scholarly journals Clinical Implications of Exosomes: Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5278
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Massey ◽  
Shabnam Malik ◽  
Mohammad Sikander ◽  
Kyle A. Doxtater ◽  
Manish K. Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Loading Methods

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles generated by cells for intercellular communication. Due to their composition, significant research has been conducted to transform these particles into specific delivery systems for various disease states. In this review, we discuss the common isolation and loading methods of exosomes, some of the major roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, as well as discuss recent applications of exosomes as drug delivery vessels and the resulting clinical implications.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Targeted Drug Delivery: Synthesis of a Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitor against Matrix Metalloproteinase- 7

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (27) ◽  
pp. 2459-2471
Author(s):  
Ling-Li Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Ming-Hua Zheng ◽  
Yu-Zhong Xie ◽  
Chang-Jiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Targeted Drug

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. MMPs have reportedly shown great potentials in the degradation of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), have shown great potentials in targeting bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs could provoke Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells and manipulate their signaling, adhesion, migration and invasion to promote cancer cell aggressiveness. Therefore, targeting and particularly inhibiting MMPs within the tumor microenvironment is an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Based on this idea, different MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) have been developed to manipulate the tumor microenvironment towards conditions appropriate for the actions of antitumor agents. Studies are ongoing to improve the selectivity and specificity of MMPIs. Structural optimization has facilitated the discovery of selective inhibitors of the MMPs. However, so far no selective inhibitor for MMP-7 has been proposed. Aims: This study aims to comprehensively review the potentials and advances in applications of MMPs particularly MMP-7 in targeted cancer treatment approaches with the main focus on targeted drug delivery. Different targeting strategies for manipulating and inhibiting MMPs for the treatment of cancer are discussed. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. Different MMP subtypes have shown significant targeting applicability at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions in a variety of cancers. The expression of MMPs significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, which can be used for controlled release in cancers in advance stages. Methods: Moreover, this study presents the synthesis and characteristics of a new and highly selective inhibitor against MMP-7 and discusses its applications in targeted drug delivery systems for therapeutics and diagnostics modalities. Results: Our findings showed that the structure of the inhibitor P3’ side chains play the crucial role in developing an optimized MMP-7 inhibitor with high selectivity and significant degradation activities against ECM. Conclusion: Optimized NDC can serve as a highly potent and selective inhibitor against MMP-7 following screening and optimization of the P3’ side chains, with a Ki of 38.6 nM and an inhibitory selectivity of 575 of MMP-7 over MMP-1.

Nanomedicine in Human Health Therapeutics and Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-251
Author(s):  
Manzoor A. Mir ◽  
Basharat A. Bhat ◽  
Bashir A. Sheikh ◽  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Safiya Mehraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Targeted Drug

The 21st century has seen a massive spring up in the applications of nanobiotechnology. Incorporation of functionalized and modified nanostructures in various biomedical applications has generated significant research interests such as implant and tissue engineering, diagnosis, and therapy, thereby aiding in improvement of human health. The unique properties of nanoparticles including non-toxicity and biocompatibility with a large surface area make it possible to modify their surface with different chemicals including different polymers, antibodies, and drug molecules. Therefore, they are utilized for targeted drug delivery in order to carry drugs and selectively release them in desired tissues which reduces destructive effects on healthy cells. This chapter mainly covers the basic properties of nanoparticles including nanomedicine, their preparation and focuses on their diagnosis, and therapeutic applications in disease including cancer and other challenging ailments.

scholarly journals Supramolecular nanomotors with “pH taxis” for active drug delivery in the tumor microenvironment

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (44) ◽  
pp. 22495-22501
Author(s):  
Motilal Mathesh ◽  
Jiawei Sun ◽  
Frans van der Sandt ◽  
Daniela A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Supramolecular Architecture ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications

Supramolecular architecture-based truly “pH taxis” exhibiting nanomotors are fabricated by in-situ grown CaCO3 particles, which can sense the endogenously present pH gradient in HeLa cells making them suitable for targeted drug delivery applications.

Stimulus-responsive nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzou Fang ◽  
Yanfei Shen ◽  
Daqing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Targeted Drug

Cancer is a multifactorial disease that involves unique tumor microenvironment (TEM) and abnormal organs with complex structures.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery to Remodel Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 16 ◽  
pp. 5811-5829
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Yijun Mei ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Shun He ◽  
Qiaqia Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug

scholarly journals Effect of pH-Responsive Charge-Conversional Polymer Coating to Cationic Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructures for Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitae Ryu ◽  
Jaehong Park ◽  
Tae-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Ethylene Imine ◽  
Serum Stability ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Tumor tissue represents a slightly acidic pH condition compared to normal tissue due to the accumulation of lactic acids via anaerobic metabolism. In this work, pH-responsive charge-conversional polymer (poly(ethylene imine)-poly(l-lysine)-poly(l-glutamic acid), PKE polymer) was employed for endowing charge-conversional property and serum stability to poly(ethylene imine) conjugated reduced graphene oxide-based drug delivery system (PEI-rGO). Zeta-potential value of PEI-rGO coated with PK5E7 polymer (PK5E7(PEI-rGO)) was −10.9 mV at pH 7.4 and converted to 29.2 mV at pH 6.0, showing pH-responsive charge-conversional property. Sharp-edged plate morphology of PEI-rGO was transformed to spherical nanostructures with vague edges by PK5E7 coating. Size of PK5E7(PEI-rGO) was found to be smaller than that of PEI-rGO in the serum condition, showing its increased serum stability. Loaded doxorubicin (DOX) in PK5E7(PEI-rGO) could be released rapidly in lysosomal condition (pH 5.0, 5 mM glutathione). Furthermore, DOX-loaded PK5E7(PEI-rGO) showed enhanced anticancer activity in HeLa and A549 cells in the tumor microenvironment-mimicking condition (pH 6.0, serum), which would be mediated by non-specific cellular interaction with decorated serum proteins. These results indicate that the pH-responsive charge-conversional PKE polymer coating strategy of cationic rGO nanostructures possesses a potential for acidic tumor microenvironment-targeted drug delivery systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document