scholarly journals Exosomes: Cell-Derived Nanoplatforms for the Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hyosuk Kim ◽  
Eun Hye Kim ◽  
Gijung Kwak ◽  
Sung-Gil Chi ◽  
Sun Hwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Strong Stability ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Exosome Biogenesis ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Targeting Ability

Exosomes are cell-secreted nanovesicles that naturally contain biomolecular cargoes such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, enabling the transfer biological signals from the donor cells to the recipient cells. Recently, exosomes are emerging as promising drug delivery vehicles due to their strong stability in blood circulation, high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and natural targeting ability. In particular, exosomes derived from specific types of cells can carry endogenous signaling molecules with therapeutic potential for cancer treatment, thus presenting a significant impact on targeted drug delivery and therapy. Furthermore, exosomes can be engineered to display targeting moieties on their surface or to load additional therapeutic agents. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of exosome biogenesis and the development of efficient exosome engineering techniques will provide new avenues to establish convincing clinical therapeutic strategies based on exosomes. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications of exosomes derived from various cells and the exosome engineering technologies that enable the accurate delivery of various types of cargoes to target cells for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Biodistribution and Pharmacokinectics of Liposomes and Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Sepsis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Amin Mirzaaghasi ◽  
Yunho Han ◽  
So-Hee Ahn ◽  
Chulhee Choi ◽  
Ji-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hek293t Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Diseased State ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock

Exosomes have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery vehicles because their biological properties can be utilized for selective delivery of therapeutic cargoes to disease sites. In this context, analysis of the in vivo behaviors of exosomes in a diseased state is required to maximize their therapeutic potential as drug delivery vehicles. In this study, we investigated biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of HEK293T cell-derived exosomes and PEGylated liposomes, their synthetic counterparts, into healthy and sepsis mice. We found that biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes were significantly affected by pathophysiological conditions of sepsis compared to those of liposomes. In the sepsis mice, a substantial number of exosomes were found in the lung after intravenous injection, and their prolonged blood residence was observed due to the liver dysfunction. However, liposomes did not show such sepsis-specific effects significantly. These results demonstrate that exosome-based therapeutics can be developed to manage sepsis and septic shock by virtue of their sepsis-specific in vivo behaviors.

Therapeutic potential of essential oil based microemulsions: Reviewing state-of-the-art

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashana Puri ◽  
Rajat Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

: A pre-eminent emulsion based micellar drug delivery system, “microemulsion”, comprising of drug in oil or water phase, stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, has been evidenced to have phenomenal role in number of applications. Oils play an important role in formation of ME and increase the drug absorption at the site of action. Oils employed in microemulsion formulation solubilize lipophilic drug. As concept of “natural” therapies is recently gaining importance amongst researchers all over the world, scientists are employing essential oil as an organic component in this system. The active components of essential oils include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes and polyunsaturated of mega-6-fatty acids. These oils are enriched with characteristic intrinsic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, etc. bestows an enhanced supremacy to whole microemulsion system. This mini-review is the first to document various types of essential oils employed in microemulsion systems and highlight their therapeutic potential and applications as drug delivery vehicles. Key inferences from this study suggest: 1) Clove oil is the most explored oil for incorporation into microemulsion based system, followed by peppermint and Tea Tree Oil (TTO). 2) Penetration enhancing effects of these oils is due to the presence of terpenic constituents. 3) Essential oil based microemulsions protect volatility of ethereal oils and protect them from degradation in presence of light, air, temperature. 4) These systems may also be explored for their applications in different industries like aromatherapy, food, drink, fragrance, flavour, cosmeceutical, soap, petroleum and pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials as Protein, Peptide and Gene Delivery Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Guliani ◽  
Amitabha Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Biological Milieu

Background:Nanomaterials offer significant advantages in delivery of different biomolecules which suffer from drawbacks like poor bioavailability, low stability and retention time, degradation in biological systemsetc. Nanotechnological approach has shown promising results for the sustained release of these biomolecules with minimal toxicity concerns. The present review describes a comprehensive outlook of the different nanomaterials used for the delivery of these biomolecules.Methods:Current literature reports related to protein, peptide and gene delivery agents have been reviewed and classified according to their applications.Results:Studies suggested that the nanomaterial based delivery agents can be broadly classified in to five categories which include metallic NPs, polymeric NPs, magnetic NPs, liposomes and micelles. All these materials provided significant improvement in the targeted delivery of biomolecules.Conclusion:Concerns regarding the bioavailability, stability and delivery of proteins, peptides, genes need to be investigated to improve their therapeutic potential in the biological milieu. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles may avoid undesirable hazards and may increase their pharmaceutical efficacy.

scholarly journals Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomes as a Drug Delivery Vehicle for miRNA-Based Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Lorena del Pozo-Acebo ◽  
M-C López de las Hazas ◽  
Joao Tomé-Carneiro ◽  
Paula Gil-Cabrerizo ◽  
Rodrigo San-Cristobal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Extracellular Rna ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a known role as mediators of gene expression in crucial biological processes, which converts them into high potential contenders in the ongoing search for effective therapeutic strategies. However, extracellular RNAs are unstable and rapidly degraded, reducing the possibility of successfully exerting a biological function in distant target cells. Strategies aimed at enhancing the therapeutic potential of miRNAs include the development of efficient, tissue-specific and nonimmunogenic delivery methods. Since miRNAs were discovered to be naturally transported within exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle that confers protection against RNase degradation and increases miRNA stability have been proposed as ideal delivery vehicles for miRNA-based therapy. Although research in this field has grown rapidly in the last few years, a standard, reproducible and cost-effective protocol for exosome isolation and extracellular RNA delivery is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the use of milk-derived extracellular vesicles as vehicles for extracellular RNA drug delivery. With this purpose, exosomes were isolated from raw bovine milk, combining ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) methodology. Isolated exosomes were then loaded with exogenous hsa-miR148a-3p, a highly expressed miRNA in milk exosomes. The suitability of exosomes as delivery vehicles for extracellular RNAs was tested by evaluating the absorption of miR-148a-3p in hepatic (HepG2) and intestinal (Caco-2) cell lines. The potential exertion of a biological effect by miR-148a-3p was assessed by gene expression analysis, using microarrays. Results support that bovine milk is a cost-effective source of exosomes which can be used as nanocarriers of functional miRNAs with a potential use in RNA-based therapy. In addition, we show here that a combination of ultracentrifugation and SEC technics improve exosome enrichment, purity, and integrity for subsequent use.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING: LIPOSOMES AS DRUG DELIVERY VEHICLES WITH THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. V. Rodrigues ◽  
J. L. Amaral ◽  
L. M. Mesquita ◽  
L. M. Andrade ◽  
D. O. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Technological Forecasting ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

scholarly journals The Biological Function and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Cancer: Exosomes as Efficient Nanocommunicators for Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7363
Author(s):  
Jeong Uk Choi ◽  
In-Kyu Park ◽  
Yong-Kyu Lee ◽  
Seung Rim Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Personalized Cancer

Cancer therapeutics must be delivered to their targets for improving efficacy and reducing toxicity, though they encounter physiological barriers in the tumor microenvironment. They also face limitations associated with genetic instability and dynamic changes of surface proteins in cancer cells. Nanosized exosomes generated from the endosomal compartment, however, transfer their cargo to the recipient cells and mediate the intercellular communication, which affects malignancy progression, tumor immunity, and chemoresistance. In this review, we give an overview of exosomes’ biological aspects and therapeutic potential as diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles for oncotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss whether exosomes could contribute to personalized cancer immunotherapy drug design as efficient nanocommunicators.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Endogenous Nanovehicles for Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ana Ortega ◽  
Olga Martinez-Arroyo ◽  
Maria J. Forner ◽  
Raquel Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes, nanometer-sized lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), have attracted increasing attention due to their inherent ability to shuttle proteins, lipids and genes between cells and their natural affinity to target cells. Their intrinsic features such as stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and ability to overcome biological barriers, have prompted interest in using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, especially for gene therapy. Evidence indicates that exosomes play roles in both immune stimulation and tolerance, regulating immune signaling and inflammation. To date, exosome-based nanocarriers delivering small molecule drugs have been developed to treat many prevalent autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the key features of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, such as therapeutic cargo, use of targeting peptide, loading method and administration route with a broad focus. In addition, we outline the current state of evidence in the field of exosome-based drug delivery systems in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), evaluating exosomes derived from various cell types and engineered exosomes.

Dendrimers: General Aspects, Applications and Structural Exploitations as Prodrug/Drug-delivery Vehicles in Current Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merina Mariyam ◽  
Kajal Ghosal ◽  
Sabu Thomas ◽  
Nandakumar Kalarikkal ◽  
Mahima S. Latha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
General Aspects

Novel Phospholipid-Based Labrasol Nanomicelles Loaded Flavonoids for Oral Delivery with Enhanced Penetration and Anti-Brain Tumor Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Rui Guan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Brain

Background: Owing to the rich anticancer properties of flavonoids, there is a need for their incorporation into drug delivery vehicles like nanomicelles for safe delivery of the drug into the brain tumor microenvironment. Objective: This study, therefore, aimed to prepare the phospholipid-based Labrasol/Pluronic F68 modified nano micelles loaded with flavonoids (Nano-flavonoids) for the delivery of the drug to the target brain tumor. Methods: Myricetin, quercetin and fisetin were selected as the initial drugs to evaluate the biodistribution and acute toxicity of the drug delivery vehicles in rats with implanted C6 glioma tumors after oral administration, while the uptake, retention, release in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and the effect on the brain endothelial barrier were investigated in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs). Results: The results demonstrated that nano-flavonoids loaded with myricetin showed more evenly distributed targeting tissues and enhanced anti-tumor efficiency in vivo without significant cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells and alteration in the Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER). There was no pathological evidence of renal, hepatic or other organs dysfunction after the administration of nanoflavonoids, which showed no significant influence on cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, Labrasol/F68-NMs loaded with MYR and quercetin could enhance antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo, which may be better tools for medical therapy, while the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nano-flavonoids may ensure optimal therapeutic benefits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document