scholarly journals Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Drug-Induced Myopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5654
Author(s):  
Magda Dubińska-Magiera ◽  
Marta Migocka-Patrzałek ◽  
Damian Lewandowski ◽  
Małgorzata Daczewska ◽  
Krzysztof Jagla
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Excellent Research ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

Drug-induced myopathies are classified as acquired myopathies caused by exogenous factors. These pathological conditions develop in patients without muscle disease and are triggered by a variety of medicaments, including lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) such as statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe. Here we summarise the current knowledge gained via studies conducted using various models, such as cell lines and mammalian models, and compare them with the results obtained in zebrafish (Danio rerio) studies. Zebrafish have proven to be an excellent research tool for studying dyslipidaemias as a model of these pathological conditions. This system enables in-vivo characterization of drug and gene candidates to further the understanding of disease aetiology and develop new therapeutic strategies. Our review also considers important environmental issues arising from the indiscriminate use of LLDs worldwide. The widespread use and importance of drugs such as statins and fibrates justify the need for the meticulous study of their mechanism of action and the side effects they cause.

PIO 7415 In-vivo characterization of human muscle disease using RF pulse-echo waveforms

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S136
Author(s):  
J.P. Jones ◽  
S. Leeman ◽  
J.Z. Heckmatt ◽  
A. Robertson ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Rf Pulse ◽  
In Vivo Characterization ◽  
Pulse Echo

Genetic risk factors associated with lipid-lowering drug-induced myopathies

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgirene D. Vladutiu ◽  
Zachary Simmons ◽  
Paul J. Isackson ◽  
Mark Tarnopolsky ◽  
Wendy L. Peltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lipid Lowering Drug ◽  
Lowering Drug

scholarly journals Conjunction junction, what’s the function? CCN proteins as targets in fibrosis and cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. C1046-C1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Leask
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cellular Communication ◽  
Ccn Proteins ◽  
Clinical Consideration ◽  
Matricellular Proteins ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cellular Communication Network

Cellular communication network (CCN) proteins are matricellular proteins that coordinate signaling among extracellular matrix, secreted proteins, and cell surface receptors. Their specific in vivo function is context-dependent, but they play profound roles in pathological conditions, such as fibrosis and cancers. Anti-CCN therapies are in clinical consideration. Only recently, however, has the function of these complex molecules begun to emerge. This review summarizes and interprets our current knowledge regarding these fascinating molecules and provides experimental evidence for their utility as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The SarcoEndoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump: a potential target for intervention in aging and skeletal muscle pathologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Xu ◽  
Holly Van Remmen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Serca Pump ◽  
Aging Muscle ◽  
And Function

AbstractAs a key regulator of cellular calcium homeostasis, the Sarcoendoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump acts to transport calcium ions from the cytosol back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscle contraction. SERCA function is closely associated with muscle health and function, and SERCA activity is susceptible to muscle pathogenesis. For example, it has been well reported that pathological conditions associated with aging, neurodegeneration, and muscular dystrophy (MD) significantly depress SERCA function with the potential to impair intracellular calcium homeostasis and further contribute to muscle atrophy and weakness. As a result, targeting SERCA activity has attracted attention as a therapeutical method for the treatment of muscle pathologies. The interventions include activation of SERCA activity and genetic overexpression of SERCA. This review will focus on SERCA function and regulation mechanisms and describe how those mechanisms are affected under muscle pathological conditions including elevated oxidative stress induced by aging, muscle disease, or neuromuscular disorders. We also discuss the current progress and therapeutic approaches to targeting SERCA in vivo.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases in Monocytes and Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Sun ◽  
Mari T. Kaartinen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Macrophage Differentiation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Macrophages are key players in various inflammatory disorders and pathological conditions via phagocytosis and orchestrating immune responses. They are highly heterogeneous in terms of their phenotypes and functions by adaptation to different organs and tissue environments. Upon damage or infection, monocytes are rapidly recruited to tissues and differentiate into macrophages. Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of structurally and functionally related enzymes with Ca2+-dependent transamidation and deamidation activity. Numerous studies have shown that TGs, particularly TG2 and Factor XIII-A, are extensively involved in monocyte- and macrophage-mediated physiological and pathological processes. In the present review, we outline the current knowledge of the role of TGs in the adhesion and extravasation of monocytes, the expression of TGs during macrophage differentiation, and the regulation of TG2 expression by various pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Furthermore, we summarize the role of TGs in macrophage phagocytosis and the understanding of the mechanisms involved. Finally, we review the roles of TGs in tissue-specific macrophages, including monocytes/macrophages in vasculature, alveolar and interstitial macrophages in lung, microglia and infiltrated monocytes/macrophages in central nervous system, and osteoclasts in bone. Based on the studies in this review, we conclude that monocyte- and macrophage-derived TGs are involved in inflammatory processes in these organs. However, more in vivo studies and clinical studies during different stages of these processes are required to determine the accurate roles of TGs, their substrates, and the mechanisms-of-action.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

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