scholarly journals Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4529
Author(s):  
Karina Polak ◽  
Beata Bergler-Czop ◽  
Michał Szczepanek ◽  
Kamila Wojciechowska ◽  
Aleksandra Frątczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. The “leaky gut syndrome” and bacterial translocation is considered by some authors as a triggering factor for the onset of the disease, as it promotes chronic systemic inflammation. The alterations were also found to resemble those in inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, depletion in SCFAs production, increased amount of produced TMAO, dysregulation of the pathways affecting the balance between lymphocytes populations seem to be the most significant findings concerning gut physiology in psoriatic patients. The gut microbiota may serve as a potential response-to-treatment biomarker in certain cases of biological treatment. Oral probiotics administration as well as fecal microbial transplantation were most reported in bringing health benefits to psoriatic patients. However, the issue of psoriatic bacterial gut composition, its role and healing potential needs further investigation. Here we reviewed the literature on the current state of the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Gastroenterocardiology: Or what do the gut and the heart have in common?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Zoran Joksimović ◽  
Dušan Bastać ◽  
Snežana Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The gut microbiota of our organism is a community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and parasites that make up a unique ecosystem in the digestive tract, which consists of about 1014 microorganisms. The diversity of this community between individuals occurs because of the differences in the host genome and the impact of environmental factors, including hygiene, diet, lifestyle and the use of different drugs. Significant evidence suggests that changes in the microbiota could play a role in cardiovascular diseases. The results of research papers for the last two decades have confirmed that altered gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis) contributes to the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and even certain types of cancer. There is growing evidence that in the future, apart from current predisposing factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, one should count on new risk factors such as nutritional disproportion and gut dysbiosis. Thus, we look upon the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system, i.e. the "gut-heart axis" in a new way.

scholarly journals Frailty in inflammatory bowel diseases: an emerging concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110254
Author(s):  
Bharati Kochar ◽  
Ariela R. Orkaby ◽  
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan ◽  
Christine S. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Health

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), consisting of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic remitting, relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. While traditionally a disease of younger ages, the number of older adults with IBD is rising rapidly. Patients with IBD often experience geriatric syndromes at earlier ages. Older adults with IBD have poorer disease and treatment-related outcomes compared with younger adults with IBD. Applying the principles of geriatrics to understanding a chronic disease in older adults may improve health span. Better tools are needed to stratify IBD patients who are at high risk for adverse events. Frailty is a geriatric construct that may approximate biologic age. Frailty is a complex, multi-dimensional syndrome that leads to increased vulnerability to stress and decline of reserve across multiple physiologic systems. In this review, we present the leading conceptual models of frailty and discuss the applications of frailty in immune-mediated diseases. We also review chronic conditions where frailty has been applied successfully as a tool for risk stratification. Finally, we discuss in the detail the growing body of literature highlighting the relationship between frailty and IBD, the epidemiology of frailty in IBD, and ramifications of frailty in IBD.

scholarly journals Metagenomic alterations in gut microbiota precede and predict onset of colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient murine model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Miyoshi ◽  
Sonny T. M. Lee ◽  
Megan Kennedy ◽  
Mora Puertolas ◽  
Mary Frith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Robust Measures

AbstractBackground & AimsInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders where predictive biomarkers for the disease development and clinical course are sorely needed for development of prevention and early intervention strategies that can be implemented to improve clinical outcomes. Since gut microbiome alterations can reflect and/or contribute to impending host health changes, we examined whether gut microbiota metagenomic profiles would provide more robust measures for predicting disease outcomes in colitis-prone hosts.MethodsUsing the IL-10 gene-deficient (IL-10 KO) murine model where early life dysbiosis from antibiotic (cefoperozone, CPZ) treated dams vertically-transferred to pups increases risk for colitis later in life, we investigated temporal metagenomic profiles in the gut microbiota of post-weaning offspring and determined their relationship to eventual clinical outcomes.ResultsCompared to controls, offspring acquiring maternal CPZ-induced dysbiosis exhibited a restructuring of intestinal microbial membership both in bacteriome and mycobiome that were associated with alterations in specific functional subsystems. Furthermore, among IL-10 KO offspring from CPZ-treated dams, several functional subsystems, particularly nitrogen metabolism, diverged between mice that developed spontaneous colitis (CPZ-colitis) versus those that did not (CPZ-no-colitis) at a time point prior to eventual clinical outcome.ConclusionsOur findings provide support that functional metagenomic profiling of gut microbes has potential and promise meriting further study for development of tools to assess risk and manage human IBD.SynopsisCurrently, predictive markers for the development and course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not available. This study supports the notion that gut microbiome metagenomic profiles could be developed into a useful tool to assess risk and manage human IBD.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Cancer Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Araji ◽  
Julian Maamari ◽  
Fatima Ali Ahmad ◽  
Rana Zareef ◽  
Patrick Chaftari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the care of cancer patients. However, the response to ICI therapy exhibits substantial interindividual variability. Efforts have been directed to identify biomarkers that predict the clinical response to ICIs. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player that influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the baseline composition of a patient's gut microbiota and its dysbiosis are correlated with the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This review tackles the rapidly growing body of evidence evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and the response to ICI therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on ICI efficacy and discusses the possible therapeutic interventions to optimize the gut microbiota composition to augment immunotherapy efficacy.

scholarly journals What Was First, Obesity or Inflammatory Bowel Disease? What Does the Gut Microbiota Have to Do with It?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja ◽  
Aneta Sokal ◽  
Rafał Filip
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Desirable Effect

A sedentary lifestyle and inadequate nutrition often leads to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis, which may predispose people to excess body weight and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), similar to the general population. Obesity may exert a negative effect on the course of IBD as well as reduce the response to treatment. Moreover, it may also be an additional risk factor for vein thromboembolism during the flare. In both obesity and IBD, it is of great importance to implement proper dietary ingredients that exert desirable effect on gut microbiota. The key to reducing body mass index (BMI) and alleviating the course of IBD is preserving healthy intestinal microflora.

scholarly journals Interleukin 1α-Deficient Mice Have an Altered Gut Microbiota Leading to Protection from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moran Nunberg ◽  
Nir Werbner ◽  
Hadar Neuman ◽  
Marina Bersudsky ◽  
Alex Braiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine, with as-yet-unclear etiologies, affecting over a million people in the United States alone. With the emergence of microbiome research, numerous studies have shown a connection between shifts in the gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis) and patterns of IBD development. In a previous study, we showed that interleukin 1α (IL-1α) deficiency in IL-1α knockout (KO) mice results in moderate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis compared to that of wild-type (WT) mice, characterized by reduced inflammation and complete healing, as shown by parameters of weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, histology, and cytokine expression. In this study, we tested whether the protective effects of IL-1α deficiency on DSS-induced colitis correlate with changes in the gut microbiota and whether manipulation of the microbiota by cohousing can alter patterns of colon inflammation. We analyzed the gut microbiota composition in both control (WT) and IL-1α KO mice under steady-state homeostasis, during acute DSS-induced colitis, and after recovery using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Additionally, we performed cohousing of both mouse groups and tested the effects on the microbiota and clinical outcomes. We demonstrate that host-derived IL-1α has a clear influence on gut microbiota composition, as well as on severity of DSS-induced acute colon inflammation. Cohousing both successfully changed the gut microbiota composition and increased the disease severity of IL-1α-deficient mice to levels similar to those of WT mice. This study shows a strong and novel correlation between IL-1α expression, microbiota composition, and clinical outcomes of DSS-induced colitis. IMPORTANCE Here, we show a connection between IL-1α expression, microbiota composition, and clinical outcomes of DSS-induced colitis. Specifically, we show that the mild colitis symptoms seen in IL-1α-deficient mice following administration of DSS are correlated with the unique gut microbiota compositions of the mice. However, when these mice are exposed to WT microbiota by cohousing, their gut microbiota composition returns to resemble that of WT mice, and their disease severity increases significantly. As inflammatory bowel diseases are such common diseases, with limited effective treatments to date, there is a great need to better understand the interactions between microbiota composition, the immune system, and colitis. This study shows correlation between microbiota composition and DSS resistance; it may potentially lead to the development of improved probiotics for IBD treatment.

Gut Microbiota in Health, Diverticular Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Time for Microbial Marker of Gastrointestinal Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso ◽  
Valentina Petito ◽  
Cristina Graziani ◽  
Elisa Schiavoni ◽  
Francesco Paroni Sterbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Few data exist on differences in gut microbiota composition among principal gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. We evaluated the differences in gut microbiota composition among uncomplicated diverticular disease (DD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients. DD, IBS, and IBD patients along with healthy controls (CT) were enrolled in our Italian GI outpatient clinic. Stool samples were collected. Microbiota composition was evaluated through a metagenomic gene-targeted approach. GI pathology represented a continuous spectrum of diseases where IBD displayed one extreme, while CT displayed the other. Among Phyla, Biplot PC2/PC3 and dendogram plot showed major differences in samples from IBS and IBD. DD resembled species CT composition, but not for Bacteroides fragilis. In IBS, Dialister spp. and then Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were the most representative species. Ulcerative colitis showed a reduced concentration of Clostridium difficile and an increase of Bacteroides fragilis. In Crohn's disease, Parabacteroides distasonis was the most represented, while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly reduced. Each disorder has its definite overall microbial signature, which produces a clear differentiation from the others. On the other hand, shared alterations constitute the “core dysbiosis” of GI diseases. The assessment of these microbial markers represents a parameter that may complete the diagnostic assessment.

The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Shan ◽  
Mirae Lee ◽  
Eugene B. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between disease progression and changes in microbiota membership and function. Thus, the study of the gut microbiome and host–microbe interactions should provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis as well as leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions for IBD. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and IBD and highlight the importance of going beyond establishing description and association to gain mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of IBD. The review aims to contextualize recent findings to form conceptional frameworks for understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD and for the future development of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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