scholarly journals COVID-19 in Joint Ageing and Osteoarthritis: Current Status and Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Marianne Lauwers ◽  
Manting Au ◽  
Shuofeng Yuan ◽  
Chunyi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is a trending topic worldwide due to its immense impact on society. Recent trends have shifted from acute effects towards the long-term morbidity of COVID-19. In this review, we hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 contributes to age-related perturbations in endothelial and adipose tissue, which are known to characterize the early aging process. This would explain the long-lasting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 as the result of an accelerated aging process. Connective tissues such as adipose tissue and musculoskeletal tissue are the primary sites of aging. Therefore, current literature was analyzed focusing on the musculoskeletal symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Hypovitaminosis D, increased fragility, and calcium deficiency point towards bone aging, while joint and muscle pain are typical for joint and muscle aging, respectively. These characteristics could be classified as early osteoarthritis-like phenotype. Exploration of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and osteoarthritis on endothelial and adipose tissue, as well as neuronal function, showed similar perturbations. At a molecular level, this could be attributed to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, renin-angiotensin system dysfunction, and inflammation. Finally, the influence of the nicotinic cholinergic system is being evaluated as a new treatment strategy. This is combined with the current knowledge of musculoskeletal aging to pave the road towards the treatment of long-term COVID-19.

Behavioral Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Ferris ◽  
Mary S. Mittelman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
The Impact

In examining the current status and future potential of behavioral treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to begin by defining the scope and goals of such treatments. The category of behavioral treatments includes not only nonpharmacologic techniques to modify or enhance patient behavior, but also psychosocial interventions applied to family members and paid care providers. Caregiver interventions are important because they can reduce the negative impact of AD on those directly and indirectly affected by the disease. Based on current knowledge about the pathophysiology of AD, it is not considered likely that behavioral treatments can have a direct impact on the disease itself by affecting its clinical onset, rate of progression, or prognosis. Although it is conceivable that certain long-term behavioral interventions might delay onset of symptoms (e.g., mental “exercise” to enhance dendritic growth and increase “cognitive reserve,” or long-term stress reduction methods to minimize possible degenerative central nervous system effects of chronic stress), such approaches remain speculative, and their effectiveness would be difficult and expensive to demonstrate. Thus, the current goal of behavioral treatments is to reduce the negative effects of AD on the patient, on the patient's primary caregiver and immediate family, on the healthcare system, and on society as a whole. Such a goal is far from trivial because (a) successful treatment of primary pathophysiology is not on the immediate horizon, and (b) the impact of AD on the family and society represents a major cost of this tragic disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy: Risk of Vertical Transmission, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Marwa Saadaoui ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide, critical public health challenge and is considered one of the most communicable diseases that the world had faced so far. Response and symptoms associated with COVID-19 vary between the different cases recorded, but it is amply described that symptoms become more aggressive in subjects with a weaker immune system. This includes older subjects, patients with chronic diseases, patients with immunosuppression treatment, and pregnant women. Pregnant women are receiving more attention not only because of their altered physiological and immunological function but also for the potential risk of viral vertical transmission to the fetus or infant. However, very limited data about the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy, such as the possibility of vertical transmission in utero, during birth, or via breastfeeding, is available. Moreover, the impact of infection on the newborn in the short and long term remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is vital to collect and analyze data from pregnant women infected with COVID-19 to understand the viral pathophysiology during pregnancy and its effects on the offspring. In this article, we review the current knowledge about pre-and post-natal COVID-19 infection, and we discuss whether vertical transmission takes place in pregnant women infected with the virus and what are the current recommendations that pregnant women should follow in order to be protected from the virus.

scholarly journals Dryland Food Security in Ethiopia: Current Status, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6503
Author(s):  
Yu Peng ◽  
Hubert Hirwa ◽  
Qiuying Zhang ◽  
Guoqin Wang ◽  
Fadong Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
The Impact

Given the impact of COVID-19 and the desert locust plague, the Ethiopian food security issue has once again received widespread attention. Its food crisis requires comprehensive and systematic research to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger. This review discusses the current situation and the causes of food security in Ethiopia. We focus on the challenges in the food security assessment field. The article lists seven typical causes of food insecurity and three roots of food security in Ethiopia. Long-term food security assessment and a comprehensive understanding and manageability for food security causes are considered as the main existing research challenges. Climate-resilient management, water management, and long-term ecosystem network monitoring and data mining are suggested as potential roadmap for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Behavioral Intervention on Obesity Mediated Declines in Mobility Function: Implications for Longevity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Nocera ◽  
Thomas W. Buford ◽  
Todd M. Manini ◽  
Kelly Naugle ◽  
Christiaan Leeuwenburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Mobility Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

A primary focus of longevity research is to identify prognostic risk factors that can be mediated by early treatment efforts. To date, much of this work has focused on understanding the biological processes that may contribute to aging process and age-related disease conditions. Although such processes are undoubtedly important, no current biological intervention aimed at increasing health and lifespan exists. Interestingly, a close relationship between mobility performance and the aging process has been documented in older adults. For example, recent studies have identified functional status, as assessed by walking speed, as a strong predictor of major health outcomes, including mortality, in older adults. This paper aims to describe the relationship between the comorbidities related to decreased health and lifespan and mobility function in obese, older adults. Concurrently, lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, are described as a means to improve mobility function and thereby limit the functional limitations associated with increased mortality.

Temporal changes in an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) population

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. East ◽  
J. Daren Riedle ◽  
Day B. Ligon
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Macrochelys Temminckii ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Data

Context Monitoring populations of long-lived species requires continuous long-term efforts. This is especially applicable for species that have experienced declines range-wide. Aims Our study assessed the current status of a population of wild Macrochelys temminckii and compared the present results to those from a survey conducted nearly a decade ago. Methods Trapping in 2010–2011 was conducted on two creeks within the refuge, during the months of May–July. Capture data were compared with data collected by similar methods in 1997–2001. Key results The population structure of M. temminckii was dominated by juveniles, with few large adults or small juveniles detected and a missing size class was evident. Retrospective analysis of 1997–2001 data revealed that the population was likely to be in decline even then, despite high capture rates. Conclusions The M. temminckii population showed significant declines that indicated that the population had experienced stressors of unknown origin. The status of M. temminckii at the refuge is concerning, given the protection afforded this remnant population. Implications Short-term data from 1997–2001 indicated a healthy M. temminckii population, whereas longer-term data showed that the population has declined, resulting in significant demographic changes. Continued monitoring will be necessary to develop management recommendations and track the impact of implemented management practices. Longer-term monitoring of long-lived vertebrates is required to identify population trends.

Geochemical Behaviour of Uranium in Sedimentary Formations: Insights From a Natural Analogue Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Noseck ◽  
Vaclava Havlova ◽  
Juhani Suksi ◽  
Thomas Brasser ◽  
Radek Cervinka
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Natural Analogue ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Sedimentary System ◽  
The Impact

Groundwater data from the natural analogue site Ruprechtov have been evaluated with special emphasis on the uranium behaviour in the so-called uranium-rich clay/lignite horizon. In this horizon in-situ Eh-values in the range of −160 to −280 mV seem to be determined by the SO42−/HS− couple. Under these conditions U(IV) is expected to be the preferential redox state in solution. However, on-site measurements in groundwater from the clay/lignite horizon show only a fraction of about 20% occurring in the reduced state U(IV). Thermodynamic calculations reveal that the high CO2 partial pressure in the clay/lignite horizon can stabilise hexavalent uranium, which explains the occurrence of U(VI). The calculations also indicate that the low uranium concentrations in the range between 0.2 and 2.1μg/l are controlled by amorphous UO2 and/or the U(IV) phosphate mineral ningyoite. This confirms the findings from previous work that the uranium (IV) mineral phases are long-term stable under the reducing conditions in the clay/lignite horizon without any signatures for uranium mobilisation. It supports the current knowledge of the geological development of the site and is also another important indication for the long-term stability of the sedimentary system itself, namely of the reducing geochemical conditions in the near-surface (30m to 60 m deep) clay/lignite horizon. Further work with respect to the impact of changes in redox conditions on the uranium speciation is on the way.

scholarly journals The Impact of Long‐Term Physical Activity on Age‐Related Changes in Protein and Gene Expression

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R Lanza ◽  
Daniel K Short ◽  
Kevin R Short ◽  
Yan W Asmann ◽  
Sreekumar Raghavakaimal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé ◽  
José L. Peñalvo ◽  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Maria José Motilva
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wine Polyphenols ◽  
The Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual’s oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described.

The impact of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue on long-term survival in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3585-3585
Author(s):  
Michael B. Sawyer ◽  
Jessica Hopkins ◽  
Rebecca Reif ◽  
David Bigam ◽  
Vickie E. Baracos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of telomerase ablation on organismal viability, aging, and tumorigenesis in mice lacking the DNA repair proteins PARP-1, Ku86, or DNA-PKcs

2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Espejel ◽  
Peter Klatt ◽  
Josiane Ménissier-de Murcia ◽  
Juan Martín-Caballero ◽  
Juana M. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dna Repair Proteins ◽  
Telomere Function ◽  
Telomere Capping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parp 1 ◽  
Deficient Mice

The DNA repair proteins poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), Ku86, and catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) have been involved in telomere metabolism. To genetically dissect the impact of these activities on telomere function, as well as organismal cancer and aging, we have generated mice doubly deficient for both telomerase and any of the mentioned DNA repair proteins, PARP-1, Ku86, or DNA-PKcs. First, we show that abrogation of PARP-1 in the absence of telomerase does not affect the rate of telomere shortening, telomere capping, or organismal viability compared with single telomerase-deficient controls. Thus, PARP-1 does not have a major role in telomere metabolism, not even in the context of telomerase deficiency. In contrast, mice doubly deficient for telomerase and either Ku86 or DNA-PKcs manifest accelerated loss of organismal viability compared with single telomerase-deficient mice. Interestingly, this loss of organismal viability correlates with proliferative defects and age-related pathologies, but not with increased incidence of cancer. These results support the notion that absence of telomerase and short telomeres in combination with DNA repair deficiencies accelerate the aging process without impacting on tumorigenesis.

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