivity of a range of potential fatigue measures to daily training load accumulated over the previous 2, 3, and 4 d during a short in-season competitive period in elite senior soccer players (N = 10).Methods:Total highspeed-running distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), submaximal heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (HRV: Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of 2-, 3-, and 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation on fatigue measures.Results:Fluctuations in perceived ratings of fatigue were correlated with fluctuations in total high-speed-running-distance accumulation covered on the previous 2 d (r = –.31; small), 3 d (r = –.42; moderate), and 4 d (r = –.28; small) (P < .05). Changes in HRex (r = .28; small; P = .02) were correlated with changes in 4-d total high-speed-running-distance accumulation only. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, CMJ, HRR%, and HRV and total high-speed-running distance were negligible and not statistically significant for all accumulation training loads.Conclusions:Perceived ratings of fatigue and HRex were sensitive to fluctuations in acute total high-speed-running-distance accumulation, although sensitivity was not systematically influenced by the number of previous days over which the training load was accumulated. The present findings indicate that the sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue variables to changes in training load is generally not improved when compared with training loads beyond the previous day’s training.

If Childish Gambino Cares, I Care: Celebrity Endorsements and Psychological Reactance to Social Marketing Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schartel Dunn ◽  
Gwendelyn Nisbett
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Heuristic Evaluation ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Message Source ◽  
Positive Message ◽  
The Impact

Background: Increasingly, celebrities are used as spokespeople for nearly all types of marketing. Endorsements can build positive celebrity-brand associations, resulting in favorable brand, product, or issue knowledge. Focus of the Article: This project examines the impact of celebrity influence in social marketing campaigns. Source and receiver characteristics are used to explore how people react to such persuasive messages from celebrities and how those reactions influence behavior. Research Question: Do race (RQ1) and gender (RQ2) of celebrity influence perceptions of (a) credibility, (b) similarity, and (c) heuristic evaluation? How do these factors influence message evaluation (RQ3)? Perceptions of (a) source credibility and (b) similarity as well as (c) heuristic evaluations will increase positive message evaluations (H1). Such positive message evaluations will increase behavioral intentions (H4). Level of (a) perceived source credibility, (b) perceived similarity, and (c) heuristic evaluation of a message is negatively related to message reactance (H2). The level of psychological reactance to a message source is negatively related to behavioral intent related to the message topic (H3). Importance to the Social Marketing Field: The objective of this study is to better understand how characteristics of celebrities, perceptions of the celebrities, and psychological barriers impact intended behavior change attributed to a social marketing message. Because social marketing seeks behavior change as part of an exchange with the targeted audiences, this study contributes a basic understanding of how attributes of the speaker impact social marketing effectiveness. Methods: An experiment was conducted ( N = 798) comparing how persuasive messages from celebrities of different genders and races are perceived. Results: Results indicate that there are significant differences in how persuasive messages from female celebrities are received as compared to messages from male celebrities. Further, race was shown to play a role in feelings of psychological reactance in response to the persuasive messages. Recommendations for Research of Practice: Results suggests marketers should seek out celebrity spokespeople who have the ability to be well-liked by members of the targeted market. The desire to identify with the message source can be a significant enough benefit to inspire behavior change. Having a spokesperson the audience wants to align themselves with is positively correlated with behavioral intentions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality on Inducing Anxiety for Exposure Therapy: A Comparison Using Heart Rate Variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai-Fen Tsai ◽  
Shih-Ching Yeh ◽  
Yanyan Huang ◽  
Zhengyu Wu ◽  
Jianjun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Survey Questionnaires ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by the fear of enclosed spaces. Although medication treatment can effectively control symptoms, the effects quickly disappear once medication is discontinued. Many studies have shown that combining psychotherapy and medication is more efficacious than solely using medication. However, the weaknesses of the traditional psychotherapy are that it is time-consuming and expensive. Alternatively, vivo exposure therapy is proposed in which anxiety is gradually triggered with stimuli. Targeting claustrophobia is diagnosed using the traditional method, and this study established virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) environments consistent with claustrophobic characteristics, comparing the two using an experimental process to examine whether VR and AR environments are equally capable of triggering anxiety in participants. This study further analysed the efficacies of VR and AR by measuring changes in participant’s heart rates variability (HRV) and examining data from survey questionnaires. HRV results indicated that the proposed VR system and AR system were both able to trigger anxiety. Furthermore, the AR environment produced a stronger experience for the participants and caused physiological reactions more evident than those caused by the VR environment. Regarding the anxiety questionnaire, the participants suggested that their anxiety was significantly higher in the VR environment than in the AR environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document