scholarly journals The Interaction of Diet and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3574
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kaliszewska ◽  
Joseph Allison ◽  
Matteo Martini ◽  
Natalia Arias
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Aging is inevitable and it is one of the major contributors to cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline are still the object of extensive research. At the biological level, it is unknown how the aging brain is subjected to progressive oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which determine, among others, mitochondrial dysfunction. The link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment is becoming ever more clear by the presence of significant neurological disturbances in human mitochondrial diseases. Possibly, the most important lifestyle factor determining mitochondrial functioning is nutrition. Therefore, with the present work, we review the latest findings disclosing a link between nutrition, mitochondrial functioning and cognition, and pave new ways to counteract cognitive decline in late adulthood through diet.

scholarly journals Multimodal measurement approach to identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a cross-sectional trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046879
Author(s):  
Bernhard Grässler ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Milos Dordevic ◽  
Tariq Ali Gujar ◽  
Sabine Darius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

IntroductionThe diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), that is, the transitory phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia, remains a challenging task. It was observed that a multimodal approach (simultaneous analysis of several complementary modalities) can improve the classification accuracy. We will combine three noninvasive measurement modalities: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalography and heart rate variability via ECG. Our aim is to explore neurophysiological correlates of cognitive performance and whether our multimodal approach can aid in early identification of individuals with MCI.Methods and analysisThis study will be a cross-sectional with patients with MCI and healthy controls (HC). The neurophysiological signals will be measured during rest and while performing cognitive tasks: (1) Stroop, (2) N-back and (3) verbal fluency test (VFT). Main aims of statistical analysis are to (1) determine the differences in neurophysiological responses of HC and MCI, (2) investigate relationships between measures of cognitive performance and neurophysiological responses and (3) investigate whether the classification accuracy can be improved by using our multimodal approach. To meet these targets, statistical analysis will include machine learning approaches.This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that applies simultaneously these three modalities in MCI and HC. We hypothesise that the multimodal approach improves the classification accuracy between HC and MCI as compared with a unimodal approach. If our hypothesis is verified, this study paves the way for additional research on multimodal approaches for dementia research and fosters the exploration of new biomarkers for an early detection of nonphysiological age-related cognitive decline.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committee (reference: 83/19). Data will be shared with the scientific community no more than 1 year following completion of study and data assembly.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04427436, registered on 10 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04427436.

scholarly journals Brain Ageing, Cognition and Diet: A Review of the Emerging Roles of Food-Based Nootropics in Mitigating Age-related Memory Decline

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo ◽  
Adebimpe Yemisi Obelawo ◽  
Olakunle James Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Nootropic Agents ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Impact

Background: Age-related cognitive decline has been suggested to result from an increase in the brain neuron loss, which is attributable to continued derangement of the brain’s oxidant/ antioxidant balance. Increased oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in the brain’s antioxidant defense system have been associated with functional senescence and organismal ageing. However, nature has configured certain foods to be rich sources of nootropic agents, with research showing that increased consumption of such foods or food ingredients may be protective against ageing-related memory decline. This knowledge is becoming increasingly valuable in an era when the boundary that separates food from medicine is becoming blurred. In this review, we examine extant literature dealing with the impact of ageing on brain structure and function, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress. Secondly, we review the benefits of food-based antioxidants with nootropic effects and/or food-based nootropic agents in mitigating memory decline; with a view to improving our understanding of likely mechanisms. We also highlight some of the limitations to the use of food-based nootropics and suggest ways in which they can be better employed in the clinical management of age-related cognitive decline. Conclusion: While it is known that the human brain endures diverse insults in the process of ageing, food-based nootropics are likely to go a long way in mitigating the impacts of these insults. Further research is needed before we reach a point where food-based nootropics are routinely prescribed.

Dietary fatty acids, age-related cognitive decline, and mild cognitive impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Solfrizzi ◽  
C. Capurs ◽  
A. D’Introno ◽  
A. M. Colacicco ◽  
V. Frisardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Lifestyles and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Cognitive decline is a growing medical concern. It includes age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Dementia results in considerable dysfunction in life and is associated with an increase in mortality. Since there is no cure at this time, attention is being increasingly directed towards prevention. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, physical inactivity, poor diet, improper sleep, and loneliness are repeatedly being recognized as modifiable factors that can reduce cognitive decline. This manuscript briefly reviews the lifestyle-cognition relationship.  

Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Naoko Nakahata ◽  
Takumi Nakamura ◽  
Takeshi Kawarabayashi ◽  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Sadanobu Ichii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Background: The Iwaki Health Promotion Project (IHPP) is a community-based study for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases and improvement of quality of life. Objective: Between 2014 and 2017, a total of 4,442 Iwaki town residents from 19 to 93 years of age participated in annual surveys to clarify the natural course of age-related cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Modified OLD and SED-11Q questionnaires, MMSE, Logical Memory II, educational history, and APOE genotypes were examined at the first screening. MCI and dementia were diagnosed at the second examination by detailed neurological examination, CDR, and MRI, and followed for 3 years. Spline regression analyses based on a linear mixed model was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: MMSE scores declined with age from 55 to 64 years. There was also interaction between levels of education and ages. At the second examination, 56 MCI and 5 dementia patients were identified. None of the MCI cases progressed to dementia during the 3 years. During follow-up examinations, 13 cases showed improved MMSE scores (0.95 point/year), 5 remained stable, and 7 deteriorated (–0.83 point/year). Five cases showed improved CDR-SOB scores (–0.28 point/year), 9 remained stable, and 6 deteriorated (0.3 point/year). Conclusion: IHPP revealed that age- and education-related cognitive decline began and advanced from 55 years of age. The prevalence of MCI and dementia was estimated to be 5.9%in the Iwaki town cohort over 60 yeas of age. About 30%of MCI cases showed progression of cognitive decline.

Whole-Diet Approach: Working on a Criterion Validity for Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Solfrizzi ◽  
Vincenza Frisardi ◽  
Cristiano Capurso ◽  
Alessia D'Introno ◽  
Anna M. Colacicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Approach Working ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Targeting anticipatory neurogenesis to maintain cognitive reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Amar Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Hippocampus ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Abstract Memory imprecision is a hallmark of age-related cognitive decline and mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) and is characterized by increased memory interference and decreased stability of memory representations. Evidence from humans, non-human primates and rodents demonstrate reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, excitation-inhibition imbalance and inflexible hippocampal remapping during age-related cognitive decline and MCI. Developing strategies to reverse cognitive decline during aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment necessitates an understanding of molecular, cellular, circuit and network mechanisms that support memory functions of the hippocampus. Over the last decade we have built a multifaceted program grounded in basic neuroscience that is aimed at improving memory in aging and MCI. We have demonstrated how we can Rejuvenate the aged hippocampus by selectively increasing neurogenesis and how we can Re-engineer connectivity of aged inhibitory microcircuits to improve memory precision in aging. Ongoing efforts include strategies to Repairing neurogenic niche fitness by targeting intercellular communication in the aging hippocampus. In today’s talk I will present a fourth approach catalyzed by our discovery of the first transcriptional regulator of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus. We will present data in support of this claim and convey how this discovery may guide strategies to maintain cognitive reserve embodied in the pool of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document