scholarly journals Reduced Graphene Oxides Modulate the Expression of Cell Receptors and Voltage-Dependent Ion Channel Genes of Glioblastoma Multiforme

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Szczepaniak ◽  
Joanna Jagiello ◽  
Mateusz Wierzbicki ◽  
Dorota Nowak ◽  
Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Voltage Dependent

The development of nanotechnology based on graphene and its derivatives has aroused great scientific interest because of their unusual properties. Graphene (GN) and its derivatives, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), exhibit antitumor effects on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro. The antitumor activity of rGO with different contents of oxygen-containing functional groups and GN was compared. Using FTIR (fourier transform infrared) analysis, the content of individual functional groups (GN/exfoliation (ExF), rGO/thermal (Term), rGO/ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), and rGO/ thiourea dioxide (TUD)) was determined. Cell membrane damage, as well as changes in the cell membrane potential, was analyzed. Additionally, the gene expression of voltage-dependent ion channels (clcn3, clcn6, cacna1b, cacna1d, nalcn, kcne4, kcnj10, and kcnb1) and extracellular receptors was determined. A reduction in the potential of the U87 glioma cell membrane was observed after treatment with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. Moreover, it was also demonstrated that major changes in the expression of voltage-dependent ion channel genes were observed in clcn3, nalcn, and kcne4 after treatment with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. Furthermore, the GN/ExF, rGO/ATS, and rGO/TUD flakes significantly reduced the expression of extracellular receptors (uPar, CD105) in U87 glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, the cytotoxic mechanism of rGO flakes may depend on the presence and types of oxygen-containing functional groups, which are more abundant in rGO compared to GN.

scholarly journals Facile sonochemical-assisted synthesis of orthorhombic phase black phosphorus/rGO hybrids for effective photothermal therapy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3023-3034
Author(s):  
Weiyuan Liang ◽  
Dou Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Ren ◽  
Chenchen Ge ◽  
Hanyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Reduced Graphene

AbstractTwo-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has been demonstrated to be promising in photoelectronic devices, electrode materials, and biomedicine owing to its outstanding properties. However, the application of BP has been hindered by harsh preparation conditions, high costs, and easy degradation in ambient condition. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesis of orthorhombic phase BP and a kind of BP-reduced graphene oxide (BP/rGO) hybrids in which BP remains stable for more than 4 weeks ascribed to the formation of phosphorus-carbon covalent bonds between BP and rGO as well as the protection effect of the unique wrinkle morphology of rGO nanosheets. Surface modification BP/rGO hybrids (PEGylated BP/rGO) exhibit excellent photothermal performance with photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 57.79% at 808 nm. The BP/rGO hybrids exhibit enhanced antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, showing promising perspectives in biomedicine.

Enhanced 1T phase promotes sodium storage performances of MoS2 flower-like spheres with embedded reduced graphene oxides

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 122027
Author(s):  
Xianglin Yu ◽  
Ruixue Li ◽  
Xinyu Hu ◽  
Ren He ◽  
Kehui Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxides ◽  
Sodium Storage

scholarly journals RGD4C peptide mediates anti-p21Ras scFv entry into tumor cells and produces an inhibitory effect on the human colon cancer cell line SW480

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chen Huang ◽  
Fang-Rui Liu ◽  
Qiang Feng ◽  
Xin-Yan Pan ◽  
Shu-Ling Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Sw480 Cells

Abstract Background We prepared an anti-p21Ras scFv which could specifically bind with mutant and wild-type p21Ras. However, it cannot penetrate the cell membrane, which prevents it from binding to p21Ras in the cytoplasm. Here, the RGD4C peptide was used to mediate the scFv penetration into tumor cells and produce antitumor effects. Methods RGD4C-EGFP and RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv recombinant expression plasmids were constructed to express fusion proteins in E. coli, then the fusion proteins were purified with HisPur Ni-NTA. RGD4C-EGFP was used as reporter to test the factors affecting RGD4C penetration into tumor cell. The immunoreactivity of RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv toward p21Ras was identified by ELISA and western blotting. The ability of RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv to penetrate SW480 cells and colocalization with Ras protein was detected by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The antitumor activity of the RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv was assessed with the MTT, TUNEL, colony formation and cell migration assays. Chloroquine (CQ) was used an endosomal escape enhancing agent to enhance endosomal escape of RGD4C-scFv. Results RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv fusion protein were successfully expressed and purified. We found that the RGD4C fusion protein could penetrate into tumor cells, but the tumor cell entry of was time and concentration dependent. Endocytosis inhibitors and a low temperature inhibited RGD4C fusion protein endocytosis into cells. The change of the cell membrane potential did not affect penetrability. RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv could penetrate SW480 cells, effectively inhibit the growth, proliferation and migration of SW480 cells and promote this cells apoptosis. In addition, chloroquine (CQ) could increase endosomal escape and improve antitumor activity of RGD4C-scFv in SW480 cells. Conclusion The RGD4C peptide can mediate anti-p21Ras scFv entry into SW480 cells and produce an inhibitory effect, which indicates that RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv may be a potential therapeutic antibody for the treatment of ras-driven cancers.

scholarly journals Efficient Chitosan/Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for Direct Alkaline Ethanol Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selestina Gorgieva ◽  
Azra Osmić ◽  
Silvo Hribernik ◽  
Mojca Božič ◽  
Jurij Svete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Doped Graphene

Herein, we prepared a series of nanocomposite membranes based on chitosan (CS) and three compositionally and structurally different N-doped graphene derivatives. Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi 1D N-doped reduced graphene oxides (N-rGO) and nanoribbons (N-rGONRs), as well as 3D porous N-doped graphitic polyenaminone particles (N-pEAO), were synthesized and characterized fully to confirm their graphitic structure, morphology, and nitrogen (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and quaternary or graphitic) group contents. The largest (0.07%) loading of N-doped graphene derivatives impacted the morphology of the CS membrane significantly, reducing the crystallinity, tensile properties, and the KOH uptake, and increasing (by almost 10-fold) the ethanol permeability. Within direct alkaline ethanol test cells, it was found that CS/N rGONRs (0.07 %) membrane (Pmax. = 3.7 mWcm−2) outperformed the pristine CS membrane significantly (Pmax. = 2.2 mWcm−2), suggesting the potential of the newly proposed membranes for application in direct ethanol fuel cells.

scholarly journals Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Thin Films for Ultrahigh CO2 Gas Sensing Performance at Room Temperature

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Monika Gupta ◽  
Huzein Fahmi Hawari ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Zainal Arif Burhanudin ◽  
Nelson Tansu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Response And Recovery

The demand for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection is increasing nowadays. However, its fast detection at room temperature (RT) is a major challenge. Graphene is found to be the most promising sensing material for RT detection, owing to its high surface area and electrical conductivity. In this work, we report a highly edge functionalized chemically synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films to achieve fast sensing response for CO2 gas at room temperature. The high amount of edge functional groups is prominent for the sorption of CO2 molecules. Initially, rGO is synthesized by reduction of GO using ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent. Three different concentrations of rGO are prepared using three AA concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg) to optimize the material properties such as functional groups and conductivity. Thin films of three different AA reduced rGO suspensions (AArGO25, AArGO50, AArGO100) are developed and later analyzed using standard FTIR, XRD, Raman, XPS, TEM, SEM, and four-point probe measurement techniques. We find that the highest edge functionality is achieved by the AArGO25 sample with a conductivity of ~1389 S/cm. The functionalized AArGO25 gas sensor shows recordable high sensing properties (response and recovery time) with good repeatability for CO2 at room temperature at 500 ppm and 50 ppm. Short response and recovery time of ~26 s and ~10 s, respectively, are achieved for 500 ppm CO2 gas with the sensitivity of ~50 Hz/µg. We believe that a highly functionalized AArGO CO2 gas sensor could be applicable for enhanced oil recovery, industrial and domestic safety applications.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reduced Graphene Oxides by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Capacitance

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Koinuma ◽  
Hikaru Tateishi ◽  
Kazuto Hatakeyama ◽  
Shinsuke Miyamoto ◽  
Chikako Ogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxides

scholarly journals Effects of the cationic protein poly-L-arginine on airway epithelial cellsin vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Shahana ◽  
Caroline Kampf ◽  
Godfried M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: Allergic asthma is associated with an increased number of eosinophils in the airway wall. Eosinophils secrete cationic proteins, particularly major basic protein (MBP).Aim: To investigate the effect of synthetic cationic polypeptides such as poly-L-arginine, which can mimic the effect of MBP, on airway epithelial cells.Methods: Cultured airway epithelial cells were exposed to poly-L-arginine, and effects were determined by light and electron microscopy.Results: Poly-L-arginine induced apoptosis and necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial damage and changes in the nucleus. The tight junctions were damaged, as evidenced by penetration of lanthanum. Scanning electron microscopy showed a damaged cell membrane with many pores. Microanalysis showed a significant decrease in the cellular content of magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chlorine, and an increase in calcium. Plakoglobin immunoreactivity in the cell membrane was decreased, indicating a decrease in the number of desmosomes.Conclusions: The results point to poly-L-arginine induced membrane damage, resulting in increased permeability, loss of cell-cell contacts and generalized cell damage.

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