scholarly journals Photoactivatable nanoCRISPR/Cas9 System Based on crRNA Reversibly Immobilized on Carbon Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10919
Author(s):  
Olga Semikolenova ◽  
Lubov Sakovina ◽  
Elizaveta Akhmetova ◽  
Daria Kim ◽  
Ivan Vokhtantsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach

Here, we proposed a new approach to engineering a photoactivatable CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system. The novel nanoCRISPR/Cas9 system is based on the use of auxiliary photocleavable oligodeoxyribonucleotides (PC-DNAs) complementary to crRNA. PC-DNAs contained up to three UV-sensitive linkers made of 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,2-ethanediol inside the oligonucleotide chain. Immobilizing PC-DNAs on the surface of carbon nanoparticles through 3′-terminal pyrene residue provided sufficient blocking of crRNA (and corresponding Cas9 activity) before UV irradiation and allows for crRNA release after UV irradiation at 365 nm, which restores Cas9 activity. We optimized the length of blocking photocleavable oligonucleotide, number of linkers, time of irradiation, and the type of carbon nanoparticles. Based on the results, we consider the nanoCRISPR/Cas9 system involving carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles the most promising. It provides the greatest difference of functional activity before/after irradiation and can be used in prospective for magnetic field-controlled delivery of CRISPR system into the target cells or tissues and spatiotemporal gene editing induced by UV irradiation.

scholarly journals New approach to describe two coupled spins in a variable magnetic field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Belousov ◽  
Roberto Grimaudo ◽  
Antonino Messina ◽  
Agostino Migliore ◽  
Alessandro Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Variable Magnetic Field ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intermolecular Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Energy Transfer ◽  
High Absorption

For many years, the research on conjugated polymers (CPs) has been mainly focused on their application in organic electronics. Recent works, however, show that due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of CPs, such as high absorption in UV–Vis or even near-infrared (NIR) region and efficient intra-/intermolecular energy transfer, which can be relatively easily optimized, CPs can be considered as an effective light-activated source of versatile and highly reactive singlet oxygen for medical or catalytic use. The aim of this short review is to present the novel possibilities that lie dormant in those exceptional polymers with the extended system of π-conjugated bonds.

An application of high-temperature superconductors YBCO to magnetic separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (25) ◽  
pp. 1745001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiudong Guo ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Lin Bo ◽  
Guibin Zeng ◽  
Dengqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Ybco Tape

With the rapid development of manufacturing technology of high temperature superconductive YB[Formula: see text]Cu3O[Formula: see text] YBCO materials and decreasing in cost of production, YBCO is marching into industrial areas with its good performances as source of high-magnetic field and rather low cost in reaching superconductivity. Based on analysis of the performance of high temperature superconductors YBCO and development of technology in superconductive magnetic separation both home and abroad, we propose a new approach of taking YBCO tape to make a solenoid as the source of a high magnetic field of magnetic separatior of ores. The paper also looks into the future of the YBCO high temperature superconductive magnetic separation from the perspective of technology and cost, as well as its applications in other industries.

scholarly journals Comparison of the measured and modelled electron densities and temperatures in the ionosphere and plasmasphere during 20-30 January, 1993

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Pavlov ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
K.-I. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Heating ◽  
Vibrational Levels ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. We present a comparison of the electron density and temperature behaviour in the ionosphere and plasmasphere measured by the Millstone Hill incoherent-scatter radar and the instruments on board of the EXOS-D satellite with numerical model calculations from a time-dependent mathematical model of the Earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere during the geomagnetically quiet and storm period on 20–30 January, 1993. We have evaluated the value of the additional heating rate that should be added to the normal photoelectron heating in the electron energy equation in the daytime plasmasphere region above 5000 km along the magnetic field line to explain the high electron temperature measured by the instruments on board of the EXOS-D satellite within the Millstone Hill magnetic field flux tube in the Northern Hemisphere. The additional heating brings the measured and modelled electron temperatures into agreement in the plasmasphere and into very large disagreement in the ionosphere if the classical electron heat flux along magnetic field line is used in the model. A new approach, based on a new effective electron thermal conductivity coefficient along the magnetic field line, is presented to model the electron temperature in the ionosphere and plasmasphere. This new approach leads to a heat flux which is less than that given by the classical Spitzer-Harm theory. The evaluated additional heating of electrons in the plasmasphere and the decrease of the thermal conductivity in the topside ionosphere and the greater part of the plasmasphere found for the first time here allow the model to accurately reproduce the electron temperatures observed by the instruments on board the EXOS-D satellite in the plasmasphere and the Millstone Hill incoherent-scatter radar in the ionosphere. The effects of the daytime additional plasmaspheric heating of electrons on the electron temperature and density are small at the F-region altitudes if the modified electron heat flux is used. The deviations from the Boltzmann distribution for the first five vibrational levels of N2(v) and O2(v) were calculated. The present study suggests that these deviations are not significant at the first vibrational levels of N2 and O2 and the second level of O2, and the calculated distributions of N2(v) and O2(v) are highly non-Boltzmann at vibrational levels v > 2. The resulting effect of N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0) on NmF2 is the decrease of the calculated daytime NmF2 up to a factor of 1.5. The modelled electron temperature is very sensitive to the electron density, and this decrease in electron density results in the increase of the calculated daytime electron temperature up to about 580 K at the F2 peak altitude giving closer agreement between the measured and modelled electron temperatures. Both the daytime and night-time densities are not reproduced by the model without N2(v > 0) and O2(v > 0), and inclusion of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 brings the model and data into better agreement.Key words: Ionosphere (ionospheric disturbances; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; plasma temperature and density)  

Impact of partially thermal electrons on the propagation characteristics of extraordinary mode in relativistic regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Noureen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Relativistic Limit ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Relativistic Regime ◽  
Dirac Distribution ◽  
Relativistic Fermi

Abstract On employing linearized Vlasov–Maxwell equations the solution of relativistic electromagnetic extraordinary mode is investigated for the wave propagating perpendicular to a uniform ambient magnetic field (in the presence of arbitrary magnetic field limit i.e., ω > Ω > k.v) in partially degenerate (i.e., for T F ≥ T and T ≠ 0) electron plasma under long wavelength limit (ω ≫ k.v). Due to the inclusion of weak quantum degeneracy the relativistic Fermi–Dirac distribution function is expanded under the relativistic limit ( m 0 2 c 2 2 p 2 < 1 $\frac{{m}_{0}^{2}{c}^{2}}{2{p}^{2}}{< }1$ ) to perform momentum integrations which generate the Polylog functions. The propagation characteristics and shifting of cutoff points of the extraordinary mode are examined in different relativistic density and magnetic field ranges. The novel graphical results of extraordinary mode in relativistic quantum partially degenerate (for μ T = 0 $\frac{\mu }{T}=0$ ), nondegenerate (for μ T ≈ − 1 $\frac{\mu }{T}\approx -1$ ) and fully/completely degenerate (for μ T ≈ $\frac{\mu }{T}\approx $ 1) environments are obtained and the previously reported results are retraced as well.

Mobility-as-a-Service: Simulation of Multi-Modal Operations in Low-Density Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110398
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Essam Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Modal Interactions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Interactions ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Urban Characteristics

In the case of the low-density city, empirical evidence continuously demonstrates that transit investment is not a magic bullet. Desirable outcomes are not guaranteed and are often dependent on development density and other urban characteristics. Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) presents a new approach: a digital platform providing access to multi-modal travel alternatives and totally comprehensive integrated trip-making, planning, and payment services. Review of the literature highlights shortcomings in traditional transportation planning by examining aspects of multi-modal planning such as adoption, parterships, operations, integration, capacity implications, and impact analyses. To enhance the practice of multi-modal planning, the following experiment evaluates various performance measures and inter-modal interactions on International Drive in Orlando, Florida, U.S., via D- and I-optimal experimental designs in a simulated MaaS network. Alternative scenarios are developed comparing varied modal shares across five travel modes: personal vehicles, transit, ridesourcing (or ride-hailing), micro-mobility, and walking. The modal effects are analyzed to highlight the strengths and weakness of each mode under a variety of congestion conditions. While transit enjoys the lowest impact per person, ridesourcing demonstrates adverse effects across all measures. Based on the novel interactions of transit and ridesourcing with directional demand, strategies are outlined for optimizing ridesourcing-transit integration to reduce route travel time, queuing, and overall network delay. The performance impacts of curbside facilities are also discussed for improved multi-modal integration at the street level. These findings are applied to propose a framework for effective planning and implementation of mobility services in low-density cities, focused on operations, city-level connectivity, and curbside management.

Novel synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolines catalysed by Zepto magnetic microspheres under the influence of a rotating magnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Srinivasu V. Vallabhapurapu ◽  
Wei H. Ho ◽  
Nanjundaswamy M. Hemmaragala
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Microspheres ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aryl Azides ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Novel Synthesis ◽  
Bead Diameter ◽  
Magnetic Poles

The novel reactor has been designed to perform chemical reactions under the influence of a magnetic field generated by alternating magnetic poles as a function of time. The system was successfully employed to synthesize a series of 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolines via the regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between alkyl/aryl azides and nitroolefins catalysed by Zepto (para magnetic ultra-blue carboxy functionalized) microspheres (bead diameter 2.5 μm). All of the reactions went smoothly without any adverse effect on nitro, cyano, thienyl, hydroxy, halogens, and ether functions at 25 ± 2 °C and afforded 82%–99% pure products at a magnetic field of 18.99 mT and an exposure time of 180–240 min. The influence of the magnetic force exerted on the magnetic materials was found to enhance the catalytic activity of microspheres. The catalyst could easily be separated by simple centrifugation, which could be reused for at least 15 runs with no loss in activity.

Gelatin microspheres as a new approach for the controlled delivery of synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR-generated DNA fragments

1994 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Cortesi ◽  
Elisabetta Esposito ◽  
Enea Menegatto ◽  
Roberto Gambari ◽  
Claudio Nastruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Gelatin Microspheres ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Synthetic Oligonucleotides
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