scholarly journals Mechanisms of Reciprocal Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Producing and Immune Systems: The Role of GnRH, Cytokines and Their Receptors in Early Ontogenesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Liudmila Zakharova ◽  
Viktoria Sharova ◽  
Marina Izvolskaia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Central Organ

Different aspects of the reciprocal regulatory influence on the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing- and immune systems in the perinatal ontogenesis and their functioning in adults in normal and pathological conditions are discussed. The influence of GnRH on the development of the immune system, on the one hand, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, on the other hand, and their functioning in adult offspring are analyzed. We have focused on the effects of GnRH on the formation and functional activity of the thymus, as the central organ of the immune system, in the perinatal period. The main mechanisms of reciprocal regulation of these systems are discussed. The reproductive health of an individual is programmed by the establishment and development of physiological systems during critical periods. Regulatory epigenetic mechanisms of development are not strictly genetically controlled. These processes are characterized by a high sensitivity to various regulatory factors, which provides possible corrections for disorders.

scholarly journals Superovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger differentially alter essential angiogenic factors in the endometrium in a mouse ART model†

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1133
Author(s):  
Thalia R Segal ◽  
Peyvand Amini ◽  
Junye Wang ◽  
Gregory Peters ◽  
Yelenna Skomorovska-Prokvolit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hcg Trigger

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are used as an alternative to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to trigger ovulation and decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. GnRHa is less potent at inducing ovarian vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but may also affect endometrial angiogenesis and early placental development. In this study, we explore the effect of superovulation on endometrial angiogenesis during critical periods of gestation in a mouse model. We assigned female mice to three groups: natural mating or mating following injection with equine chorionic gonadotropin and trigger with GnRHa or hCG trigger. Females were killed prior to implantation (E3.5), post-implantation (E7.5), and at midgestation (E10.5), and maternal serum, uterus, and ovaries were collected. During peri-implantation, endometrial Vegfr1 and Vegfr2 mRNA were significantly increased in the GnRHa trigger group (P < 0.02) relative to the hCG group. Vegfr1 is highly expressed in the endometrial lining and secretory glands immediately prior to implantation. At E7.5, the ectoplacental cone expression of Vegfa and its receptor, Vegfr2, was significantly higher in the hCG trigger group compared to the GnRHa group (P < 0.05). Soluble VEGFR1 and free VEGFA were much higher in the serum of mice exposed to the hCG trigger compared to GnRHa group. At midgestation, there was significantly more local Vegfa expression in the placenta of mice triggered with hCG. GnRHa and hCG triggers differentially disrupt the endometrial expression of key angiogenic factors during critical periods of mouse gestation. These results may have significant implications for placental development and neonatal outcomes following human in vitro fertilization.

186: Neoadjuvant Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Therapy Before Orchiopexy Improves the Fertility Index in Concomitant Testicular Biopsies

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Christian Schwentner ◽  
Andreas Lunacek ◽  
Josef Oswald ◽  
Georg Bartsch ◽  
Alfons Kreczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Fertility Index

Gonadotropin releasing hormone enhances polyphosphoinositid breakdown in rat pituitary gonadotrophs

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S70
Author(s):  
L. KIESEL ◽  
K. BERTGES ◽  
T. RABE ◽  
K. KLINGA ◽  
B. RUNNEBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Rat Pituitary

N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMDA) stimulates gonadotropin secretion in the ovine fetus through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S93-S94
Author(s):  
M. BETTENDORF ◽  
F. DE ZEGHER ◽  
N. ALBERS ◽  
S. L. KAPLAN ◽  
M. M. GRUMBACH
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gnrh Release ◽  
Ovine Fetus

0468 The repeatability of gonadotropin releasing hormone-induced release of luteinizing hormone and its association with fertility in dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
M. Gobikrushanth ◽  
P. A. Dutra ◽  
C. A. Felton ◽  
T. C. Bruinjé ◽  
M. G. Colazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone
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