scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ellagic Acid on Keratinocytes via MAPK and STAT Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Gil ◽  
Chul-Hee Hong ◽  
Hyo-Jin An
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by an impaired skin barrier and intense itchiness, which decreases the individual’s quality of life. No fully effective therapeutic agents have prevailed for AD due to an insufficient grasp of the complex etiology. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural compound, has anti-inflammatory properties in chronic diseases. The effects of EA on AD have not yet been explored. The present study investigated the effects of EA on TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes and house dust mite-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Treatment with EA suppressed inflammatory responses in keratinocytes by regulating critical inflammatory signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription. In vivo studies using a DfE-induced AD mouse model showed the effects of EA administration through ameliorated skin lesions via decremented histological inflammatory reactions. These results suggest that EA could be a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of AD by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways.

Carpesium macrocephalum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages by Regulating the NF-κB/IκB-α, Akt, and STAT Signaling Pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 927-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushruta Koppula ◽  
Wan-Jae Kim ◽  
Jun Jiang ◽  
Do-Wan Shim ◽  
Na-Hyun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Carpesium macrocephalum (CM) Fr. et Sav. (Compositae) has been used in Chinese folk medicine as an analgesic, hemostatic, antipyretic, and to suppress inflammatory conditions. In the present study we aimed to provide scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of CM extract and evaluate the intrinsic mechanisms involved in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In in vitro findings, CM significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated release of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent fashion. The attenuation of inflammatory responses in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells by CM was closely associated with the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, IκB-α degradation, and phosphorylation of Akt. CM treatment also attenuated the phosphorylation of STAT through TRIF dependent pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo studies revealed that CM extract concentration dependently suppressed the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. Considering the data obtained regulation of multiple signaling mechanisms involving TRIF and Akt/NF-κB pathways might be responsible for the potent anti-inflammatory action of CM, substantiating its traditional use in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Metformin alters signaling induced crosstalk and homeostasis in the carcinogenesis paradigm “Epistemology of the origin of cancer”

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Björn L.D.M. Brücher ◽  
Ijaz S. Jamall
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The anti-hyperglycemic drug, Metformin, is effective in treating early stages of diabetes and has been associated with a 37% decrease in cancer incidence. While the precise mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of Metformin remain to be elucidated, this review shows the multiplicity of its effects on interdicting signaling and crosstalk, anti-inflammatory effects and in restoring homeostasis, which, taken together, go beyond its well-known anti-hyperglycemic effect that serves as the basis for its use in type 2 diabetes. Metformin is much more than a one-trick pony. The recent discovery of several signaling pathways influenced by Metformin appears to have potential value in cancer therapy. Based on what we know at present, Metformin promotes beneficial effects attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects largely demonstrated in vitro. Metformin activates or upregulates while it simultaneously inhibits or downregulates multiple signaling pathways of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanied by oxidative stress, which are in accordance with the 6-step sequence of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo studies in laboratory animals and in cancer patients are beginning to address the magnitude of the anti-cancer effects and delineate its anti-cancer effects. In this context, results from prior pancreatic and non-pancreatic cancer trials, which contained a significant proportion of the patient population treated with Metformin, will have to be reexamined in light of the observed anti-cancerous effects to gain additional insights. The detailed exploration of Metformin in the context of the “Disruption of signaling homeostasis induced crosstalk in the carcinogenesis paradigm Epistemology of the origin of cancer” can provide helpful insights into the anti-proliferative mechanisms and could play a relevant role in anti-cancer therapy in the future.

scholarly journals Bergamottin alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inducing SIRT1 and suppressing NF-κB

2021 ◽  
pp. 175342592110625
Author(s):  
Ning An ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Mei-xia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pre Treatment

Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with a high mortality due to inflammatory cell infiltration and lung edema. The development of ALI commonly involves the activation of NF-κB. Since bergamottin is a natural furanocoumarin showing the ability to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, in this study we aimed to determine the effect of bergamottin on ALI. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were pre-treated with bergamottin and then stimulated with LPS. Macrophage inflammatory responses were examined. Bergamottin (50 mg/kg body mass) was intraperitoneally administrated to mice 12 h before injection of LPS, and the effect of bergamottin on LPS-induced ALI was evaluated. Our results showed that LPS exposure led to increased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which was impaired by bergamottin pre-treatment. In vivo studies confirmed that bergamottin pre-treatment suppressed LPS-induced lung inflammation and edema and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Mechanistically, bergamottin blocked LPS-induced activation of NF-κB signaling in lung tissues. Additionally, bergamottin treatment reduced NF-κB p65 protein acetylation, which was coupled with induction of SIRT1 expression. In conclusion, our results reveal the anti-inflammatory property of bergamottin in preventing ALI. Induction of SIRT1 and inhibition of NF-κB underlies the anti-inflammatory activity of bergamottin.

Effects of Ellagic Acid upon the Rabbit Fibrinolytic System

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-071
Author(s):  
S. G Iatridis ◽  
P. G Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Site Of Action

SummaryThe present investigation deals with in vivo studies of possible relations of active Hageman factor (HFa) to the problems of thrombolysis. The study is based upon animal experimentation in which 40 normal, 5 dicumarolized and 5 heparinized rabbits each received ellagic acid (Elac 10-2 M) by intravenous continuous infusion at a rate of 1 ml/min for a period of 25 min. The data suggest that the Elac infusion induced in vivo activation of HF. Streptokinase (SK) injection 25 min from the start of Elac i. v. infusion failed to induce clot lysis in blood drawn one min after its injection. The phenomenon was more prominent with low (SK 250 U or 500 U) concentrations of SK. With higher concentrations, SK-induced clot lysis activity was not affected by Elac infusion.In dicumarolized and heparinized rabbits Elac infusion still counteracted the fibrinolysis activating effect of low concentration of SK. The possibility that the above described phenomenon was due to either hypercoagulability or to a non-specific inhibitory effect of Elac upon SK was explored and excluded.It is concluded that HFa and SK have the same site of action. Thus it seems that HFa may block the precursor upon which SK acts by forming a complex with it. It is stressed that activation of this precursor by HFa requires a suitable surface.

Development, Pre-clinical Investigation and Histopathological Evaluation of Metronidazole Loaded Topical Formulation for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Sheetu Wadhwa ◽  
Ashana Puri
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Ex Vivo Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with beneficial therapeutic properties. The hydrophilic nature of molecule limits its penetration across the skin. Existing commercial formulations have limitations of inadequate drug concentration present at target site, which requires frequent administration and poor patient compliance. Objective: The aim of current study was to develop and evaluate water in oil microemulsion of Metronidazole with higher skin retention for treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Methods: Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were used in order to select the appropriate ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant and identify the microemulsion area. The selected formulation consisted of Capmul MCM as oil, Tween 20 and Span 20 as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, and water. The formulation was characterized and evaluated for stability, Ex vivo permeation studies and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect (carrageenan induced rat paw edema, air pouch model), anti-psoriatic activity (mouse-tail test). Results: The particle size analyses revealed average diameter and polydispersity index of selected formulation to be 16 nm and 0.373, respectively. The results of ex vivo permeation studies showed statistically higher mean cumulative amount of MTZ retained in rat skin from microemulsion i.e. 21.90 ± 1.92 μg/cm2 which was 6.65 times higher as compared to Marketed gel (Metrogyl gel®) with 3.29 ± 0.11 μg/cm2 (p<0.05). The results of in vivo studies suggested the microemulsion based formulation of MTZ to be similar in efficacy to Metrogyl gel®. Conclusion: Research suggests efficacy of the developed MTZ loaded microemulsion in treatment of chronic skin inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Lightening Effect of Skin Lightening Cream Containing Piper betle L. Extract in Human Volunteers

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Sharifah Shakirah Syed Omar ◽  
Hazrina Hadi ◽  
Nadzira Mohd Hanif ◽  
Hawa Mas Azmar Ahmad ◽  
Shiow-Fern Ng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Melanin Content ◽  
Skin Lightening

Hyperpigmentation affects people globally with negative psychological impacts. Piper betle L. leaf (PBL) extract has many benefits including skin lightening which may reduce hyperpigmentation. The objective of this study was to develop an effective skin-lightening cream containing PBL with ideal characteristics. A formulation of base cream and PBL cream was prepared and characterized by centrifugation, particle size and zeta potential analysis, rheological profile studies and physical properties’ observation. In vivo studies on 30 human subjects tested the effects of base and PBL cream on skin-lightening, hydration, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and elasticity through weekly tests 4 weeks in duration. Base and PBL creams had a non-Newtonian property with acceptable color, odor, texture, zeta potential, particle size and showed no phase separation. The in vivo study indicated a significant reduction in melanin content and an improvement in skin tone for PBL cream but not in base cream. TEWL and elasticity also showed significant reduction for both formulations, indicating a healthier skin barrier and supple skin with consistent use, although hydration fluctuated with no significant changes. The developed PBL cream showed significant results in the reduction in melanin content and improving skin tone, which shows the formulation can confer skin-lightening effect.

scholarly journals Skin Immunomodulation during Regeneration: Emerging New Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Loubna Mazini ◽  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Yousra Hamdan ◽  
Gabriel Malka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Skin Function ◽  
Epidermal Regeneration

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) are present within the hypodermis and are also expected to play a pivotal role in wound healing, immunomodulation, and rejuvenation activities. They orchestrate, through their exosome, the mechanisms associated to cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell migration by upregulating genes implicated in different functions including skin barrier, immunomodulation, cell proliferation, and epidermal regeneration. ADSCs directly interact with their microenvironment and specifically the immune cells, including macrophages and T and B cells, resulting in differential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impacting, in return, ADSCs microenvironment and thus skin function. These useful features of ADSCs are involved in tissue repair, where the required cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses should occur rapidly in damaged sites. Different pathways involved have been reported such as Growth Differentiation Factor-11 (GDF11), Tumor Growth Factor (TGF)-β, Metalloproteinase (MMP), microRNA, and inflammatory cytokines that might serve as specific biomarkers of their immunomodulating capacity. In this review, we try to highlight ADSCs’ network and explore the potential indicators of their immunomodulatory effect in skin regeneration and aging. Assessment of these biomarkers might be useful and should be considered when designing new clinical therapies using ADSCs or their specific exosomes focusing on their immunomodulation activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of KMUP-1 and in Vivo Analysis of Its Therapeutic Potential in Osteoarthritis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Shang-En Huang ◽  
Erna Sulistyowati ◽  
Yu-Ying Chao ◽  
Bin-Nan Wu ◽  
Zen-Kong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthropathy that is mainly characterized by dysregulation of inflammatory responses. KMUP-1, a derived chemical synthetic of xanthine, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here, we aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo anti-osteoarthritis effects of KMUP-1. Protein and gene expressions of inflammation markers were determined by ELISA, Western blotting and microarray, respectively. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were cultured and pretreated with KMUP-1 (1, 5, 10 μM). The productions of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP- 9 were reduced by KMUP-1 pretreatment in LPS-induced inflammation of RAW264.7 cells. The expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also inhibited by KMUP-1 pretreatment. The gene expression levels of TNF and COX families were also downregulated. In addition, KMUP-1 suppressed the activations of ERK, JNK and p38 as well as phosphorylation of IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor attenuated the inhibitory effect of KMUP-1 in LPS-induced NF-κB activation. In vivo study showed that KMUP-1 reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced rats OA. Additionally, KMUP-1 pretreatment reduced the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in MIA-injected rats. Moreover, macroscopic and histological observation showed that KMUP-1 reduced articular cartilage erosion in rats. Our results demonstrated that KMUP-1 inhibited the inflammatory responses and restored SIRT1 in vitro, alleviated joint-related pain and cartilage destruction in vivo. Taken together, KMUP-1 has the potential to improve MIA-induced articular cartilage degradation by inhibiting the levels and expression of inflammatory mediators suggesting that KMUP-1 might be a potential therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Tarek Benameur ◽  
Raffaella Soleti ◽  
Chiara Porro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation

Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathological condition of numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many others. Neuroinflammation is characterized by the microglia activation and concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an increasing neuronal cell death. The decreased neuroinflammation could be obtained by using natural compounds, including flavonoids known to modulate the inflammatory responses. Among flavonoids, quercetin possess multiple pharmacological applications including anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antiapoptotic and anti-thrombotic activities, widely demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we describe the recent findings about the neuroprotective action of quercetin by acting with different mechanisms on the microglial cells of CNS. The ability of quercetin to influence microRNA expression represents an interesting skill in the regulation of inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and immune responses. Moreover, in order to enhance quercetin bioavailability and capacity to target the brain, we discuss an innovative drug delivery system. In summary, this review highlighted an important application of quercetin in the modulation of neuroinflammation and prevention of neurological disorders.

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