scholarly journals Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Laura Sgrazzutti ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
Marina Attanasi ◽  
Sabrina Di Pillo ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Th1 And Th2

Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. In children, the incidence of both diseases is steadily increasing worldwide. In this narrative review, we report the evidence of the potential link between asthma and T1DM in childhood. We discuss which molecular mechanisms could be involved in the link between asthma and T1DM, such as genetic predisposition, cytokine patterns, and environmental influences. Cytokine profile of children with asthma and T1DM shows an activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. In conclusion, in children, the potential link between asthma and T1DM needs further investigation to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. The aim of this review is to invite the pediatricians to consider the potential copresence of these two disorders in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin D and Its Potential Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus—A Narrative Review

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Rak ◽  
Monika Bronkowska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Transcription Control

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with degeneration of pancreatic β-cells that results in an inability to produce insulin and the need for exogenous insulin administration. It is a significant global health problem as the incidence of this disorder is increasing worldwide. The causes are still poorly understood, although it certainly has genetic and environmental origins. Vitamin D formed profusely in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, as well as from dietary sources, exhibits an immunomodulatory effect based on gene transcription control. Indeed, vitamin D can downregulate mechanisms connected with adaptive immunity, induce immunological tolerance and decrease auto-aggression-related inflammation. These properties provide the basis for a preventive and therapeutic role of vitamin D. As many studies have demonstrated, appropriate supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, and alleviates disease symptoms in patients. The aim of this narrative review is to present the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin D immunomodulatory effect as well as review human clinical studies on the use of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Bahreini ◽  
Elham Rayzan ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Complementary Sequence ◽  
Multiple Organs

: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, progressive, autoimmune disease with a strong genetic feature that can affect multiple organs, including kidney, eyes, and nerves. Early detection of type 1 diabetes can help critically to avoid serious damages to these organs. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that act in post-transcriptional gene regulation by attaching to the complementary sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of their target genes. Alterations in the expression of microRNA coding genes are extensively reported in several diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Presenting non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of type 1 diabetes by quantifying microRNAs gene expression level can be an influential step in biotechnology and medicine. This review discusses the area of microRNAs dysregulation in type 1 diabetes and affected molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic islet cells formation and dysregulation in the expression of inflammatory elements as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Insulin Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Janež ◽  
Cristian Guja ◽  
Asimina Mitrakou ◽  
Nebojsa Lalic ◽  
Tsvetalina Tankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Narrative Review

scholarly journals Stem Cells in the Treatment of InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Borisov ◽  
O. S. Petrakova ◽  
I. G. Gvazava ◽  
E. N. Kalistratova ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes affects over 350 million people worldwide, with the figure projected to rise to nearly 500 million over the next 20 years, according to the World Health Organization. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an endocrine disorder caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing -cells in the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. Administration of exogenous insulin remains at the moment the treatment mainstay. This approach helps to regulate blood glucose levels and significantly increases the life expectancy of patients. However, type 1 diabetes is accompanied by long-term complications associated with the systemic nature of the disease and metabolic abnormalities having a profound impact on health. Of greater impact would be a therapeutic approach which would overcome these limitations by better control of blood glucose levels and prevention of acute and chronic complications. The current efforts in the field of regenerative medicine are aimed at finding such an approach. In this review, we discuss the time-honored technique of donor islets of Langerhans transplantation. We also focus on the use of pluripotent stem and committed cells and cellular reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms of pancreatic differentiation are highlighted. Much attention is devoted to the methods of grafts delivery and to the materials used during its creation.

TH1 and TH2 pathway in different clinical stages of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
G Yillar ◽  
D Aydemir ◽  
L Öksüz ◽  
M Arash ◽  
E Aktaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Profound Reduction in T-helper (Th) 1 lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood from Patients with Concurrent Type 1 Diabetes and Graves' Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimasa ASO ◽  
Hiromi MATSUURA ◽  
Atsushi MOMOBAYASHI ◽  
Yoshihisa INUKAI ◽  
Naoto SUGAWARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Th 1

scholarly journals Association of the polymorphous marker G6230A of the CTLA4 gene with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the patients of Russian descent

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
O I Kopylova ◽  
T L Kuraeva ◽  
E Iu Lavrikova ◽  
E V Titovich ◽  
A G Nikitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ctla4 Gene

The risk of devolvement of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) remains a challenging problem because neither etiology of the disease nor its prognosis and genetic predisposition to this condition are clearly understood. The development of any autoimmune process starts from the disturbance of subtle molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune system. Therefore, the genes controlling the function of its major components are at the same time the potential candidate genes encoding for the predisposition to DM1. Their association with the disease was studied by means of comparative analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphous rs3087243 (G6230A) marker of the CTLA4 gene encoding for antigen-4 of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. The present study included 257 patients presenting with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 526 healthy subjects. Genotypes were identified by the "real time" amplification technique. The AA genotype was found to occur less frequently in the diabetic patients than in the control group (11.3% and 22.1% respectively). In contrast, the frequency of the GG genotype was higher in the patients with DM1 than in the healthy subjects (44.7% and 37.5% respectively). It is concluded that the polymorphous rs3087243 marker of the CTLA4 gene is significantly associated with the predisposition to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the patients of Russian descent.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Metabolomic Insights Regarding the Omega-3 PUFAs Intake in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Purdel ◽  
Anca Ungurianu ◽  
Denisa Margina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is currently considered an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, insulin deficiency, and dysglycemia. Dietary factors, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), were reported to influence T1DM. Therefore, a better understanding of the potential role of ω-3 PUFAs in the development and progression of T1DM will help to improve the clinical management of the disease. In this review, we explored the current understanding of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by ω-3 PUFAs and the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs intake in the prevention and treatment of T1DM, as well as the underlying possible metabolomic (lipidomics) changes.

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