scholarly journals Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Treatment—Current and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2801
Author(s):  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz ◽  
Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an immune-mediated demyelinative disorder of the central nervous system affecting mainly the optical nerves and the spinal cord. The recurrent course of the disease, with exacerbations and incomplete remissions, causes accumulating disability, which has a profound impact upon patients’ quality of life. The discovery of antibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and their leading role in NMO etiology and the formulation of diagnostic criteria have improved appropriate recognition of the disease. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in understanding the background of NMO, leading to an increasing range of treatment options. On the basis of a review of the relevant literature, the authors present currently available therapeutic strategies for NMO as well as ongoing research in this field, with reference to key points of immune-mediated processes involved in the background of the disease.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of the Different Clinical Phenotypes of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Edyta Dziadkowiak ◽  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Marta Nowakowska-Kotas ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz ◽  
Zofia Koszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is the most common form of autoimmune polyneuropathy. It is a chronic disease and may be monophasic, progressive or recurrent with exacerbations and incomplete remissions, causing accumulating disability. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in understanding the background of CIDP, which allowed us to distinguish specific phenotypes of this disease. This in turn allowed us to better understand the mechanism of response or non-response to various forms of therapy. On the basis of a review of the relevant literature, the authors present the current state of knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of the different clinical phenotypes of CIDP as well as ongoing research in this field, with reference to key points of immune-mediated processes involved in the background of CIDP.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya G. Trenova ◽  
Georgi S. Slavov ◽  
Maria G. Manova ◽  
Jana B. Aksentieva ◽  
Lyuba D. Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Transection ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a socially significant immune-mediated disease, characterized by demyelination, axonal transection and oligodendropathy in the central nervous system. Inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration lead to brain atrophy and cognitive deficit in up to 75% of the patients. Cognitive dysfunctions impact significantly patients’ quality of life, independently from the course and phase of the disease. The relationship between pathological brain findings and cognitive impairment is a subject of intensive research. Summarizing recent data about prevalence, clinical specificity and treatment of cognitive disorders in MS, this review aims to motivate the necessity of early diagnosis and complex therapeutic approach to these disturbances in order to reduce the social burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Neuromyelitis Optica in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Zahra Nasr ◽  
Behrang Khalili ◽  
Maryam Taherioun ◽  
Reza Vosoughi
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Level

Background.Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s disease) is a severe autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Epidemiological aspects of NMO have not been systemically reviewed. In this study we systematically reviewed and assessed the quality of studies reporting the incidence and/or prevalence of NMO across the world.Methods.A comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science for the terms “Neuromyelitis optica,” “devic disease,” “incidence,” “prevalence,” and “epidemiology” was conducted on January 31, 2015. Study quality was assessed using an assessment tool based on recognized guidelines and designed specifically for this study.Results.A total of 216 studies were initially identified, with only 9 meeting the inclusion criteria. High level of heterogeneity amongst studies precluded a firm conclusion. Incidence data were found in four studies and ranged from 0.053 per 100,000 per year in Cuba to 0.4 in Southern Denmark. Prevalence was reported in all studies and ranged from 0.51 per 100,000 in Cuba to 4.4 in Southern Denmark.Conclusion.This review reveals the gaps that still exist in the epidemiological knowledge of NMO in the world. Published studies have different qualities and methodology precluding a robust conclusion. Future researches focusing on epidemiological features of NMO in different nations and different ethnic groups are needed.

Decision making in clinical stage I (CSI) testicular cancer (TC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15034-e15034
Author(s):  
Giovannella Palmieri ◽  
Lucia Nappi ◽  
Caterina Condello ◽  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Piera Federico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Open Question

e15034 Background: Optimal management of CSI seminomatous (S) and nonseminomatous (NS) TC is an open question. Quality of life and patient preferences are the principal end-points for the best treatment choice. Multidisciplinary approach is required for CSI TC patients to allow an individualized treatment with a patient-centered approach and an active participation in decisions. The “shared decision making” (SDM) is the prevailing approach because patients together with clinicians arrive at a mutually agreed-on choice. We have a project concerning the involvement of patients with CSI TC in the SDM. Methods: We used some key points of SDM: define the problem; treatment options; discuss pros/cons; clarify patient preferences; clarify the patient’s understanding. Educational material are offered to patients. From 2005 to 2012, 32 patients with CSI TC were evaluated. For each patient some clinical and socio-demographic features, type of treatment chosen and some sequel related to treatment were analyzed. Results: Patients characteristics are reported in the table. 4 S patients chose surveillance, 10 chemotherapy and 6 radiotherapy. 2 NS patients chose surveillance, 9 chemotherapy. 4 relapsed: 1 S patient after 13 months from chemotherapy and 1 during the surveillance after 24 months. 2 NS patients relapsed after 12 and 18 months both during the surveillance. All relapsed patients received chemotherapy. Metabolic alterations were analyzed. 1 S patient treated with chemotherapy had a cardiovascular accident. Conclusions: We observed an high gap between surveillance and the active treatments: there is no best choice for every one so we should improve decision-making process and decision aids into the management of CSI patients with TC. [Table: see text]

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
A. Sebastian López-Chiriboga ◽  
Brian G. Weinshenker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, traditionally diagnosed in patients with inflammatory attacks restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord. The chapter considers the epidemiology, pathophysiology and immunopathogenesis of NMOSD. The clinical presentation and radiographic features are reviewed and the prognosis of patients with NMOSD is considered. The mortality and morbidity of untreated NMOSD is much greater than those of MS. Treatment options are summarized and finally future prospects of research are considered.

scholarly journals Migraine and Sleep–An Unexplained Association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5539
Author(s):  
Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽  
Marta Nowakowska-Kotas ◽  
Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Current View ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Common

Migraine and sleep disorders are common chronic diseases in the general population, with significant negative social and economic impacts. The association between both of these phenomena has been observed by clinicians for years and is confirmed by many epidemiological studies. Despite this, the nature of this relationship is still not fully understood. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in understanding the common anatomical structures of and pathogenetic mechanism between sleep and migraine. Based on a literature review, the authors present the current view on this topic as well as ongoing research in this field, with reference to the key points of the biochemical and neurophysiological processes responsible for both these disorders. In the future, a better understanding of these mechanisms will significantly expand the range of treatment options.

Information and resources important to the quality of life of people living with multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Malachy Bishop ◽  
Stuart Rumrill ◽  
Bradley McDaniels ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Robert Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Types Of Information

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, typically progressive immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), and is associated with a wide range of neurological, physical, and psychosocial effects. For people living with MS, access to relevant, timely, and accessible health information and resources may contribute to effective illness management, psychosocial health, and quality of life (QOL). In this study, we sought to increase understanding of the specific types of information most wanted by people with MS, as well as the sources and effects of this information. Specifically, we surveyed 748 adults with MS about (a) the sources from which they obtain information about MS, (b) the type of information that is most important in terms of improving their QOL, and (c) specific topics about which they would like to have more information, services, or resources. Content analysis of the qualitative results demonstrated the diversity of information sources accessed by people with MS and the importance of providing information through different formats and media. The participants prioritized information related to new MS medications and treatments, physical and mental health and wellness, and local opportunities for support. Implications for practicing rehabilitation counselors are discussed.

Immune-mediated Disorders of the Central Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acute Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter reviews pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome. MS is a major acquired disease of young adults, with a rising female predominance. MS has no direct negative consequences on fertility or pregnancy. Pregnancy has a profound effect on MS, with decrease in disease activity during the last trimester counteracted by a three-month postpartum increase in disease activity. With the development of disease-modifying therapies, important questions arise about washout periods, the feasibility and risks of treating during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the potential of treatment-related adverse fetal effects. Fortunately, there is good information to counsel women with MS. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroimmune channelopathy. It is a distinct disorder from MS. NMOSD disease activity is not favorably affected by pregnancy. The postpartum period has real risk for disabling attacks. This influences recommendations about breastfeeding and how quickly to resume therapy postpartum. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) syndrome can occur in both MS and NMOSD but can also be due to other disorders. Workup and treatment of ATM during pregnancy is reviewed, as well as implications for delivery.

scholarly journals Efficacy of emicizumab in a pediatric patient with type 3 von Willebrand disease and alloantibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (18) ◽  
pp. 2748-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela C. Weyand ◽  
Veronica H. Flood ◽  
Jordan A. Shavit ◽  
Steven W. Pipe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand

Key Points Type 3 von Willebrand disease with alloantibodies is a rare clinical entity with few treatment options. Emicizumab prophylaxis in such patients may result in improved hemarthrosis control, lower cost, and enhanced quality of life.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and supportive care at leading cancer centers: A systematic analysis of websites

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17528-e17528
Author(s):  
J. A. Brauer ◽  
A. El Sehamy ◽  
J. M. Metz ◽  
J. J. Mao
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Medicine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

e17528 Background: With increasing frequency, cancer patients and their family members are turning to the Internet to educate themselves about their disease and treatment options, including CAM and supportive care. However, very little is known about how national leading cancer centers represent these therapies via their websites. Methods: Simulating the patients’ perspective, we performed a systematic analysis of the websites of 41 National Cancer Institute (NCI) designated comprehensive cancer centers. Two researchers independently evaluated websites, recorded CAM information, and rated quality of the websites using a 4-item Likert scale (overall, information, presentation, and navigation) with Cronbach's alpha = 0.97. Rating was adequately correlated between the two raters (correlation coefficient 0.8). Results: Of 41 centers, 12 (29%) did not have functional websites with regards to information related to CAM. The most common CAM approaches mentioned were: acupuncture (59%), meditation/nutrition/spiritual support/yoga (56% for each), massage therapy (54%), and music therapy (51%). Twenty-three (56%) presented information on support groups, 19 (46%) on patient seminars, 18 (44%) on survivorship effort, and 17 (41%) on symptom management clinics. Twenty-nine (71%) of these websites had a telephone number available, 22 (54%) mentioned at least one ongoing research opportunity, and 19 (46%) provided links to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine website. Median rating of the quality of websites was 50 out of 100, with only 7 (17%) of centers receiving a composite score 80 (excellent) or better. Conclusions: While a growing number of leading cancer centers provide information about CAM and supportive oncology information for patients via their websites, the quality and ease of navigation of these sites remain highly variable. Effective development and redesign of many of the websites is needed to better inform and empower patients and families seeking CAM and supportive care information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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