scholarly journals From Liver Cirrhosis to Cancer: The Role of Micro-RNAs in Hepatocarcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Raphael Mohr ◽  
Burcin Özdirik ◽  
Joeri Lambrecht ◽  
Münevver Demir ◽  
Johannes Eschrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Almost All

In almost all cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops as the endpoint of a sequence that starts with chronic liver injury, progresses to liver cirrhosis, and finally, over years and decades, results in liver cancer. Recently, the role of non-coding RNA such as microRNA (miRNA) has been demonstrated in the context of chronic liver diseases and HCC. Moreover, data from a phase II trial suggested a potential role of microRNAs as therapeutics in hepatitis-C-virus infection, representing a significant risk factor for development of liver cirrhosis and HCC. Despite progress in the clinical management of chronic liver diseases, pharmacological treatment options for patients with liver cirrhosis and/or advanced HCC are still limited. With their potential to regulate whole networks of genes, miRNA might be used as novel therapeutics in these patients but could also serve as biomarkers for improved patient stratification. In this review, we discuss available data on the role of miRNA in the transition from liver cirrhosis to HCC. We highlight opportunities for clinical translation and discuss open issues applicable to future developments.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, diseases such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease of other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Liver Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Young Lee ◽  
Ki Tae Suk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. In addition to viral hepatitis, genetic conditions such as steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and Wilson’s disease can also lead to cirrhosis. Moreover, alcohol can cause cirrhosis on its own and exacerbate chronic liver disease from other causes. The treatment of cirrhosis can be divided into addressing the cause of cirrhosis and reversing liver fibrosis. To this date, there is still no clear consensus on the treatment of cirrhosis. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in potential treatments that modulate the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis for the treatment of cirrhosis. According to recent studies, modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics ameliorates the progression of liver disease. The precise mechanism for relieving cirrhosis via gut microbial modulation has not been identified. This paper summarizes the role and effects of the gut microbiome in cirrhosis based on experimental and clinical studies on absorbable antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Moreover, it provides evidence of a relationship between the gut microbiome and liver cirrhosis.

Role of scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Armengol ◽  
Ramon Bartoli ◽  
Lucia Sanjurjo ◽  
Isabel Serra ◽  
Nuria Amezaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Micro-RNAs in hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 558-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelista Sagnelli ◽  
Nicoletta Potenza ◽  
Lorenzo Onorato ◽  
Caterina Sagnelli ◽  
Nicola Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
B Virus

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Liver Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Devaraj Ezhilarasan ◽  
Shanmugam Rajeshkumar ◽  
Thangavelu Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Roles and Cytoprotection in Chronic Liver Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Degli Esposti ◽  
Jocelyne Hamelin ◽  
Nelly Bosselut ◽  
Raphaël Saffroy ◽  
Mylène Sebagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver Injury ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

The liver is one of the richest organs in terms of number and density of mitochondria. Most chronic liver diseases are associated with the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Hepatic mitochondria have unique features compared to other organs' mitochondria, since they are the hub that integrates hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Mitochondria are also essential in hepatocyte survival as mediator of apoptosis and necrosis. Hepatocytes have developed different mechanisms to keep mitochondrial integrity or to prevent the effects of mitochondrial lesions, in particular regulating organelle biogenesis and degradation. In this paper, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in liver physiology, such as hepatic metabolism, reactive oxygen species homeostasis and cell survival. We will also focus on chronic liver pathologies, especially those linked to alcohol, virus, drugs or metabolic syndrome and we will discuss how mitochondria could provide a promising therapeutic target in these contexts.

scholarly journals Noninvasive, Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Liver Diseases Using Whole-Transcriptome Profiling of Platelets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huikun Wu ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Tianyuan Zhang ◽  
Mingzhong Xiao ◽  
Ye Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most serious tumor in the world. It generally undergoes a series of processes from HBV infection, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC from early to late stages. Patients could benefit from early detection of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Tumor-Educated Platelets play an important role in tumor progression, which maybe a potential biomarker for CLD early diagnosis. Here, we developed a noninvasive liquid biopsy technique using platelet RNA for the early screening of patients with liver diseases. Methods: This study included a total of 163 individuals, including 50 healthy individuals, 39 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 40 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 34 patients with HCC. Blood was collected before initiation of treatment. Platelet RNA-Seq combined with Support Vector Machine (SVM), was used for the first time to distinguish the different stages of CLD in Asian patients.Results: Developed diagnostic model could distinguished with 92.4% accuracy between 34 HCC and 50 healthy, 89.92% accuracy between 34 patients HCC and 129 non-cancer individuals, and 83.67% between 50 healthy and 113 CLD. Across four different individual types, the accuracy of distinction (healthy/chronic hepatitis B/liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma) was 65.31%. This model was internally validated, resulting in optimism-corrected AUC's of 86.8%.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the developed platelet RNA-Seq is a valuable platform for the diagnosis of CLD, providing an effective solution for its diagnosis.

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