scholarly journals Involvement of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Macular Edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3427
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Noma ◽  
Kanako Yasuda ◽  
Masahiko Shimura
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Consequent Increase

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a critical complication of diabetic retinopathy, a condition that arises from the breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier and the consequent increase in vascular permeability. Over the years, attempts have been made to treat DME by various approaches, including laser photocoagulation, steroid triamcinolone acetonide, and vitrectomy. However, treatment was unsatisfactory until research identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a factor in the pathogenesis of DME. Intraocular anti-VEGF agents show good efficacy in DME. Nevertheless, in some patients the condition recurs or becomes resistant to treatment, suggesting that other factors may be involved. Because inflammation and retinal hypoxia are seen in DME, research has examined the potential role of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. In this review, we provide an overview of this research and describe feedback mechanisms that may represent a target for novel treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Response to Ranibizumab Therapy following Bevacizumab Treatment Failure in Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Hanhart ◽  
Itay Chowers
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
Bevacizumab Treatment ◽  
Central Subfield Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Background/Aims: Bevacizumab and ranibizumab are routinely used to treat diabetic macular edema (DME). We aim to evaluate the usefulness of switching to ranibizumab therapy following bevacizumab treatment failure in eyes with DME. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive group of patients with DME who received ranibizumab injections following the failure of bevacizumab injections. The injections were delivered following a pro re nata protocol every 4-6 weeks. The data collected included demographics, systemic and ophthalmic findings, as well as the central subfield thickness according to spectral-domain OCT. Results: Eight eyes (5 patients) were included in the study. The median number of bevacizumab injections prior to the switch to ranibizumab was 4, and the median number of ranibizumab injections during the study was 2. The mean follow-up period was 541 ± 258 days. The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) (±SEM) was 539 ± 75 μm before the initiation of bevacizumab treatment, and 524 ± 43 μm after the last bevacizumab injection (p = 0.7). It reduced to 325 ± 26 μm following the ranibizumab injections (p = 0.0063). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 4 eyes and remained stable in 4 eyes following the ranibizumab injections. Conclusion: A ranibizumab therapy was effective in reducing the CRT in eyes that failed bevacizumab therapy. A BCVA improvement can also occur in these eyes. Switching between anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds may be beneficial in eyes with DME.

scholarly journals Viral and cellular cytokines in AIDS-related malignant lymphomatous effusions

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1599-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyasu Aoki ◽  
Robert Yarchoan ◽  
James Braun ◽  
Aikichi Iwamoto ◽  
Giovanna Tosato
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphomas

Abstract Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes viral IL-6 (vIL-6). To investigate the potential role of vIL-6 in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- related primary effusion lymphomas (PEL), a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for vIL-6 and applied to the study of PEL. Whereas vIL-6 was detectable in 6 of 8 PEL effusions (range, 1390-66 630 pg/mL), it was not detectable in any of the control effusions. As expected, all PEL effusions contained human IL-6 (range, 957-37 494 pg/mL), and 7 of 8 contained detectable human IL-10 (range, 66-2,521,297 pg/mL). Human and vIL-6 have previously been shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor, which in turn can increase vascular permeability. The results of the current study suggest that these cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis and manifestations of PEL.

scholarly journals Three-year results from the Retro-IDEAL study: Real-world data from diabetic macular edema (DME) patients treated with ILUVIEN® (0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide implant)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J Augustin ◽  
Silvia Bopp ◽  
Martin Fechner ◽  
Frank Holz ◽  
Dirk Sandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Intravitreal Therapy ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Introduction: The Retro-IDEAL (ILUVIEN Implant for chronic DiabEtic MAcuLar edema) study is a retrospective study designed to assess real-world outcomes achieved with the ILUVIEN® (0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc)) in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practices in Germany. Methods: This study was conducted across 16 sites in Germany and involved 81 eyes (63 patients) with persistent or recurrent DME and a prior suboptimal response to a first-line intravitreal therapy (primarily anti-VEGF intravitreal therapies). Results: Patients were followed-up for 30.8 ± 11.3 months (mean ± standard deviation) and had a mean age of 68.0 ± 10.4 years. Best-recorded visual acuity (BRVA) improved by +5.5 letters at month 9 (P ⩽ 0.005, n=56; from a baseline of 49 letters) and this was maintained through to month 30 (P ⩽ 0.05, n = 42). There was a concurrent improvement in central macular thickness with a reduction from 502 µm at baseline to 338 µm at year 1 (P ⩽ 0.0001, n = 43). This effect was sustained to year 3 (i.e. 318 µm; P ⩽ 0.0001, n = 29). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) remained constant between baseline and year 3 with a peak change of 1.9 mm Hg occurring at year 1. Elevated IOP was observed in a similar percentage of patients prior to (22.2% of cases) and following (27.2%) treatment with the FAc implant. In the majority of cases, these elevations were managed effectively with IOP medications. Conclusions: Despite substantial amounts of prior intravitreal treatments – primarily with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs – this real-world study showed that sustained structural and functional improvements can last for up to 3 years with a single FAc implant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document