scholarly journals Protective Role of Polyphenols in Heart Failure: Molecular Targets and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Their Therapeutic Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Rami S. Najjar ◽  
Rafaela G. Feresin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death in the United States, with a 5-year mortality rate of 50% despite modern pharmacological therapies. Plant-based diets are comprised of a diverse polyphenol profile, which lends to their association with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Whether a polyphenol-rich diet can slow the progression of or reverse HF in humans is not known. To date, in vitro and in vivo studies have reported on the protective role of polyphenols in HF. In this review, we will discuss the major mechanisms by which polyphenols mitigate HF in vitro and in vivo, including (1) reduced cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, (2) reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, (3) improved Ca2+ homeostasis, (4) increased survival signaling, and (5) increased sirtuin 1 activity.

scholarly journals Early activation of the cardiac CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis delays β-adrenergic-induced heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Flamant ◽  
N. Mougenot ◽  
E. Balse ◽  
L. Le Fèvre ◽  
F. Atassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Intramyocardial Injection ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy

AbstractWe recently highlighted a novel potential protective paracrine role of cardiac myeloid CD11b/c cells improving resistance of adult hypertrophied cardiomyocytes to oxidative stress and potentially delaying evolution towards heart failure (HF) in response to early β-adrenergic stimulation. Here we characterized macrophages (Mφ) in hearts early infused with isoproterenol as compared to control and failing hearts and evaluated the role of upregulated CX3CL1 in cardiac remodeling. Flow cytometry, immunohistology and Mφ-depletion experiments evidenced a transient increase in Mφ number in isoproterenol-infused hearts, proportional to early concentric hypertrophy (ECH) remodeling and limiting HF. Combining transcriptomic and secretomic approaches we characterized Mφ-enriched CD45+ cells from ECH hearts as CX3CL1- and TNFα-secreting cells. In-vivo experiments, using intramyocardial injection in ECH hearts of either Cx3cl1 or Cx3cr1 siRNA, or Cx3cr1−/− knockout mice, identified the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis as a protective pathway delaying transition to HF. In-vitro results showed that CX3CL1 not only enhanced ECH Mφ proliferation and expansion but also supported adult cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via a synergistic action with TNFα. Our data underscore the in-vivo transient protective role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in ECH remodeling and suggest the participation of CX3CL1-secreting Mφ and their crosstalk with CX3CR1-expressing cardiomyocytes to delay HF.

Parkinson’s Disease-Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Khaliq
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

Parkinson’s disease one of the most complex neurological disorder. The disease risk and progression are due to common genetic variants. Approximately 6.2 million cases are reported each year according to the statistics published in 2015 whereas it is expected that this number will be twice by 2040. There are two types of Parkinson’s disease, familial Parkinson’s disease, and sporadic Parkinson’s disease. The disease is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies. Adult age increases the risk of Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the disease pathology of Lewy bodies in the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease, in vitro studies to determine the role of iPSCs in treatment of Parkinson’s disease, in vivo studies to determine the role of animal model in studying disease modeling, and future prospective how single-cell RNA sequencing technology is a major advancement in studying and find the treatment for Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals The role of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in Kawasaki disease -in vitro and in vivo studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GRUNEBAUM ◽  
M. BLANK ◽  
S. COHEN ◽  
A. AFEK ◽  
J. KOPOLOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Muddassar Hameed ◽  
Abdul Wahaab ◽  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Sawar Khan ◽  
Jawad Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Iii

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous outbreaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of JEV genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and the humans and equines are dead-end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for the JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals, especially birds, that live in high abundance and close proximity to the human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in the JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to the JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on the poultry industry in the future, a perspective that has been neglected for a long time. We also discuss the recent in vitro and in vivo studies that show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.

scholarly journals Photosensitizing Medications and Skin Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. George ◽  
Navya Baranwal ◽  
Jae H. Kang ◽  
Abrar A. Qureshi ◽  
Aaron M. Drucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Cancer Risk ◽  
Number Of Patients

(1) The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in the United States (US) despite scientific advances in our understanding of skin cancer risk factors and treatments. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence that suggests that certain photosensitizing medications (PSMs) increase skin cancer risk. This review summarizes current epidemiological evidence on the association between common PSMs and skin cancer. (2) A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify meta-analyses, observational studies and clinical trials that report on skin cancer events in PSM users. The associated risks of keratinocyte carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) and melanoma are summarized, for each PSM. (3) There are extensive reports on antihypertensives and statins relative to other PSMs, with positive and null findings, respectively. Fewer studies have explored amiodarone, metformin, antimicrobials and vemurafenib. No studies report on the individual skin cancer risks in glyburide, naproxen, piroxicam, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and nalidixic acid users. (4) The research gaps in understanding the relationship between PSMs and skin cancer outlined in this review should be prioritized because the US population is aging. Thus the number of patients prescribed PSMs is likely to continue to rise.

scholarly journals The Novel Role of PGC1α in Bone Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4670
Author(s):  
Cinzia Buccoliero ◽  
Manuela Dicarlo ◽  
Patrizia Pignataro ◽  
Francesco Gaccione ◽  
Silvia Colucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Increased Risk

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a protein that promotes transcription of numerous genes, particularly those responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Evidence for a key role of PGC1α in bone metabolism is very recent. In vivo studies showed that PGC1α deletion negatively affects cortical thickness, trabecular organization and resistance to flexion, resulting in increased risk of fracture. Furthermore, in a mouse model of bone disease, PGC1α activation stimulates osteoblastic gene expression and inhibits atrogene transcription. PGC1α overexpression positively affects the activity of Sirtuin 3, a mitochondrial nicotinammide adenina dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, on osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro, PGC1α overexpression prevents the reduction of mitochondrial density, membrane potential and alkaline phosphatase activity caused by Sirtuin 3 knockdown in osteoblasts. Moreover, PGC1α influences the commitment of skeletal stem cells towards an osteogenic lineage, while negatively affects marrow adipose tissue accumulation. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about PGC1α action on bone metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, and in pathologies that cause bone loss, such as osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Novel Insights on the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Ovary: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Budani ◽  
Gian Mario Tiboni
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Oocyte Meiotic Maturation

Nitric oxide (NO) is formed during the oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the action of multiple isoenzymes of NO synthase (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), endotelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). NO plays a relevant role in the vascular endothelium, in central and peripheral neurons, and in immunity and inflammatory systems. In addition, several authors showed a consistent contribution of NO to different aspects of the reproductive physiology. The aim of the present review is to analyse the published data on the role of NO within the ovary. It has been demonstrated that the multiple isoenzymes of NOS are expressed and localized in the ovary of different species. More to the point, a consistent role was ascribed to NO in the processes of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and oocyte meiotic maturation in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models. Unfortunately, there are few nitric oxide data for humans; there are preliminary data on the implication of nitric oxide for oocyte/embryo quality and in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) parameters. NO plays a remarkable role in the ovary, but more investigation is needed, in particular in the context of human ovarian physiology.

scholarly journals The pathophysiologic role of the protein kinase Cδ pathway in the intervertebral discs of rabbits and mice: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Ellman ◽  
Jae-Sung Kim ◽  
Howard S. An ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kroin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protein Kinase Cδ

scholarly journals Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb ◽  
Ghoson Daba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Global Marketplace

Abstract. Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. 2020. Review: The endless nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of the Himalayan gold, Cordyceps; Current knowledge and prospective potentials. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 18: 70-77. As a traditional medicine, Cordyceps has long been used in Asian nations for maintaining vivacity and boosting immunity. Numerous publications on various bioactivities of Cordyceps have been investigated in both in-vitro as well as in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the role of Cordyceps is still arguable whether it acts as food supplement for health benefits or a real healing drug that can be prescribed in medicine. The Cordyceps industry has developed greatly and offers thousands of products, commonly available in a global marketplace. In this review, focus will be on introducing the ecology of Cordyceps and their classification. Moreover, elucidation of the richness of extracts originated from this mushroom in nutritional components was presented, with description of the chemical compounds of Cordyceps and its well-known compounds such as cordycepin, and cordycepic acid. Furthermore, highlights on natural growth and artificial cultivation of famous Cordyceps species were presented. The health benefits and reported bioactivities of Cordyceps species as promising antimicrobial, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, organ protective agent, and enhancer for organ function were presented.

scholarly journals Raphanus sativus ameliorates atherogeneic lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats and hypercholesterolemia-associated peroxidative liver damage

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozammel Haque ◽  
Jahirul Islam ◽  
Asiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fowzia Akter Selina ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Hot Water

Objective: Raphanus sativus is a hugely used edible root vegetable. We investigated whether the feeding of the Raphanus sativus hot water extract (RSE) ameliorates atherogenic lipid profile and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: After feeding of the RSE to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks, the levels of plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and fecal TC levels were studied. The effects of RSE on the hepatic enzymes, namely alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and liver histology were also evaluated. Results: Hypercholesterolemia increased the levels of TC and TG in the plasma and livers. The levels of ALT, AST and ALP in plasma and LPO in the liver also increased. The dietary RSE, however, significantly ameliorated the above atherogenic lipids and liver enzymes. The RSE significantly reduced the levels of LPO in the liver, suggesting an in vivo protection against of oxidative stress. The RSE also inhibited the in vitro Fenton’s reagent-induced oxidative stress, thus corroborating the in vivo anti-LPO actions of RSE. The levels of hepatic LPO were positively correlated with plasma AST (r=0.76; P <0.05) and ALT (r=0.43; P<0.05) levels. Histologically, the livers of the RSE-fed hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited lesser fatty droplets and reduced inflammatory cells. Conclusion: Finally, R. sativus extract lowers the cardiovascular disease risk factors under hypercholesterolemic situation by increasing the plasma/hepatic clearance of cholesterol and improving the hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative damage of hepatic tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document