scholarly journals IgM and IgG Immunoreactivity of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant M Protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4951
Author(s):  
Zorana Lopandić ◽  
Isidora Protić-Rosić ◽  
Aleksandra Todorović ◽  
Sofija Glamočlija ◽  
Marija Gnjatović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Specific Igg

Diagnostic evaluation of specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is mainly based on spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Despite the critical functions in virus infection and contribution to the pattern of immunodominance in COVID-19, exploitation of the most abundant membrane (M) protein in the SARS-CoV-2 serology tests is minimal. This study investigated the recombinant M protein’s immunoreactivity with the sera from COVID-19 convalescents. In silico designed protein was created from the outer N-terminal part (19 aa) and internal C-terminal tail (101–222 aa) of the M protein (YP_009724393.1) and was recombinantly produced and purified. The designed M protein (16,498.74 Da, pI 8.79) revealed both IgM and IgG reactivity with serum samples from COVID-19 convalescents in Western blot. In ELISA, more than 93% (28/30) of COVID-19 sera were positive for IgM detection, and more than 96% (29/30) were positive for specific IgG detection to M protein. Based on the capacity to provoke an immune response and its strong antigenic properties, as shown here, and the fact that it is also involved in the virion entry into host cells, the M protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a good antigen has the potential in diagnostic purposes and vaccine design.

scholarly journals Altered immune response of immature dendritic cells following dengue virus infection in the presence of specific antibodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Torres ◽  
Jacky Flipse ◽  
Vinit C. Upasani ◽  
Heidi van der Ende-Metselaar ◽  
Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immature Dendritic Cells ◽  
Altered Immune Response

scholarly journals Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the measurement of specific antibodies in experimentally induced ovine toxoplasmosis

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Payne ◽  
D. H. M. Joynson ◽  
A. J. Wilsmore
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Capture Assay ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Indirect Assay

SUMMARYTachyzoitcs of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were inoculated intravenously into sheep following which serum samples were collected at approximately weekly intervals for 9 months. The sera were examined by the toxoplasma dye test and two enzymc-linkcd immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specifically developed for investigations of ovine toxoplasmosis. One was an antibody class capture assay for the detection of anti-toxoplasma specific IgM, the other an indirect assay which detected anti-toxoplasma IgG.Some of the sheep had antibodies to toxoplasma prior to inoculation but none had specific IgM. Sera collected 17 days after inoculation showed that all had raised specific antibody levels but the only sheep that produced specific antitoxoplasma IgM were those that were initially without any antibody. Specific IgM could be detected in all these particular sheep for at least 1 month after infection and up to 3 months in some. Specific IgG persisted at high levels for at least 3 months and could still be detected at moderate levels for at least 9 months. The ELISA methods described are simple to perform and could clearly distinguish between previous infection and this experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

scholarly journals Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and BNT162b2 vaccine in Israel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Shapira ◽  
Ramzia Abu Hamad ◽  
Chen Weiner ◽  
Nir Rainy ◽  
Reut Sorek-Abramovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Neutralizing antibodies targeting the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) block viral entry to host cells, preventing disease and further spread of the pathogen. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum is a reliable indicator of infection, used epidemiologically to estimate the prevalence of infection and clinically as a measurement of an antigen-specific immune response. In this study, we analyzed serum Spike protein-specific IgG antibodies from 26,170 samples, including convalescent individuals who had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We find distinct serological patterns in COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals, correlated with age and gender and the presence symptoms.

scholarly journals Self-Assembled Multi-Epitope Peptide Amphiphiles Enhance the Immune Response against Enterovirus 71

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Yu-Gyeong Kim ◽  
Yunsu Lee ◽  
Joo Hee Kim ◽  
Sun-Young Chang ◽  
Jong-Wha Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Peptide Amphiphiles ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Chain Lengths

Subunit vaccines consist of non-genetic material, such as peptides or proteins. They are considered safe because they have fewer side effects; however, they have low immunogenicity when used alone. We aimed to enhance the immune response of peptide-based vaccines by using self-assembled multimeric peptide amphiphiles (PAs). We designed two epitope PAs by conjugating epitope peptides from Enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus particle (VP) 1 and VP3 capsid proteins with different fatty acid chain lengths (VP1PA and VP3PA). These PAs self-assembled into supramolecular structures at a physiological pH, and the resulting structures were characterized using atomic force microscopy. Multi-epitope PAs (m-PAs) consisted of a 1:1 mixture of VP1PA and VP3PA solutions. To evaluate immunogenicity, m-PA constructs were injected with adjuvant subcutaneously into female Balb/c mice. Levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1 in m-PA-injected mice serum samples were analyzed using ELISA and Western blotting. Additionally, cytokine production stimulated by each antigen was measured in splenocytes cultured from immunized mice groups. We found that m-PA showed improved humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the control and peptide groups. The sera from m-PA immunized mice group could neutralize EV71 infection and protect host cells. Thus, self-assembled m-PAs can promote a protective immune response and can be developed as a potential platform technology to produce peptide vaccines against infectious viral diseases.

Significance of Specific Immunoglobulins Determined by the Chemiluminescence Reaction in Intrauterine Maternal-fetal Infections of TORCH Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Delia Mira Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
Dana Emilia Velimirovici ◽  
Livia Stanga ◽  
Marcel Mihai Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
Smaranda Arghirescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg

Because the TORCH Syndrome groups infectious agents which cross the placenta during pregnancy and due to that cause the majority of malformative fetopaties, our porpose was to determin specific IgG and IgM antibodies for Cytomegalovirus, Rubella virus and Toxoplasma gondii. We studied 95 serum samples from 93 pregnant females and 2 cilds, being analyzed by a private laboratory in Timisoara between july 2015 � june 2016. Specific antibodies IgG and IgM were found for Rubella virus in 75 of the samples, for Cytomegalovirus in 82 and for toxoplasmosis 92. In this process of determination we used Access 2 (Beckman Coulter) and Immulite 1000 (Siemens) analysers, which use the chemiluminescence reaction. For 72 cases (77.42%) specific antibodies for all tests of the TORCH complex were performed. From all the patients 11 chosed to determine antibodies just for one of the infections of the TORCH Syndrome and 10 patients asked for determining of specific antibodies for two infections of the TORCH Syndrome. 53 (64.63%) of the 82 patients tested for anti-CMV IgG specific antibodies had positive result, which signifies former presence of CMV. 64 (85.33%) of the 75 patients tested for anti-rubella specific antibodies had an IgG positive result. Interpreting of results took in counter the vaccinal status. 6 patients (8%) did not contact the Rubella virus and did were not vaccinated. The level of specific IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was positive for 2 (2.17%) patients of 92. IgM specific antibody test was negative. In pregnant women TORCH Syndrome diagnosis is a must, especially if the medical abortion is the correct decision. Identifyeing infectious agents implicated in TORCH Syndrome can lead to an important decrease of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Tetanus- and Influenza-Specific IgG Antibodies in Myeloma Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kobold ◽  
Tim Luetkens ◽  
Britta Marlen Bartels ◽  
Yanran Cao ◽  
York Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg

Background. Multiple myeloma (MM) and its therapies may induce a severely compromised humoral immunity. We have performed a longitudinal analysis of IgG-antibody responses against influenza virus (FLU) and tetanus toxoid (TT) as surrogate markers for the B cell-mediated immunity in MM patients.Methods. 1094 serum samples of 190 MM patients and samples from 100 healthy donors were analyzed by ELISA for FLU- and TT-specific antibodies.Results. MM patients evidenced lower levels of FLU- and TT-specific antibodies than healthy controls (P<0.001). Immunoreactivity decreased with progressing disease and worsening clinical status. Levels of FLU- and TT-specific antibodies increased shortly (0-6 months) after alloSCT (P<0.001), a time-period during which intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is routinely applied. Thereafter, antibody concentrations declined and remained suppressed for 3 years in the case of FLU-specific and for more than 5 years in the case of TT-specific antibodies.Conclusions. We found that MM is associated with a profound disease- and therapy-related immunosuppression, which is compensated for a few months after alloSCT, most likely by application of IVIG. This and the differences regarding the recovery of anti-FLU and anti-TT antibody titers during the following years need to be taken into account for optimizing IVIG application and immunization after alloSCT.

scholarly journals Humoral Immune Response after Primary Rubella Virus Infection and after Vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vauloup-Fellous ◽  
L. Grangeot-Keros
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Rubella Virus Infection

ABSTRACT We measured rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels, as well as IgG avidity indexes, in serum samples taken before or after 6 months either after infection or after vaccination. The results obtained indicate that humoral immune responses are different after primary infection and after vaccination. This may have important consequences on the serological diagnosis of rubella virus infection.

scholarly journals Humoral and cellular immunity to measles and rubella virus antigens in healthy subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Smerdova ◽  
A. P. Toptygina ◽  
Yu. Yu. Andreev ◽  
S. V. Sennikova ◽  
A. Yu. Zetkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cellular Immune

An issue of eradicating measles and rubella virus-induced infections currently remains unresolved, despite existing effective methods for specific prophylaxis and WHO’s commitment to a mass vaccination policy. While improving epidemic situation, analysis of new challenges, such as measles incidence in adults, especially in adults vaccinated in childhood, is of particular interest. The aim of the study was to analyze serum measles and rubella virus-specific IgG antibodies in young healthy people and estimate antigen-specific cellular immune response in seronegative subjects. There were examined 100 healthy adults aged 18–30 years old. Level of serum specific IgG was measured by ELISA (Vector-Best, Russia). Antigen-specific cellular immune response was assessed by magnitude of surface CD107a expression on CD8hi T cells challenged by measles and rubella virus-derived antigens. It was found that average level of antibodies against rubella virus comprised 175.5 IU/ml, 49% of which recovered after rubella, 46% were vaccinated, whereas 5% subjects contained no virus-specific antibodies. In addition, mean level of anti-measles virus antibodies was below protective magnitude, among which 1% subjects recovered after measles, 31% displayed post-vaccination immunity, 55% subjects were seronegative, and 13% had equivocal levels of specific antibodies. Thus, 68% subjects were unprotected against measles virus based on the level of serum virus-specific antibodies. Moreover, 40 out of 68 subjects were vaccinated against measles in childhood. Additional screening adult subjects for intensity of measles and rubella virus-specific cellular immunity demonstrated that 57.37% of them contained peripheral blood CD8 T cells against measles virus and 59.01% — against rubella virus. Further analysis allowed to identify 4 subgroups displaying: 1) high level of virus-specific antibodies and T cells; 2) neither antibodies nor specific T-cells reaching as low as 20% of baseline group; 3) high antibody level combined with low amount of specific T cells; and 4) low antibody level combined with high level of specific T cells. thus, it may be assumed that cellular and humoral immune arms are maintained independently and being active for a long term after vaccination. Preserving a specific T-cell immunity seems to provide protection against infection, thereby accounting for the lack of measles manifestation in all seronegative subjects. 

scholarly journals Immunoadjuvant activity of marine bacteria exopolysaccharides in normal and immunosuppressive conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
T. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
E. V. Persiyanova ◽  
L. A. Ivanushko ◽  
T. P. Smolina ◽  
A. K. Gazha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Ifn Γ

Aim. To assess the mechanisms of immunoadjuvant activity of marine bacteria exopolysaccharides (PS) in normal and immunosuppressive conditions in vivo. Material and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on male ВALB/c mice, immunized with compositions of PS or aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin (OVA). Immunosuppression was induced by triple intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). Serum levels of specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10) were determined. Results. The inclusion of PS to the immune compositions led to the formation of an enhanced specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a to OVA, comparable to the effect of aluminum hydroxide. The studied PS also contributed to an increase in the level of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. PS from marine bacteria act as adjuvants in normal and immunosuppressive conditions, stimulating a mixed Th1 (IgG2a, INF-γ) and Th2 (IgG1, IL-10) immune response to OVA.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251159
Author(s):  
Ashraf Hassan Alzaabi ◽  
Luai A. Ahmed ◽  
Abdulla E. Rabooy ◽  
Ali Al Zaabi ◽  
Mohammed Alkaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Positive Immune Response

Objectives To quantify SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over time and assess the longevity of the immune response in a multi-ethnic population setting. Setting This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi city, UAE, among COVID-19 confirmed patients. The virus-specific IgG were measured quantitatively in serum samples from the patients during three visits over a period of 6 months. Serum IgG levels ≥15 AU/ml was used to define a positive response. Participants 113 patients were analyzed at first visit, with a mean (SD) age of participants of 45.9 (11.8) years 87.5% of the patients were men. 63 and 27 participants had data available for visits 2 and 3, respectively. Primary outcome Change in SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over the visits. Results No mortality or re-infection were reported. 69% of the patients developed positive IgG response within the first month after the onset of symptoms. The levels of IgG showed a consistent increase during the first three months with a peak level during the third month. Increasing trend in the levels of IgG were observed in 82.5%, 55.6% and 70.4% of patients between visit 1 to visit 2, visit 2 to visit 3, and from visit 1 to visit 3, respectively. Furthermore, about 64.3% of the patients showed sustained increase in IgG response for more than 120 days. Conclusions Our study indicates a sustained and prolonged positive immune response in COVID-19 recovered patients. The consistent rise in antibody and positive levels of IgG titers within the first 5 months suggest that immunization is possible, and the chances of reinfection minimal.

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