scholarly journals Diet-Related Alterations of Gut Bile Salt Hydrolases Determined Using a Metagenomic Analysis of the Human Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3652
Author(s):  
Baolei Jia ◽  
Dongbin Park ◽  
Byung Hee Chun ◽  
Yoonsoo Hahn ◽  
Che Ok Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The metabolism of bile acid by the gut microbiota is associated with host health. Bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) play a crucial role in controlling microbial bile acid metabolism. Herein, we conducted a comparative study to investigate the alterations in the abundance of BSHs using data from three human studies involving dietary interventions, which included a ketogenetic diet (KD) versus baseline diet (BD), overfeeding diet (OFD) versus underfeeding diet, and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) versus BD. The KD increased BSH abundance compared to the BD, while the OFD and LCD did not change the total abundance of BSHs in the human gut. BSHs can be classified into seven clusters; Clusters 1 to 4 are relatively abundant in the gut. In the KD cohort, the levels of BSHs from Clusters 1, 3, and 4 increased significantly, whereas there was no notable change in the levels of BSHs from the clusters in the OFD and LCD cohorts. Taxonomic studies showed that members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria predominantly produced BSHs. The KD altered the community structure of BSH-active bacteria, causing an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decrease in Actinobacteria. In contrast, the abundance of BSH-active Bacteroidetes decreased in the OFD cohort, and no significant change was observed in the LCD cohort. These results highlight that dietary patterns are associated with the abundance of BSHs and community structure of BSH-active bacteria and demonstrate the possibility of manipulating the composition of BSHs in the gut through dietary interventions to impact human health.

The influence of rosuvastatin on the gastrointestinal microbiota and host gene expression profiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (5) ◽  
pp. G488-G497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Nolan ◽  
P. Skuse ◽  
K. Govindarajan ◽  
E. Patterson ◽  
N. Konstantinidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

Statins are the most widely prescribed medications worldwide for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-R), an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis in higher organisms and in isoprenoid biosynthesis in some bacteria. We hypothesized that statins may influence the microbial community in the gut through either direct inhibition or indirect mechanisms involving alterations to host responses. We therefore examined the impact of rosuvastatin (RSV) on the community structure of the murine gastrointestinal microbiota. RSV was orally administered to mice and the effects on the gut microbiota, host bile acid profiles, and markers of inflammation were analyzed. RSV significantly influenced the microbial community in both the cecum and feces, causing a significant decrease in α-diversity in the cecum and resulting in a reduction of several physiologically relevant bacterial groups. RSV treatment of mice significantly affected bile acid metabolism and impacted expression of inflammatory markers known to influence microbial community structure (including RegIIIγ and Camp) in the gut. This study suggests that a commonly used statin (RSV) leads to an altered gut microbial composition in normal mice with attendant impacts on local gene expression profiles, a finding that should prompt further studies to investigate the implications of statins for gut microbiota stability and health in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates that rosuvastatin administration in mice affects the gastrointestinal microbiota, influences bile acid metabolism, and alters transcription of genes encoding factors involved in gut homeostasis and immunity in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Bile salt hydrolases: Gatekeepers of bile acid metabolism and host-microbiome crosstalk in the gastrointestinal tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e1007581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Foley ◽  
Sarah O’Flaherty ◽  
Rodolphe Barrangou ◽  
Casey M. Theriot
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism

The human microbiome and bile acid metabolism: dysbiosis, dysmetabolism, disease and intervention

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L Jones ◽  
Christopher J Martoni ◽  
Jorge G Ganopolsky ◽  
Alain Labbé ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism

scholarly journals The influence of probiotics on individual fecal secondary bile acid levels: a two-case study of schizophrenic patients receiving an atypical antipsychotic drug

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Yosuke Saito ◽  
Hiroyuki Nishimiya ◽  
Yasue Kondo ◽  
Toyoaki Sagae
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids ◽  
Bsh Activity

Background: Probiotics is used as a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Modification of bile acid metabolism through the deconjugation of bile salts by microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is considered to be the core mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotics. Nevertheless, BSH activity is reported to be detrimental to the human host due to the generation of toxic secondary bile acids. Thus, the influence of probiotic intake on bile acid metabolism needs to be elucidated. We analyzed the bile acid levels and microbiota in human fecal samples after probiotic supplementation to assess the influence of probiotic intake on fecal bile acid levels. Two patients hospitalized for schizophrenia and dyslipidemia, receiving an atypical antipsychotic drug, were enrolled in this study (Subjects A and B). Both subjects received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for 4 weeks, and no probiotics for the following 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks.Results: Conjugated bile acids may be modified by indigenous intestinal bacteria into unconjugated bile acids and secondary bile acids through deconjugation reactions by BSH activity and the subsequent 7a-dehydroxylation pathway, respectively. In the fecal microbiota from Subject A, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased after LGG supplementation (30%–49%). Most Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains that colonize mammalian intestines may report BSH activity, and in general bifidobacteria reveals a higher BSH activity than lactobacilli. The fecal unconjugated bile acid and secondary bile acid levels in Subject A increased after the LGG supplementation (0.36–1.79 and 1.82–16.19 mmol/g respectively). Although the LGG supplementation appears to promote bile acid deconjugation, most of the unconjugated bile acids in Subject A appear to have been modified into secondary bile acids. Alternatively, in Subject B there were no significant changes throughout the study.Conclusion: We observed a significant increase in the fecal secondary bile acid levels after probiotic administration in one of our cases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors affecting 7a-dehydroxylation of bile acids to confirm the safety of using probiotics.Keywords: bile salt hydrolase; BSH; dihydroxylation; Bifidobacterium

scholarly journals Ilexsaponin A1 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-wen Zhao ◽  
Meng Xiao ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Xiu-wei Li ◽  
Xiao-xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Bile acid (BA) metabolism is an attractive therapeutic target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the effect of ilexsaponin A1 (IsA), a major bioactive ingredient of Ilex, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice with a focus on BA homeostasis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD to induce NAFLD and were treated with IsA (120 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that administration of IsA significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), attenuated liver steatosis, and decreased total hepatic BA levels in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. IsA-treated mice showed increased BA synthesis in the alternative pathway by upregulating the gene expression levels of sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and cholesterol 7b-hydroxylase (CYP7B1). IsA treatment accelerated efflux and decreased uptake of BA in liver by increasing hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression, and reducing Na+-taurocholic acid cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) expression. Alterations in the gut microbiota and increased bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity might be related to enhanced fecal BA excretion in IsA-treated mice. This study demonstrates that consumption of IsA may prevent HFD-induced NAFLD and exert cholesterol-lowering effects, possibly by regulating the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.

T cell mediated cholangitis alters bile acid metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. E2-E89
Author(s):  
F Glaser ◽  
C John ◽  
B Engel ◽  
B Höh ◽  
S Weidemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism
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