scholarly journals Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Renal Acanthamoebiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6583
Author(s):  
Karolina Kot ◽  
Patrycja Kupnicka ◽  
Oliwia Witulska ◽  
Aleksandra Czepan ◽  
Natalia Agnieszka Łanocha-Arendarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Gelatin Zymography ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

Recent studies indicate that Acanthamoeba spp. may play a significant role in kidney dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), as well as an activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. The levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the activity of MMPs was determined by gelatin zymography. The elevated KIM-1 level was found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice at the beginning of Acanthamoeba spp. infection. In the immunosuppressed mice, the KIM-1 level was statistically different. The statistically decreased NGAL level was found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice compared to the uninfected mice. In the immunocompromised mice, we found statistically significant differences in MCP-1 levels between the uninfected and infected groups. There was an increase in the expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. compared to the uninfected mice. The results indicate that KIM-1, NGAL, MCP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/NGAL might be promising biomarkers of renal acanthamoebiasis.

scholarly journals Urinary Measurement of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Helps Diagnose Acute Pyelonephritis in a Preclinical Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hahn-Ey Lee ◽  
Sun Hee Lee ◽  
Minki Baek ◽  
Hwang Choi ◽  
Kwanjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Urinary Ngal ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Background. The study assessed whether measurement of urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury could be helpful in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis and subsequent scarring. Method. Escherichia coli J96 (0.3 mL inoculum containing 1×109/mL) was directly injected into the renal cortex of 3-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats (n=20), with saline substituted in a control group (n=10). Following the injection, urine was collected 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after injection. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and interleukin-18 were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of the biomarkers were adjusted for creatinine. Time course changes within a group or between the groups were compared. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship between urinary levels and histological scarring. Results. Significantly elevated urinary NGAL was evident at two and seven days after injection, and Kim-1 was elevated at two days after injection. Receiver operating characteristic analyses confirmed the sensitivity of these markers at these times. No urinary marker at acute stage of APN was correlated with the amount of future scarring, negating their predictive value. Conclusion. Urinary NGAL and Kim-1 could be helpful in diagnosing febrile urinary tract infection in children.

scholarly journals Urinary protein biomarkers of kidney injury in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessy George ◽  
Melanie S Joy ◽  
Lauren M Aleksunes
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Trefoil Factor 3 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Despite recent progress in the development of novel approaches to treat cancer, traditional antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, remain a mainstay of regimens targeting solid tumors. Use of cisplatin is limited by acute kidney injury, which occurs in approximately 30% of patients. Current clinical measures, such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, are inadequate in their ability to detect acute kidney injury, particularly when there is only a moderate degree of injury. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic biomarkers to predict nephrotoxicity. There is also interest by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to validate and implement new biomarkers to identify clinical and subclinical acute kidney injury in patients during the drug approval process. This minireview provides an overview of the current literature regarding the utility of urinary proteins (albumin, beta-2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C) as biomarkers for cisplatin-induced AKI. Many of the well-studied urinary proteins (KIM-1, NGAL, B2M, albumin) as well as emerging biomarkers (calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and trefoil factor 3) display distinct patterns of time-dependent excretion after cisplatin administration. Implementation of these biomarker proteins in the oncology clinic has been hampered by a lack of validation studies. To address these issues, large head-to-head studies are needed to fully characterize time-dependent responses and establish accurate cutoff values and ranges, particularly in cancer patients. Impact statement There is growing interest in using urinary protein biomarkers to detect acute kidney injury in oncology patients prescribed the nephrotoxic anticancer drug cisplatin. We aim to synthesize and organize the existing literature on biomarkers examined clinically in patients receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens. This minireview highlights several proteins (kidney injury molecule-1, beta-2-microglobulin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, trefoil factor 3) with the greatest promise for detecting cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in humans. A comprehensive review of the existing literature may aid in the design of larger studies needed to implement the clinical use of these urinary proteins as biomarkers of kidney injury.

scholarly journals Selected biochemical parameters in the urine of HIV-infected patients in monitoring of kidney function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Szymańska ◽  
Zofia Marchewka ◽  
Brygida Knysz ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lower Egfr ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

IntroductionFor years, there has been an increase in the number of cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Renal dysfunction can be caused by direct effects of HIV on the kidneys but also of applied combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore there is a need of renal function diagnosis to monitor the development of kidney disturbances. In this study the urinary levels of selected low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) in HIV-infected patients were measured and related to current CD4+ T lymphocyte (LT CD4+) count, the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value and the applied cART.Material and methodsThe levels of 5 LMWP – kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), glutathione S-transferase α (GST-α) and π (GST-π) isoenzymes and neopterin (NPT) – in urine were measured in HIV-infected patients and healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsTaking into account the current LT CD4+ count, KIM-1, NGAL and GST-α showed statistically significant differences between groups with the CD4+ count < 500 and ≥ 500 cells (< 0.001). Depending on the eGFR, apart from KIM-1 and NGAL, NPT showed statistically significant differences in the investigated groups with normal and lower eGFR values (< 0.001). In terms of applied cART, the best parameters in the assessment of kidney damage were NGAL, GST-π and NPT (< 0.001).ConclusionsThis research shows that the analyzed LMWP parameters are useful in the assessment of kidney damage in HIV patients during cART, especially NPT, NGAL and GST-π. However, future studies should be conducted on larger groups.

scholarly journals Poor Glycemic Control Can Increase the Plasma Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Concentration in Normoalbuminuric Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Moon Bae Ahn ◽  
Kyoung Soon Cho ◽  
Seul Ki Kim ◽  
Shin Hee Kim ◽  
Won Kyoung Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication in childhood diabetes and microalbuminuria has been a solid indicator in the assessment of DN. Nevertheless, renal injury may still occur in the presence of normoalbuminuria (NA) and various tubular injury biomarkers have been proposed to assess such damage. This case-controlled study aimed to evaluate plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels in diabetic children particularly in those with normo- and high-NA stages and determine their role in predicting DN. Fifty-four children/adolescents with type 1 and 2 diabetes and forty-four controls aged 7–18 years were included. The baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics including plasma and urinary biomarkers were compared. The plasma KIM-1 levels were significantly higher in diabetic children than in the controls and in high-NA children than normo-NA children. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was identified as a significant risk factor for increased plasma KIM-1. The optimal cutoff for HbA1c when the plasma KIM-1 was > 23.10 pg/mL was 6.75% with an area under the curve of 0.77. For diabetic children with mildly increased albuminuria, the plasma KIM-1 complementary to MA may help increase the yield of detecting DN. Our findings also suggested an HbA1c cutoff of 6.75% correlated with increased plasma KIM-1.

scholarly journals Are Tubular Injury Markers NGAL and KIM-1 Useful in Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Joanna Bagińska ◽  
Agata Korzeniecka-Kozerska
Keyword(s):  
Neurogenic Bladder ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

The lack of early biomarkers of renal damage in children with neurogenic bladder (NB) prompts us to investigate the role of promising proteins: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). This prospective analysis was conducted on 58 children with NB and 25 healthy children. We assessed urinary levels of NGAL and KIM-1 in both groups. Age, sex, anthropometric measurements, activity assessment, renal function, and urodynamics parameters were analyzed. The differences between the median uNGAL and uKIM-1 in the NB group compared to control were recorded. However, only uNGAL levels were statistically significantly higher. Statistically significant correlation was found between gender, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder trabeculation, its compliance, activity assessment, and uNGAL. To conclude, elevated levels of uNGAL may be considered a biomarker of tubular injury in children with NB due to MMC in contrast to uKIM-1.

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