scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA Epigenetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6166
Author(s):  
Marek Kazimierczyk ◽  
Jan Wrzesinski
Keyword(s):  
Modified Nucleosides ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Pseudouridine Synthases ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long noncoding RNAs exceeding a length of 200 nucleotides play an important role in ensuring cell functions and proper organism development by interacting with cellular compounds such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA and proteins. However, there is an additional level of lncRNA regulation, called lncRNA epigenetics, in gene expression control. In this review, we describe the most common modified nucleosides found in lncRNA, 6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytidine, pseudouridine and inosine. The biosynthetic pathways of these nucleosides modified by the writer, eraser and reader enzymes are important to understanding these processes. The characteristics of the individual methylases, pseudouridine synthases and adenine–inosine editing enzymes and the methods of lncRNA epigenetics for the detection of modified nucleosides, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, are discussed in detail. The final sections are devoted to the role of modifications in the most abundant lncRNAs and their functions in pathogenic processes.

Application of solid-phase DNA probe method with cleavage by deoxyribozyme for analysis of long non-coding RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Shizuka Arakawa ◽  
Kohsuke Kamizaki ◽  
Yusuke Kuwana ◽  
Naruki Kataoka ◽  
Chieko Naoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Modified Nucleosides ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract The solid-phase DNA probe method is a well-established technique for tRNA purification. We have applied this method for purification and analysis of other non-coding RNAs. Three columns for purification of tRNAPhe, transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and 16S rRNA from Thermus thermophilus were connected in tandem and purifications were performed. From each column, tRNAPhe, tmRNA and 16S rRNA could be purified in a single step. This is the first report of purification of native tmRNA from T. thermophilus and the purification demonstrates that the solid-phase DNA probe method is applicable to non-coding RNA, which is present in lower amounts than tRNA. Furthermore, if a long non-coding RNA is cleaved site-specifically and the fragment can be purified by the solid-phase DNA probe method, modified nucleosides in the long non-coding RNA can be analysed. Therefore, we designed a deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) to perform site-specific cleavage of 16S rRNA, examined optimum conditions and purified the resulting RNA fragment. Sequencing of complimentary DNA and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the purified RNA corresponded to the targeted fragment of 16S rRNA. Thus, the combination of DNAzyme cleavage and purification using solid-phase DNA probe methodology can be a useful technique for analysis of modified nucleosides in long non-coding RNAs.

scholarly journals Deconstructing the individual steps of vertebrate translation initiation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Giess ◽  
Yamila N. Torres Cleuren ◽  
Håkon Tjeldnes ◽  
Maximilian Krause ◽  
Teshome Tilahun Bizuayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Codon Recognition ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Stop Codon Recognition ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Individual

AbstractTranslation initiation is often attributed as the rate determining step of eukaryotic protein synthesis and key to gene expression control 1. Despite this centrality the series of steps involved in this process are poorly understood 2,3. Here we capture the transcriptome-wide occupancy of ribosomes across all stages of translation initiation, enabling us to characterize the transcriptome-wide dynamics of ribosome recruitment to mRNAs, scanning across 5’ UTRs and stop codon recognition, in a higher eukaryote. We provide mechanistic evidence for ribosomes attaching to the mRNA by threading the mRNA through the small subunit. Moreover, we identify features regulating the recruitment and processivity of scanning ribosomes, redefine optimal initiation contexts and demonstrate endoplasmic reticulum specific regulation of initiation. Our approach enables deconvoluting translation initiation into separate stages and identifying the regulators at each step.

Multidisciplinary management of vascular access for haemodialysis: from the preparation of the initial access to the treatment of stenosis and thrombosis

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold ◽  
Haage ◽  
Hollenbeck ◽  
Mickley ◽  
Ranft
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
Lower Complication ◽  
Lower Complication Rate ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Arteriovenous Grafts ◽  
The Individual

In February 2008 a multidisciplinary study group was established in Germany to improve the treatment of patients with potential vascular access problems. As one of the first results of their work interdisciplinary recommendations for the management of vascular access were provided, from the creation of the initial access to the treatment of complications. As a rule the wrist arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the access of choice due to its lower complication rate when compared to other types of access. The AVF should be created 3 months prior to the expected start of haemodialysis to allow for sufficient maturation. Second and third choice accesses are arteriovenous grafts (AVG) and central venous catheters (CVC). Ultrasound is a reliable tool for vessel selection before access creation, and also for the diagnosis of complications in AVF and grafts. Access stenosis and thrombosis can be treated surgically and interventionally. The comparison of both methods reveals advantages and disadvantages for each. The therapeutic decision should be based on the individual patients’ constitution, and also on the availability and experience of the involved specialists.

Innate immune responses and type 1 diabetes: A role for a long non-coding RNA?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Ashton ◽  
I Tan ◽  
L Mackin ◽  
C Elso ◽  
E Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

ADMINISTRATION MODELS IN THE SYSTEM OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION INSTITUTIONS FROM THE POSITION OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
S. V. Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Management ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
The Individual

The individual forensic activity in comparison with the activity of forensic experts of specialized state institutions is considered, the main advantages and disadvantages are determined. The directions of development of specialized state and non-state forensic institutions are presented in accordance with R. Quinn's competing values model.

Long non-coding RNA expression profiles in human parathyroid tumors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Morotti ◽  
Irene Forno ◽  
Valentina Andre ◽  
Andrea Terrasi ◽  
Chiara Verdelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Parathyroid Tumors ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

The Variant rs145204276 of GAS5 is Associated with the Development and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianjun Li ◽  
Gang Ma ◽  
Huimin Guo ◽  
Suhua Sun ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Clinicopathological Variables

Background & Aims: Down-regulation of the growth arrest specific transcript 5 (GAS5) (long non-coding RNA) is associated with cell proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) and a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate whether the variant rs145204276 of GAS5 is associated with the prognosis of GC in the Chinese population, and to unveil the regulatory mechanism underlying the GAS5 expression in GC tissues.Method: 1,253 GC patients and 1,354 healthy controls were included. The frequency of the genotype del/del and the allele del of rs145204276 were compared between the patients and the controls and between different subgroups of patients classified by clinicopathological variables. The overall survival rate was analyzed according to the Kaplan-Meier method using the log-rank test.Results: The frequency of genotype del/del was significantly lower in patients than in the controls (7.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that genotype del/del was significantly associated with a higher survival rate (p = 0.01). Patients with late tumor stage were found to have a significantly lower rate of genotype del/del than those with an early tumor stage (4.9% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.01). Patients with UICC III and IV were found to have a significantly lower rate of genotype del/del than those with UICC I and II (5.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.02).Conclusion: The variant rs145204276 of GAS5 is associated with the development and prognosis of GC. The allele del of rs145204276 is associated with a remarkably lower incidence of cancer progression and metastasis.

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