scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7649
Author(s):  
Dominik Franciszek Dłuski ◽  
Ewa Wolińska ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
First Time

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that appears or is for the first time diagnosed during pregnancy. It can lead to many complications in the mother and in the offspring, so diagnostics and management of GDM are important to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epigenetic studies revealed the different methylation status of genes in pregnancies with GDM compared to pregnancies without GDM. A growing body of evidence shows that the GDM can affect not only the course of the pregnancy, but also the development of the offspring, thus contributing to long-term effects and adverse health outcomes of the progeny. Epigenetic changes occur through histone modification, DNA methylation, and disrupted function of non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we focus on the recent knowledge about epigenetic changes in GDM. The analysis of this topic may help us to understand pathophysiological mechanisms in GDM and find a solution to prevent their consequences.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Katrien Benhalima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
New Biomarkers

The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes in pregnancy is rising globally. GDM leads to increased risks for maternal and neonatal adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, GDM is also associated with an increased long-term metabolic risk in mothers and offspring [1]. Although much is known about GDM, evidence gaps persist. For instance, more research is needed on how to prevent GDM, on whether screening and treatment of GDM in early pregnancy are beneficial, on non-fasting biomarkers to screen for GDM, on new biomarkers to predict pregnancy complications, and on how to reduce the long-term metabolic risk in mothers and infants after delivery. To address this important health issue, the present Special Issue in the Journal of Clinical Medicine was dedicated to recent advances in the field of GDM. This Special Issue published 16 articles on this topic. [...]

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affects Offspring’s Epigenome. Is There a Way to Reduce the Negative Consequences?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska ◽  
Piotr Wychowański ◽  
Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Programming

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide and may result in short-term and long-term consequences for offspring. The present review highlights evidence of epigenetic programming, mostly from human studies, which occurs in offspring exposed to maternal GDM during different stages of development, paying special attention to the differences in sensitivity of offspring to maternal hyperglycemia as a result of sex-related factors. We also aim to answer the following question: If these epigenetic changes are constant throughout the lifetime of the offspring, how do they present phenotypically?

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pharmacological prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatzakis Christos ◽  
Cavoretto Paolo ◽  
Sotiriadis Alexandros
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Prevention ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy and is defined as glucose intolerance that first emerges or is first recognized during pregnancy. Several factors increase the risk of a pregnant woman to develop gestational diabetes mellitus and several interventions have been tested for the prevention of GDM development. The most common pharmacological interventions that have been assessed are metformin administration , probiotics administration and vitamin D administration. However, no intervention appears to be universally superior to placebo / no intervention for the prevention of GDM. Administration of insulin is the preferred medication for treating hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus. Metformin and glyburide are not regarded as first-line agents, as both cross the placenta to the fetus. Even though there are sufficient data indicating that administration of metformin is safe and effective in women with GDM there are very limited data concerning the long-term effects of metformin on offspring. Furthermore, glyburide should be used with caution, as increases the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and some studies showed that increases also the risk of macrosomia. Overall, oral agents may be a therapeutic option in women with GDM after a discussion of the known risks and the need for more long-term safety data in offspring . The present review aims to highlight that current scientific status regarding the prevention and treatment of GDM.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ARTICLE-GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhas C. ◽  
Naseef P. P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and ongoing patient self-management education and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the long-term complications. Moderate to severe maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy has unique diabetes-related risks to mother and her unborn baby. So Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance that is not diabetes that has developed or been discovered for the first time during pregnancy. Approximately 7% of pregnancies are affected by GDM. Patient with GDM are at higher risk for excessive weight gain, preeclampsia, and cesarean sections. Infants born to mothers with GDM are at higher risk for macrosomia, birth trauma, and shoulder dystocia. After delivery, these infants have a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, polycythemia and subsequent obesity and type 2 diabetes. So the management of GDM is very important, and its management remains a challenge for the obstetricians and endocrinologists. MNT is the most common therapy which suffices for GDM, but when required. The pharmacological treatment becomes necessary, and the treatment of choice is human insulin. OHAs have also reached the high tables in the management of GDM. Glyburide and metformin have been found to be safe, effective and economical for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Let us join hands to manage the GDM effectively, not only for the present generation but also for the generations to come.

scholarly journals Does exercise have a role in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Herbert Groeller ◽  
Sandra Lowe ◽  
Anthony Worsley ◽  
Arthur Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a marked increase in the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Engaging in vigorous recreational physical activity prior to and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of developing GDM. In contrast, evidence of a therapeutic effect from participation in a structured exercise training regimen, although promising, is limited and requires further more substantial investigation. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiology of GDM, the evidence related to physical activity participation and exercise regimen intervention on GDM, and the clinical considerations required for prescribing exercise.

scholarly journals The Intestinal Dysbiosis of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Its Impact on the Gut Microbiota of Their Newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xinke Li ◽  
Da Yu ◽  
Yushuang Wang ◽  
Huimin Yuan ◽  
Xixi Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
First Time

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as “diagnosed as impaired glucose tolerance for the first time during pregnancy,” which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and produces divergent effects on mothers and newborns. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of obese people, GDM shows an upward trend. The abundant and diverse members of the human gut microbiota exert critical roles in the maintenance of human health. Studies have shown that GDM may be associated with disordered gut microbiota in both mothers and newborns. Taking into account the potential effects on maternal and consequently neonatal health, in this review, we analyzed the available data and discussed the current knowledge about the potential relationship between GDM and intestinal dysbiosis in mothers and newborns. In addition, we also discussed the influencing factors derived from GDM mothers on the gut microbiome of their newborns, including the vertical transmission of microbiota from mothers, the alteration of milk components of GDM mothers, and using of probiotics. Hoping that new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in GDM could lead to the development of integrated strategies to prevent and treat these metabolic disorders.

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