scholarly journals Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9096
Author(s):  
Mariusz A. Bromke ◽  
Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, idiopathic and complex condition, which most often manifests itself in the form of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. Both forms are associated with dysregulation of the mucosal immune system, compromised intestinal epithelial barrier, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. It has been observed for a long time that bile acids are involved in inflammatory disorders, and recent studies show their significant physiological role, reaching far beyond being emulsifiers helping in digestion of lipids. Bile acids are also signaling molecules, which act, among other things, on lipid metabolism and immune responses, through several nuclear and membrane receptors in hepatocytes, enterocytes and cells of the immune system. Gut microbiota homeostasis also seems to be affected, directly and indirectly, by bile acid metabolism and signaling. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of bile acid signaling, studies of inflamed gut microbiome, and the therapeutic potential of bile acids in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Bile Acid–Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Lingfeng Li ◽  
Tianyu Liu ◽  
Xueli Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, with increasing prevalence, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggested that gut microbiota and bile acids play pivotal roles in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Patients with IBD exhibit decreased microbial diversity and abnormal microbial composition marked by the depletion of phylum Firmicutes (including bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism) and the enrichment of phylum Proteobacteria. Dysbiosis leads to blocked bile acid transformation. Thus, the concentration of primary and conjugated bile acids is elevated at the expense of secondary bile acids in IBD. In turn, bile acids could modulate the microbial community. Gut dysbiosis and disturbed bile acids impair the gut barrier and immunity. Several therapies, such as diets, probiotics, prebiotics, engineered bacteria, fecal microbiota transplantation and ursodeoxycholic acid, may alleviate IBD by restoring gut microbiota and bile acids. Thus, the bile acid–gut microbiota axis is closely connected with IBD pathogenesis. Regulation of this axis may be a novel option for treating IBD.

scholarly journals Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors Connect the Diet-Microbiota-Metabolites Axis to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Melhem ◽  
Berna Kaya ◽  
C. Korcan Ayata ◽  
Petr Hruz ◽  
Jan Hendrik Niess
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
Function Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Increasing evidence has indicated that diet and metabolites, including bacteria- and host-derived metabolites, orchestrate host pathophysiology by regulating metabolism, immune system and inflammation. Indeed, autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with the modulation of host response to diets. One crucial mechanism by which the microbiota affects the host is signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed metabolite-sensing GPCRs. In the gut, both immune and nonimmune cells express GPCRs and their activation generally provide anti-inflammatory signals through regulation of both the immune system functions and the epithelial integrity. Members of GPCR family serve as a link between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium by which all these components crucially participate to maintain the gut homeostasis. Conversely, impaired GPCR signaling is associated with IBD and other diseases, including hepatic steatosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and asthma. In this review, we first outline the signaling, function, expression and the physiological role of several groups of metabolite-sensing GPCRs. We then discuss recent findings on their role in the regulation of the inflammation, their existing endogenous and synthetic ligands and innovative approaches to therapeutically target inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Ten Reasons to Think About Bile Acids in Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Abstract There are ten good reasons why it is important to think about abnormalities in bile acid control in inflammatory bowel disease. Before reviewing these reasons, it is relevant to review essential elements in the enterohepatic circulation, synthesis and actions of bile acids.

scholarly journals The gut microbiota, bile acids and their correlation in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Torres ◽  
C Palmela ◽  
H Brito ◽  
X Bao ◽  
H Ruiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD) have a very high risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. Alterations in the gut microbiota and/or gut bile acids could account for the increase in this risk. However, no studies have yet investigated the net result of cholestasis and a potentially altered bile acid pool interacting with a dysbiotic gut flora in the inflamed colon of PSC-IBD. Aim The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and stool bile acid profiles, as well as and their correlation in patients with PSC-IBD and inflammatory bowel disease alone. Methods Thirty patients with extensive colitis (15 with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis) were prospectively recruited and fresh stool samples were collected. The microbiota composition in stool was profiled using bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. Stool bile acids were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results The total stool bile acid pool was significantly reduced in PSC-IBD. Although no major differences were observed in the individual bile acid species in stool, their overall combination allowed a good separation between PSC-IBD and inflammatory bowel disease. Compared with inflammatory bowel disease alone, PSC-IBD patients demonstrated a different gut microbiota composition with enrichment in Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium genus compared with inflammatory bowel disease. At the operational taxonomic unit level major shifts were observed within the Firmicutes (73%) and Bacteroidetes phyla (17%). Specific microbiota-bile acid correlations were observed in PSC-IBD, where 12% of the operational taxonomic units strongly correlated with stool bile acids, compared with only 0.4% in non-PSC-IBD. Conclusions Patients with PSC-IBD had distinct microbiota and microbiota-stool bile acid correlations as compared with inflammatory bowel disease. Whether these changes are associated with, or may predispose to, an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia needs to be further clarified.

Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
pp. 4893-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Bing-Xian Sha ◽  
Hai-Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Individual

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide- binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.

Altered Fecal Bile Acid Pattern in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Digestion ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kruis ◽  
H.-D. Kalek ◽  
F. Stellaard ◽  
G. Paumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Fecal Bile Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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