scholarly journals Morphophysiological and Proteomic Responses on Plants of Irradiation with Electromagnetic Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12239
Author(s):  
Zhuoheng Zhong ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiaojian Yin ◽  
Jingkui Tian ◽  
Setsuko Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Wide Range

Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants are insufficiently addressed. In the agricultural area, electromagnetic-wave irradiation has been used to develop crop varieties, manage insect pests, monitor fertilizer efficiency, and preserve agricultural produce. According to different frequencies and wavelengths, electromagnetic waves are typically divided into eight spectral bands, including audio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. In this review, among these electromagnetic waves, effects of millimeter waves, ultraviolet, and gamma rays on plants are outlined, and their response mechanisms in plants through proteomic approaches are summarized. Furthermore, remarkable advancements of irradiating plants with electromagnetic waves, especially ultraviolet, are addressed, which shed light on future research in the electromagnetic field.

HEALTH HAZARDS FROM MOBILE TOWER: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Avni KP Skandhan ◽  
Skandhan KP ◽  
Prasad BS
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
Smart Tv

Our knowledge on X-rays, gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation is ionising . Non-ionising gadget radiation is from Mobile Phone, Laptop, Tablet Smart TV etc. and harmful radiations is from mobile towers . FM radio waves, Microwaves, Visible light are also other forms of non-ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH ANISOTROPIC MEDIA UNDER HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN THE MODE OF VIDEO-PULSE SIGNALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
V. F. Yanushkevich ◽  
K. I. Ivanova ◽  
M. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Video Pulse ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit

The article presents the simulation of the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the mode of video pulse signals with the medium over hydrocarbon deposits. The analysis of the spectra of reflected video pulse signals from the medium over hydrocarbons is carried out. A study of the propagation of radio waves over hydrocarbons is carried out within the framework of a quasihydrodynamic approximation. The choice of the frequencies of video pulse signals is due to the determination of media characteristics over deposits at great depths compared to the surface of the earth. The spectrum of reflected signals from an anisotropic medium above a hydrocarbon deposit in the mode of video pulse signals can be used to determine the electrodynamic characteristics of the medium over the deposit over a wide range of frequencies of probed signals, dielectric permittivities and conductivity of media. The ability to reconfigure a geo-prospecting device from one mode to another (pulse width adjustment) in the presence of a deposit complements the functionality to search for hydrocarbon deposits. Electromagnetic methods for the search for and identification of hydrocarbons can be improved by obtaining information about objects through several information channels, which allows them to be identified with a sufficiently high level of reliability on the background of the underlying environment. The depths of occurrence, the resolving power in the investigated frequency range are determined. The results of the research can be used to develop new electromagnetic methods for the search for hydrocarbon deposits.

The Behavior Chain Interruption Strategy: A Review of Research and Discussion of Future Directions

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Carter ◽  
Julie Grunsell
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavior Chain ◽  
Teaching Procedure ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Naturalistic Teaching ◽  
Wide Range

This review examines research studies that utilize the behavior chain interruption strategy (BCIS) to teach communication skills to individuals with severe disabilities. The BCIS is a naturalistic teaching procedure that uses an interruption to a behavior chain (i.e., a routine) as the point of instruction. The BCIS has been successfully applied to the teaching of communication skills to individuals across a wide range of ages and of levels of disability, including learners with multiple disabilities. It has been employed to teach a range of communication forms, including pictorial communication systems, natural gestures, signing, and a switch activated communication device. However, a number of questions remain regarding the BCIS. In particular, it is questioned whether the type of interruptions employed in the procedure are likely to occur outside a training context and whether communication taught with the procedure generalizes to out-of-routine contexts. Implications for practice are considered and suggestions are offered for future research.

6. Electromagnetic waves

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-99
Author(s):  
Mike Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

‘Electromagnetic waves’ considers the history of the scientific investigation into the electromagnetic spectrum, including Einstein’s insight into the quantized nature of electromagnetic radiation. It explains that the only difference between light, radio waves, and all the other forms of electromagnetic radiation is the length of the fictitious-but-convenient waves or, equivalently, the energy of the photons involved. These different energies lead to different mechanisms for the formation and absorption of the different kinds of radiation, and it is this which gives rise to their different behaviours. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays are all discussed.

Principles of Microwave Radiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CURNUTTE
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Transmission And Absorption

Microwaves, such as those used in cooking and processing food, are part of the broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation which includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultra-violet radiation, x-rays and Gamma rays. Electromagnetic radiation has a dual nature, it is both wave-like and particle-like. An understanding of this dual nature of electromagnetic radiation is necessary for an understanding of the processes of emission, transmission and absorption of microwaves, which is in turn necessary for understanding the processes and phenomena which are important in the use of microwave radiation as a source of energy for heating and food processing. The properties of electromagnetic waves and the processes of emission. transmission and absorption are described and some effects in microwave-heating applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Radio Constraints of Dark Matter: A Review and Some Future Perspectives

Galaxies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Man Ho Chan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Dark Matter Annihilation ◽  
Radio Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radio Detection

In the past few decades, many studies have analyzed the data of gamma-rays, X-rays, radio waves, electrons, positrons, anti-protons, and neutrinos to search for the signal of dark matter annihilation. In particular, analyzing radio data has been one of the most important and effective ways to constrain dark matter. In this article, we review the physics and the theoretical framework of using radio data to constrain annihilating dark matter. We also review some important radio constraints of annihilating dark matter and discuss the future perspectives of using radio detection to reveal the nature of dark matter.

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Observations of Pulsars

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 789-795
Author(s):  
M. P. Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emission Models

AbstractWe report on Compton Gamma Ray Observatory observations of six detected pulsars: the Crab, Vela, Geminga, PSR B1509-58, PSR B1706-44, and PSR B1055-52. We combine these data with radio data and X-ray data to provide an overview of what is known about gamma-ray pulsars. We discuss light curves, spectra, and radio/gamma-ray phase offsets, and present several tentative patterns in the data. These include constant phase with γ-ray energy; a correlation between gamma-ray and X-ray luminosity; an anticorrelation between the gamma-ray luminosity and the efficiency in converting rotational energy loss into gamma-ray flux; and a correlation between the pulsar period and radio/gamma-ray phase offset. We also suggest that the emission models that have been proposed to date cannot explain the similarities of the average gamma-ray light curves observed over a wide range of energies. Further, unless a narrow beam is assumed, pulsars such as PSR B1055-52 and Geminga appear to be radiating a significant fraction of their rotational energy loss in the form of gamma rays.Subject headings: gamma rays: observations — pulsars: general — radio continuum: stars — X-rays: stars

scholarly journals An Efficient RF Energy Harvesting System for low power applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3510-3513
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Rf Energy

Next generations energy sources of Radio frequency [3MHz-300GHz] are the (QoS).The QoS is going to presents a on the progress of RF energy harvesting techniques. RF based wireless charging methodology are presenting the key to overcome the current issues in harvesting system Radio wave creates the radio frequency (RF) which is one of the sources of energy. The combination of electric and magnetic fields moving together in space forms the electromagnetic energy. The region in which these waves are found is called an electromagnetic field. In this modern electronic era radio waves can be used for many applications in according to the user requirements. Electromagnetic energy can travel through wireless medium so it can be used in a wide range of wireless applications.

scholarly journals Commission 44: Space & High Energy Astrophysics

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (T26A) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Okuda ◽  
Gunther Hasinger ◽  
M. D. Arnaud ◽  
S. Bludman ◽  
J. Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Space Observations

Division XI was born by merging Commission 44 “Space and High Energy Astrophysics” and Commission 48 “High Energy Astrophysics” by the decision at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague (1994). As the naming of space astronomy is technique oriented, i.e. astronomy from space, it covers quite a wide range of astronomy, almost all branches of astronomy are included by the progress of space observations. Historically, it started from high energy astronomy, UV, X, and gamma rays astronomy, somewhat including cosmic ray physics. However, in these days, space observations have expanded to low energy astronomy, such as optical, infrared, submillimeter and even radio waves(Space VLBI).

scholarly journals The structure of some crystals as indicated by their diffraction of X-rays

1913 ◽  
Vol 89 (610) ◽  
pp. 248-277 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Regular Point ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Point System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Original Memoir ◽  
Homogeneous Wave ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Narrow Bands

A new method of investigating the structure of a crystal has been afforded by the work of Laue* and his collaborators on the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. The phenomena which they were the first to investigate, and which have since been observed by many others, lend themselves readily to the explanation proposed by Laue, who supposed that electromagnetic waves of very short wave-lengths were diffracted by a set of small obstacles arranged on a regular point system in space. In analysing the interference pattern obtained with a zincblende crystal, Laue, in his original memoir, came to the conclusion that the primary radiation possessed a spectrum consisting of narrow bands, in fact, that it was composed of a series of six or seven approximately homogeneous wave trains. In a recent paper I tried to show that the need for assuming this complexity was avoided by the adoption of a point system for the cubic crystal of zincblende which differed from the system considered by Laue. I supposed the diffracting centres to be arranged in a simple cubic space lattice, the element of the pattern being a cube with a point at each corner, and one at the centre of each cube face. A simpler conception of the radiation then became possible. It might be looked on as continuous over a wide range of wave-lengths, or as a series of independent pulses, and there was no longer any need to assume the existence of lines or narrow bands in its spectrum.

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