scholarly journals Escherichia coli O157:H7 F9 Fimbriae Recognize Plant Xyloglucan and Elicit a Response in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9720
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Holmes ◽  
Yannick Rossez ◽  
Kathryn Mary Wright ◽  
Pete Edward Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli

Fresh produce is often a source of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) outbreaks. Fimbriae are extracellular structures involved in cell-to-cell attachment and surface colonisation. F9 (Fml) fimbriae have been shown to be expressed at temperatures lower than 37 °C, implying a function beyond the mammalian host. We demonstrate that F9 fimbriae recognize plant cell wall hemicellulose, specifically galactosylated side chains of xyloglucan, using glycan arrays. E. coli expressing F9 fimbriae had a positive advantage for adherence to spinach hemicellulose extract and tissues, which have galactosylated oligosaccharides as recognized by LM24 and LM25 antibodies. As fimbriae are multimeric structures with a molecular pattern, we investigated whether F9 fimbriae could induce a transcriptional response in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, compared with flagella and another fimbrial type, E. coli common pilus (ECP), using DNA microarrays. F9 induced the differential expression of 435 genes, including genes involved in the plant defence response. The expression of F9 at environmentally relevant temperatures and its recognition of plant xyloglucan adds to the suite of adhesins EHEC has available to exploit the plant niche.

scholarly journals Preparation of Sticky Escherichia coli through Surface Display of an Adhesive Catecholamine Moiety

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Park ◽  
Min-Jung Choi ◽  
Se Hun Kim ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Haeshin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Surface Display ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Mussel Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Proteins

ABSTRACTMussels attach to virtually all types of inorganic and organic surfaces in aqueous environments, and catecholamines composed of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA), lysine, and histidine in mussel adhesive proteins play a key role in the robust adhesion. DOPA is an unusual catecholic amino acid, and its side chain is called catechol. In this study, we displayed the adhesive moiety of DOPA-histidine onEscherichia colisurfaces using outer membrane protein W as an anchoring motif for the first time. Localization of catecholamines on the cell surface was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, cell-to-cell cohesion (i.e., cellular aggregation) induced by the displayed catecholamine and synthesis of gold nanoparticles on the cell surface support functional display of adhesive catecholamines. The engineeredE. coliexhibited significant adhesion onto various material surfaces, including silica and glass microparticles, gold, titanium, silicon, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(urethane), and poly(dimethylsiloxane). The uniqueness of this approach utilizing the engineered stickyE. coliis that no chemistry for cell attachment are necessary, and the ability of spontaneousE. coliattachment allows one to immobilize the cells on challenging material surfaces such as synthetic polymers. Therefore, we envision that mussel-inspired catecholamine yielded stickyE. colithat can be used as a new type of engineered microbe for various emerging fields, such as whole living cell attachment on versatile material surfaces, cell-to-cell communication systems, and many others.

scholarly journals Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana with Salmonella enterica and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Competition by Enterobacter asburiae

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4915-4926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Cooley ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Robert E. Mandrell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Enterobacter Asburiae

ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7, have been shown to contaminate fresh produce. Under appropriate conditions, these bacteria will grow on and invade the plant tissue. We have developed Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) as a model system with the intention of studying plant responses to human pathogens. Under sterile conditions and at 100% humidity, S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 grew to 109 CFU g−1 on A. thaliana roots and to 2 × 107 CFU g−1 on shoots. Furthermore, root inoculation led to contamination of the entire plant, indicating that the pathogens are capable of moving on or within the plant in the absence of competition. Inoculation with green fluorescent protein-labeled S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 showed invasion of the roots at lateral root junctions. Movement was eliminated and invasion decreased when nonmotile mutants of S. enterica were used. Survival of S. enterica serovar Newport and E. coli O157:H7 on soil-grown plants declined as the plants matured, but both pathogens were detectable for at least 21 days. Survival of the pathogen was reduced in unautoclaved soil and amended soil, suggesting competition from indigenous epiphytes from the soil. Enterobacter asburiae was isolated from soil-grown A. thaliana and shown to be effective at suppressing epiphytic growth of both pathogens under gnotobiotic conditions. Seed and chaff harvested from contaminated plants were occasionally contaminated. The rate of recovery of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 from seed varied from undetectable to 19% of the seed pools tested, depending on the method of inoculation. Seed contamination by these pathogens was undetectable in the presence of the competitor, Enterobacter asburiae. Sampling of 74 pools of chaff indicated a strong correlation between contamination of the chaff and seed (P = 0.025). This suggested that contamination of the seed occurred directly from contaminated chaff or by invasion of the flower or silique. However, contaminated seeds were not sanitized by extensive washing and chlorine treatment, indicating that some of the bacteria reside in a protected niche on the seed surface or under the seed coat.

scholarly journals Stationary-Phase Regulation of RpoS Translation in Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (21) ◽  
pp. 7204-7213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hirsch ◽  
Thomas Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phase Regulation ◽  
Shine Dalgarno Sequence ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

ABSTRACT In enteric bacteria, adaptation to a number of different stresses is mediated by the RpoS protein, one of several sigma factors that collectively allow a tailored transcriptional response to environmental cues. Stress stimuli including low temperature, osmotic shock, nutrient limitation, and growth to stationary phase (SP) all result in a substantial increase in RpoS abundance and activity. The mechanism of regulation depends on the specific signal but may occur at the level of transcription, translation, protein activity, or targeted proteolysis. In both Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, SP induction of RpoS in rich medium is >30 fold and includes effects on both transcription and translation. Recently, we found that SP control of rpoS transcription in S. enterica involves repression of the major rpoS promoter during exponential phase by the global transcription factor Fis. Working primarily with E. coli, we now show that 24 nucleotides of the rpoS ribosome-binding site (RBS) are necessary and sufficient for a large part of the increase in rpoS translation as cells grow to SP. Genetic evidence points to an essential role for the leader nucleotides just upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence but is conflicted on the question of whether sequence or structure is important. SP regulation of rpoS is conserved between E. coli and S. enterica. When combined with an fis mutation to block transcriptional effects, replacement of the rpoS RBS sequence by the lacZ RBS eliminates nearly all SP induction of RpoS.

Utilization of chymotrypsin as a sole carbon and (or) nitrogen source by Escherichia coli

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Brecher ◽  
Timothy A. Moehlman ◽  
William D. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients

α-Chymotrypsin serves as a sole carbon source, sole nitrogen source, and as sole carbon plus nitrogen source for wild-type Escherichia coli in a totally defined medium. Hence, a mammalian host for E. coli may supply the necessary carbon and nitrogen nutrients for the microorganism. Growth is most rapid when chymotrypsin is a sole nitrogen source,and least rapid with chymotrypsin as a carbon source. The approximate doubling times for E. coli utilizing chymotrypsin as a nitrogen source, carbon plus nitrogen source, and carbon source are 1.6, 4.6, and 11.3 h, respectively. The activity of the residual enzyme in the culture supernates falls off asymptotically over the course of time, as followed by cleavage of glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. Chymotrypsin hydrolyzes succinyl-L-ala-L-ala-L-ala-p-nitroanilide, the elastase substrate, to some extent. Peptidases do not appear to be secreted that hydrolyze such model substrates as benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide, the tryptic and cathepsin B substrate, L-leucine-p-nitroanilide, the leucine aminopeptidase substrate, or L-lysine-p-nitroanilide, the aminopeptidase B substrate. Growth of E. coli is generally directly related to the loss of chymotryptic activity in the medium. Hence, autolysis of chymotrypsin, i.e., self-degradation, is an important factor for the availability of degradation products of the enzyme to the bacterium for growth purposes. Accordingly, the degradation of a host protein by autolysis presents an opportunity for E. coli to survive during periods of host nutritional crisis by utilization of the degradation peptides that are produced during autolysis. Key words: chymotrypsin, Escherichia coli, growth, nutrition, peptide source.

scholarly journals Transfer characteristics of two resistance determinants in a wild strain of Klebsiella aerogenes (V9A)

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. R. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Klebsiella Aerogenes ◽  
Sex Factors ◽  
Chromosomal Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Plasmid F

SUMMARYKlebsiella aerogenes strain V9A carries determinants AK and TK, giving resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, and a plasmid FKlac, but no active sex factor. F− and I-type sex factors were able to transfer TK from V9A to Escherichia coli K12 and between strains of K12, and TK behaved as a separate plasmid with its own replicon. AK could not be transferred, except possibly by a sex factor carrying its own A determinant, but the evidence for such transfer was inconclusive. It is suggested that AK is either a chromosomal gene or is in a plasmid with a cell attachment in Klebsiella not represented in E. coli K12. AK produces a β-lactamase.

scholarly journals New insights into the adaptive transcriptional response to nitrogen starvation in Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Switzer ◽  
Daniel R. Brown ◽  
Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
N Starvation ◽  
Genome Scale

Bacterial adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses often involve large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome. Since nitrogen is an essential component of the bacterial cell, the transcriptional basis of the adaptive response to nitrogen starvation has been well studied. The adaptive response to N starvation in Escherichia coli is primarily a ‘scavenging response’, which results in the transcription of genes required for the transport and catabolism of nitrogenous compounds. However, recent genome-scale studies have begun to uncover and expand some of the intricate regulatory complexities that underpin the adaptive transcriptional response to nitrogen starvation in E. coli. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of these new developments.

scholarly journals YjhS (NanS) Is Required for Escherichia coli To Grow on 9-O-Acetylated N-Acetylneuraminic Acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (22) ◽  
pp. 7134-7139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Steenbergen ◽  
Jamie L. Jirik ◽  
Eric R. Vimr
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid

ABSTRACT The nanATEK-yhcH, yjhATS, and yjhBC operons in Escherichia coli are coregulated by environmental N-acetylneuraminic acid, the most prevalent sialic acid in nature. Here we show that YjhS (NanS) is a probable 9-O-acetyl N-acetylneuraminic acid esterase required for E. coli to grow on this alternative sialic acid, which is commonly found in mammalian host mucosal sites.

scholarly journals Efa-1/LifA mediates intestinal colonization of calves by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 : H– in a manner independent of glycosyltransferase and cysteine protease motifs or effects on type III secretion

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 2527-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Deacon ◽  
Francis Dziva ◽  
Pauline M. van Diemen ◽  
Gad Frankel ◽  
Mark P. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) comprise a group of animal and zoonotic pathogens of worldwide importance. Our previous research established that intestinal colonization of calves by EHEC serotypes O5 : H– and O111 : H– requires EHEC factor for adherence (Efa-1), also known as lymphostatin (LifA). Towards an understanding of the mode of action of Efa-1/LifA, chromosomal in-frame deletions of predicted glycosyltransferase (DXD) and cysteine protease (CHD) motifs were created in a Δstx1 derivative of EHEC O26 : H–. The magnitude and duration of faecal excretion of EHEC O26 : H– were significantly reduced by null mutation of efa-1/lifA, but were not impaired by ΔDXD or ΔCHD mutations, in contrast to observations made with truncated Efa-1/LifA mutants of Citrobacter rodentium in mice. Although C. rodentium Efa-1/LifA influences the induction of colonic hyperplasia in mice, EHEC O26 : H– Efa-1/LifA was not required for fluid accumulation or neutrophil recruitment in bovine ileal loops. In contrast to observations with EHEC O5 : H– or O111 : H– mutants, inactivation of efa-1/lifA in EHEC O26 : H– did not significantly affect adherence or secretion of type III secreted proteins that play pivotal roles in calf colonization. Lymphostatin activity could not be reliably demonstrated in lysates of EHEC O26 : H–; however, deletion of the glycosyltransferase and cysteine protease motifs in Efa-1/LifA from enteropathogenic E. coli O127 : H6 abolished lymphostatin activity. Our data uncouple the role of Efa-1/LifA in calf colonization from effects on type III secretion and reinforce the potential for pathotype- and serotype-specific phenotypes.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of the Transcriptional Response of the Porcine Intestinal Cell Line IPEC-J2 to EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli,Escherichia coli, andE. coliLipopolysaccharide

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa M. Geens ◽  
Theo A. Niewold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Adhesion Assay ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Cell Line

IPEC-J2, a promisingin vitromodel system, is not well characterized especially on the transcriptional level, in contrast to human counterparts. The aim of this study was to characterize the gene expression in IPEC-J2 cells when coincubated with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), nonpathogenicE. coli, andE. coliendotoxin. Apical infection of polarized IPEC-J2 monolayers caused a time-dependent decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Microarray analysis showed up-regulation of interleukins when IPEC-J2 were cocultured withE. colistrains this has so far never been measured in this cell line. Highest IL8 expression was found with the ETEC strain possessing the F4 fimbrium, suggesting IPEC-J2 cells to be F4 receptor positive, confirmed in a brush border membrane adhesion assay. It is concluded that the innate immune responses to pathogens and LPS makes the IPEC-J2 cell line a suitable model for research on intestinal host pathogen interaction.

Increased Transcription of the Phosphate-Specific Transport System of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after Exposure to Sodium Benzoate

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAITH J. CRITZER ◽  
DORIS H. D'SOUZA ◽  
ARNOLD M. SAXTON ◽  
DAVID A. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Transport ◽  
Pst System

Sodium benzoate is a widely used food antimicrobial in drinks and fruit juices. A microarray study was conducted to determine the transcriptional response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to 0.5% (wt/vol) sodium benzoate. E. coli O157:H7 grown in 150 ml of Luria-Bertani broth was exposed to 0% (control) and 0.5% sodium benzoate. Each treatment was duplicated and sampled at 0 (immediately after exposure), 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed with E. coli 2.0 Gene Chips. Significant ontology categories affected by sodium benzoate exposure were determined with JProGO software. The phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system transports inorganic phosphate into bacterial cells, under phosphate-limited conditions. The Pst system was found to be highly upregulated. Increased expression of the Pst system was observed after the short 5 min of exposure to sodium benzoate; pstS, pstA, pstB, and pstC genes were upregulated more than twofold (linear scale) at 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Increased expression of several other efflux systems, such as AcrAB-TolC, was also observed. The Pst system may act as an efflux pump under these stress-adapted conditions, as well as increase transport of phosphorus to aid in DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipid production. Understanding adaptations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under antimicrobial exposure is essential to better understand and implement methods to inhibit or control its survival in foods.

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