scholarly journals De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Riccardo Russo ◽  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Marco Caruso ◽  
Carmen Arlotta ◽  
Silvia Di Silvestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
De Novo Transcriptome ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Mal Secco

Mal secco is one of the most severe diseases of citrus, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. With the main aim of identifying candidate genes involved in the response of citrus plants to “Mal secco”, we performed a de novo transcriptome analysis of rough lemon seedlings subjected to inoculation of P. tracheiphilus. The analysis of differential expressed genes (DEGs) highlighted a sharp response triggered by the pathogen as a total of 4986 significant DEGs (2865 genes up-regulated and 2121 down-regulated) have been revealed. The analysis of the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways indicated that a crucial role is played by genes involved in “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, and “Carbon metabolism”. The main findings of this work are that under fungus challenge, the rough lemon genes involved both in the light harvesting and the photosynthetic electron flow were significantly down-regulated, thus probably inducing a shortage of energy for cellular functions. Moreover, the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was activated through the induced salicylic acid cascade. Interestingly, RPM1 interacting protein 4, an essential positive regulator of plant defense, and BIR2, which is a negative regulator of basal level of immunity, have been identified thus representing useful targets for molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Identification and Cloning of a Negative Regulator of Systemic Acquired Resistance, SNI1, through a Screen for Suppressors of npr1-1

Cell ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuelin Zhang ◽  
Joseph D Clarke ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xinnian Dong
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Negative Regulator

scholarly journals Dehydroabietinal promotes flowering time and plant defense in Arabidopsis via the autonomous pathway genes FLOWERING LOCUS D, FVE, and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4903-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Chowdhury ◽  
Devasantosh Mohanty ◽  
Mrunmay K Giri ◽  
Barney J Venables ◽  
Ratnesh Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Autonomous Pathway ◽  
Abietane Diterpenoids ◽  
Flowering Locus

Abstract Abietane diterpenoids are tricyclic diterpenes whose biological functions in angiosperms are largely unknown. Here, we show that dehydroabietinal (DA) fosters transition from the vegetative phase to reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting flowering time. DA’s promotion of flowering time was mediated through up-regulation of the autonomous pathway genes FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), and FVE, which repress expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a negative regulator of the key floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Our results further indicate that FLD, REF6, and FVE are also required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an inducible defense mechanism that is also activated by DA. However, unlike flowering time, FT was not required for DA-induced SAR. Conversely, salicylic acid, which is essential for the manifestation of SAR, was not required for the DA-promoted flowering time. Thus, although the autonomous pathway genes FLD, REF6, and FVE are involved in SAR and flowering time, these biological processes are not interdependent. We suggest that SAR and flowering time signaling pathways bifurcate at a step downstream of FLD, REF6, and FVE, with an FLC-dependent arm controlling flowering time, and an FLC-independent pathway controlling SAR.

scholarly journals Polyphenol oxidase and lysozyme mediate induction of systemic resistance in tomato, when a bioelicitor is used

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navodit Goel ◽  
Prabir Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Protection Method

Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is attacked by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causing heavy damage to the crops. The present study focused on the application of aqueous fruit extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) on a single node of aseptically raised tomato plants. Observations were done, and the changes in the activity and isoenzyme profile of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lysozyme, both at the site of treatment as well as away from it, were noted. The results demonstrate that neem extract could significantly induce the activities of both the enzymes as well as upregulate the de novo expression of additional PPO isoenzymes. Induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by natural plant extracts is a potent eco-friendly crop protection method.

scholarly journals Phytosphingosine induces systemic acquired resistance through activation of sphingosine kinase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeon Seo ◽  
Yu Jung Kim ◽  
Myung Hee Nam ◽  
Ky Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis

AbstractPhytosphingosine (PHS) is a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid molecule. Intermediates such as sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) in sphingolipid biosynthesis have been shown to have important roles as signaling molecules. In this study, exogenous addition of PHS caused rapid induction of transcripts responsible for transient synthesis of LCBs, reactive oxygen species, and ethylene. These events were followed by the induction of sphingolipid kinase (SphK), which metabolized PHS to phytosphingosine-1-phosphate in an biphasic manner. PHS alleviated not only pathogen-induced cell damage but also reduced the growth of virulent pathogens in the entire upper part of the PHS-treated plant stem during the necrotic stage after inoculation, suggesting the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and plant immunity. Moreover, PHS treatment up-regulated the transcription and activity of SphK, accompanied by prominent increases in the transcription levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (LCB1 and LCB2) for de novo synthesis of sphingolipids, as well as ROS-detoxifying enzymes and PR proteins at 48 h after virulent pathogen infection. The impairment of ROS production at this time is more beneficial for the activation of SphK and inhibition of pathogenicity during the necrotic stage of hemibiotrophic infection, indicating that necrotic cell death at the late stage is regulated by ROS-independent SphK. Phosphorylated LCBs significantly reduced pathogen-induced cell damage. These observations suggest that selective channeling of sphingolipids into phosphorylated forms in a time-dependent manner has a pro-survival effect by promoting SAR in plant immunity.4.One Sentence SummarySelective gene expression in sphingolipid biosynthesis and channeling into their phosphorylated forms are significant determinants of their roles as pro-survival signaling molecules.

HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 suppresses salicylic acid biosynthesis to repress autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjiang Wu ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Ye Jin ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Huazhong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 6 ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role for plant immunity, especially resistance against biotrophic pathogens. SA quickly accumulates after pathogen attack to activate downstream immunity events and is normally associated with a tradeoff in plant growth. Therefore, the SA level in plants has to be strictly controlled when pathogens are absent, but how this occurs is not well understood. Previously we found that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), a negative regulator of gene expression, plays an essential role in plant immunity since its mutation allele shining 5 (shi5) exhibits autoimmune phenotypes. Here we report that this role is mainly through suppression of SA biosynthesis: first, the autoimmune phenotypes and higher resistance to Pst DC3000 of shi5 mutants depended on SA; second, SA significantly accumulated in shi5 mutants; third, HDA6 repressed SA biosynthesis by directly controlling the expression of CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60g (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1). HDA6 bound to the chromatin of CBP60g and SARD1 promoter regions, and histone H3 acetylation was highly enriched within these regions. Furthermore, the transcriptome of shi5 mutants mimicked that of plants treated with exogenous SA or attacked by pathogens. All these data suggest that HDA6 is vital for plants in finely controlling the SA level to regulate plant immunity.

scholarly journals Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4-Regulated Metabolic Networks

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Chuwei Lin ◽  
Aneirin Alan Lott ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Craig P. Dufresne ◽  
Sixue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) was first identified as a negative regulator of systemic acquired resistance. It is also an important kinase involved in many other biological processes in plants, including cytokinesis, reproduction, and photosynthesis. Arabidopsis thaliana mpk4 mutant is dwarf and sterile. Previous omics studies including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have revealed new functions of MPK4 in different biological processes. However, due to challenges in metabolomics, no study has touched upon the metabolomic profiles of the mpk4 mutant. What metabolites and metabolic pathways are potentially regulated by MPK4 are not known. Metabolites are crucial components of plants, and they play important roles in plant growth and development, signaling, and defense. Here we used targeted and untargeted metabolomics to profile metabolites in the wild type and the mpk4 mutant. We found that in addition to the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways, MPK4 is involved in polyamine synthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, we also conducted label-free proteomics of the two genotypes. The integration of metabolomics and proteomics data allows for an insight into the metabolomic networks that are potentially regulated by MPK4.

Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yoshioka ◽  
Hideo Nakashita ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig ◽  
Isamu Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance
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