scholarly journals Understanding Viral Infection Mechanisms and Patient Symptoms for the Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Hyung Muk Choi ◽  
Soo Youn Moon ◽  
Hyung In Yang ◽  
Kyoung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
Infection Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Drug Reposition

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms range from mild fever to cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and organ failure, with a mortality rate of 2.2%. However, there are no licensed drugs or definitive treatment strategies for patients with severe COVID-19. Only antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs are used as symptomatic treatments based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are also trying to develop COVID-19 therapeutics. However, there is limited systematic information about the pathogenesis of COVID-19 symptoms that cause tissue damage or death and the mechanisms by which the virus infects and replicates in cells. Here, we introduce recent knowledge of time course changes in viral titers, delayed virus clearance, and persistent systemic inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Based on the concept of drug reposition, we review which antiviral or anti-inflammatory drugs can effectively treat COVID-19 patients based on progressive symptoms and the mechanisms inhibiting virus infection and replication.

scholarly journals Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws in Children: An Update on Pathophysiology, Radiological Findings, Treatment Strategies, and Prospective Analysis of Two Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Berglund ◽  
Karin Ekströmer ◽  
Jahan Abtahi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective.Primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO) of the jaws in children is associated with pain, trismus, and swelling. In children, temporomandibular joint involvement is rare and few studies have been published due to the relatively low incidence. This paper presents two cases of mandibular PCO in children with the involvement of the collum mandibulae. In addition, a review of the literature regarding demographic data, histological, radiological, and laboratory findings, and treatment strategies of PCO was also performed.Material and Methods.Prospective analyses of two PCO cases. A PubMed search was used and the articles were sorted according to their corresponding key area of focus.Results.Review of the literature revealed twenty-four cases of PCO with two cases of mandibular condyle involvement. The mean age was 18 years; the male to female ratio was 1 : 3. Most of the patients were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with decortication. Clinical recurrence was seen in 7 cases.Conclusion.A combination of anti-inflammatory drugs and surgical intervention appears to be the first choice of treatment. However, surgical removal of necrotic tissue adjacent to collum mandibulae has its limitations in children. Further investigations are of utmost importance in order to increase our knowledge and understanding of this disease.

scholarly journals Alflutop - in modern symptom - modifying osteoarthritis therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
V N Drozdov ◽  
E V Shikh ◽  
S Y Serebrova ◽  
A G Abrosimov ◽  
A K Starodubtsev
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Human Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Complex Drug

One of the serious problems during the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is the developing of adverse drug events during therapy. Nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first drugs with the high incidence and severity of adverse events. This article describes OA treatment strategies approaches for OA are presented using the complex drug Alflutop, which has a composition similar to the human hyaline cartilage. The drug has anti - inflammatory and analgesic effects, normalizes the function of the affected joints, improves the quality of patients’ life, also has a structure - modifying effect. Such therapy is safe, well tolerable for patients, and can be used used as a starting complex OA treatment.

scholarly journals Time-Course Study of Gastric Damages in Rats by Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using a Gastroscope and Its Quantification

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira FUJII ◽  
Noboru KUBOYAMA ◽  
Sumi KOBAYASHI ◽  
Yoshikazu NAMIKI ◽  
Toyoyuki TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Time Course Study

Reduction of paw edema and liver oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia caperata, lichen species, in mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samira Salem ◽  
Essaid Leghouchi ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract. Paw edema volume reduction is a useful marker in determining the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs and plant extracts in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Lobaria pulmonaria (LP) and Parmelia caperata (PC), two lichen species, was examined in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema test. Compared to the controls in carrageenan-induced inflammation (n = 5/group), our results showed that pretreatment by single oral doses with PC extract (50–500 mg/kg) gives better results than LP extract (50–500 mg/kg) in terms of anti-edematous activity, as after 4 h of carrageenan subplantar injection, paw edema formation was inhibited at 82–99% by PC while at 35–49% by LP. The higher anti-inflammatory effect of PC, at all doses, was also observed on the time-course of carrageenan-induced paw edema, displaying profile closely similar to that obtained with diclofenac (25 mg/kg), an anti-inflammatory drug reference (all p < 0.001). Both LP and PC, at all doses, significantly ameliorated liver catalase (CAT) activity (all p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels were found increased in liver of PC- compared to LP-carrageenan-injected mice. Our findings demonstrated on one hand higher preventive effects of PC compared to LP in a mouse carrageenan-induced inflammatory model and suggested, on the other hand, that anti-inflammatory effects elicited by the two lichens were closely associated with the amelioration in the endogenous antioxidant status of liver.

Polyphenols from Cymbopogon citratus inhibit iNOS expression and NO production – a promising source of new anti-inflammatory drugs

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Francisco ◽  
A Figueirinha ◽  
B Neves ◽  
C Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
M Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inos Expression ◽  
No Production ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source

Heparin and proteoglycans as anti-inflammatory drugs

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
D. J. Tyrrell ◽  
C. P. Page
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

SummaryEvidence continues to accumulate that the pleiotropic nature of heparin (beyond its anticoagulant potency) includes anti-inflammatory activities at a number of levels. It is clear that drugs exploiting these anti-inflammatory activities of heparin may offer exciting new therapeutic applications to the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases.

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