scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis after Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Ramsha Shams ◽  
Kelsey P. Drasites ◽  
Vandana Zaman ◽  
Denise Matzelle ◽  
Donald C. Shields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Most individuals who sustain severe SCI also develop subsequent osteoporosis. However, beyond immobilization-related lack of long bone loading, multiple mechanisms of SCI-related bone density loss are incompletely understood. Recent findings suggest neuronal impairment and disability may lead to an upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which promotes bone resorption. Disruption of Wnt signaling and dysregulation of RANKL may also contribute to the pathogenesis of SCI-related osteoporosis. Estrogenic effects may protect bones from resorption by decreasing the upregulation of RANKL. This review will discuss the current proposed physiological and cellular mechanisms explaining osteoporosis associated with SCI. In addition, we will discuss emerging pharmacological and physiological treatment strategies, including the promising effects of estrogen on cellular protection.

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Martin ◽  
Lara Zimmermann ◽  
Kee D. Kim ◽  
Marike Zwienenberg ◽  
Kiarash Shahlaie
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury currently affects approximately 285,000 persons in the United States and carries with it significant morbidity and cost. Early management focuses on adequate ventilation and hemodynamic resuscitation of the patient and limiting motion of the spine to prevent a second injury. Medical management targets maintenance of adequate blood flow to the spinal cord, whereas surgical management focuses on decompression, realignment, and stabilization of the vertebral column. In this chapter, we discuss the approach to the patient with traumatic spinal cord injury, injury types, and medical and surgical management. This review contains 9 figures, 4 tables and 30 references Key Words: American Spinal Injury Association score, burst fracture, Chance fracture, compression fracture, hangman, mean arterial pressure therapy, odontoid fracture, spinal cord injury, traction

Relationship of Exercise and Hospital Readmission After Spinal Cord Injury: A Secondary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kubiak ◽  
Elliot Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Cord Injury

Importance: After spinal cord injury (SCI), as many as 45% of people experience at least one hospital readmission within 1 yr. Identification of feasible low-cost interventions to reduce hospital readmissions after SCI is needed. Objective: To explore whether a relationship exists between routine exercise and hospital readmission rates 1 yr after SCI. Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the SCIRehab Project, a prospective cohort study. Setting: Five SCI inpatient rehabilitation facilities across the United States. Participants: Participants were people age 12 yr and older who had sustained an SCI, were admitted to a participating inpatient rehabilitation facility, completed the 12-mo postinjury interview, and reported exercising either monthly or not at all since discharge (N = 520). Outcomes and Measures: The SCIRehab Project conducted 12-mo post–inpatient rehabilitation discharge interviews. As part of the interviews, self-reported hospital readmissions and exercise frequencies since discharge (self-reported number of months, average days per week, and average minutes per day of exercise participation) were collected and analyzed. Results: A χ2 analysis determined that a significant correlation (φ = −.091, p = .038) exists between monthly exercise and hospital readmissions 1 yr postinjury. Compared with those who did not exercise, participants who exercised monthly had 8.4% fewer hospital readmissions. Conclusions and Relevance: A relationship exists between exercise and hospital readmission, but follow-up research is needed to determine whether regular exercise reduces hospital readmissions among this population. What This Article Adds: After discharge, 44% of the participants did not exercise during the first year after injury. Identifying or implementing accessible community exercise programs is an area of opportunity for occupational therapy practitioners and future researchers to explore.

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Martin ◽  
Lara Zimmermann ◽  
Kee D. Kim ◽  
Marike Zwienenberg ◽  
Kiarash Shahlaie
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Cord Injury

Traumatic spinal cord injury currently affects approximately 285,000 persons in the United States and carries with it significant morbidity and cost. Early management focuses on adequate ventilation and hemodynamic resuscitation of the patient and limiting motion of the spine to prevent a second injury. Medical management targets maintenance of adequate blood flow to the spinal cord, whereas surgical management focuses on decompression, realignment, and stabilization of the vertebral column. In this chapter, we discuss the approach to the patient with traumatic spinal cord injury, injury types, and medical and surgical management. This review contains 9 figures, 4 tables and 30 references Key Words: American Spinal Injury Association score, burst fracture, Chance fracture, compression fracture, hangman, mean arterial pressure therapy, odontoid fracture, spinal cord injury, traction

Men’s Adjustment to Spinal Cord Injury: The Unique Contributions of Conformity to Masculine Gender Norms

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Michael Burns ◽  
Sigmund Hough ◽  
Briana L. Boyd ◽  
Justin Hill
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

Men constitute 82% of the approximately 250,000 people in the United States living with a spinal cord injury. Unfortunately, however, little is known about the impact of men’s adherence to gender norms on their adjustment to such injuries. The present investigation examined the utility of masculine norms in explaining variance in depression beyond that accounted for by commonly identified predictors of men’s adjustment following spinal cord injury. As hypothesized, results suggested that men’s adherence to masculine norms accounted for unique variance in their depression scores beyond that contributed by social support, environmental barriers/access, and erectile functioning. Respondents who adhered to norms stressing the primacy of men’s work demonstrated lower rates of depression, whereas those who conformed to norms for self-reliance demonstrated higher depression scores. The authors discuss future research directions and potential psychotherapeutic strategies for working with men with spinal cord injuries.

scholarly journals A model for estimating spinal cord injury prevalence in the United States

Spinal Cord ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Lasfargues ◽  
D Custis ◽  
F Morrone ◽  
J Cars well ◽  
T Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cord Injury

263 BLADDER MANAGEMENT METHODS AFTER TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY IN THE UNITED STATES

2010 ◽  
Vol 183 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P. Cameron ◽  
Lauren P. Wallner ◽  
Aruna V. Sarma ◽  
Denise G. Tate ◽  
Gianna M. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Bladder Management
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