scholarly journals Adipokine-Modulated Immunological Homeostasis Shapes the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9564
Author(s):  
Yi-Wen Tsai ◽  
Shin-Huei Fu ◽  
Jia-Ling Dong ◽  
Ming-Wei Chien ◽  
Yu-Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Colon Diseases ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis

Inflammatory colon diseases, which are a global health concern, include a variety of gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. The pathogenesis of these colon disorders involves immune alterations with the pronounced infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into the intestines and the augmented expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. Epidemiological studies during the past half century have shown that the proportion of obese people in a population is associated with the incidence and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The advancement of understanding of the immunological basis of colon disease has shown that adipocyte-derived biologically active substances (adipokines) modulate the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the progress of intestinal inflammation. The biomedical significance in immunological homeostasis of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, apelin and resistin, is clear. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the effect and contribution of adipokines to the regulation of immunological homeostasis in inflammatory colon diseases and discuss their crucial roles in disease etiology and pathogenesis, as well as the implications of these results for new therapies in these disorders.

Immune and nonimmune components orchestrate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. G716-G722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis is driven by the interactions between the innate and the adaptive immune system. Both systems are actually expressed not only by immune cells, but also by essentially all types of nonimmune cells. Nonimmune cells have classically been considered as simple targets of the aberrant inflammatory process occurring in IBD. However, the discovery that many of the functions traditionally attributed to immune cells are also performed by nonimmune cells has caused a shift to a multidirectional hypothesis in which nonimmune cells and even acellular elements are considered active players of IBD pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current role played by each cell type in IBD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals P085 Deep profiling of the circulating immune cell landscape in inflammatory bowel disease by mass cytometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S177-S177
Author(s):  
V Horn ◽  
Z Borek ◽  
E Mantzivi ◽  
M Urbicht ◽  
D Boesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Mass Cytometry ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background A complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells maintains intestinal homeostasis. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the fragile balance between regulatory and inflammatory cell subsets breaks down. The latter are recruited to the gut where they sustain intestinal inflammation and lead to tissue destruction. Due to re-circulation and gut-homing processes, the circulating immune cell compartment experiences profound changes that reflect disease activity. Meanwhile, single-cell techniques like mass cytometry have become a powerful technology to shed a light on the heterogeneity and dynamics of immune cells. As obtaining intestinal biopsies from inflamed gut is invasive and poses patients at risk, diagnostics and therapy monitoring from ‘liquid biopsies’ would be a great advance. A deeper understanding of the circulating immune cell landscape in IBD pre- and post-treatment could significantly contribute to IBD patient management by early prediction of therapy response. Methods Whole blood from 24 IBD patients—including 16 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 6 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients before treatment—and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HDs) was incubated with proteomic stabiliser and frozen. Upon thawing, cell suspensions were Palladium barcoded, stained with a 37-marker panel and acquired on a Helios mass cytometer. The generated dataset was normalised, de-barcoded and subsequently analysed. Results Using dimensionality reduction and neural-network-based algorithms, we faithfully identified different circulating immune subsets in healthy donors and IBD patients. Our preliminary analysis revealed altered myeloid cell populations, like neutrophils and macrophages, in IBD patients. In line with an activation of the innate immune system, we observed a considerable increase in the neutrophil compartment compared with healthy donors. Moreover, patterns of marker expression within different subsets showed substantial differences between healthy donors, CD and UC patients. Conclusion Here, we show a mass cytometry panel that identifies the circulating immune cell landscape and shows major differences between healthy donors, CD and UC patients.

scholarly journals The intestinal neuro-immune axis: crosstalk between neurons, immune cells, and microbes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Jacobson ◽  
Daping Yang ◽  
Madeleine Vella ◽  
Isaac M. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating the crosstalk between gut-innervating neurons, resident immune cells, and epithelial cells at homeostasis and during infection, food allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. We introduce the neuroanatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, detailing gut-extrinsic neuron populations from the spinal cord and brain stem, and neurons of the intrinsic enteric nervous system. We highlight the roles these neurons play in regulating the functions of innate immune cells, adaptive immune cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. We discuss the consequences of such signaling for mucosal immunity. Finally, we discuss how the intestinal microbiota is integrated into the neuro-immune axis by tuning neuronal and immune interactions. Understanding the molecular events governing the intestinal neuro-immune signaling axes will enhance our knowledge of physiology and may provide novel therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Haring ◽  
Robert Zeiser ◽  
Petya Apostolova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with a particularly high mortality. GVHD development starts with the recognition of allo-antigens in the recipient by the donor immune system, which elicits immune-mediated damage of otherwise healthy tissues. IBD describes a group of immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Several aspects, including genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation, are responsible for the development of IBD, with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the two most common variants. GVHD and IBD share multiple key features of their onset and development, including intestinal tissue damage and loss of intestinal barrier function. A further common feature in the pathophysiology of both diseases is the involvement of cytokines such as type I and II interferons (IFNs), amongst others. IFNs are a family of protein mediators produced as a part of the inflammatory response, typically to pathogens or malignant cells. Diverse, and partially paradoxical, effects have been described for IFNs in GVHD and IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of type I, II and III IFNs, including basic concepts and controversies about their functions in the context of GVHD and IBD. In addition, therapeutic options, research developments and remaining open questions are addressed.

Effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation in the acetic acid-induced colitis mouse model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4143-4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Meiwei Wang ◽  
Lanmei Yin ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
Peng Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is strongly associated with intestinal immunity and the microbiome.

scholarly journals Differentiation of alimentary lymphoma from inflammatory bowel disease and the influence of breed and age on the outbreak of pathological changes in the canine gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Aneta Piplica ◽  
Marko Hohšteter ◽  
Lidija Medven Zagradišnik ◽  
Branka Artuković ◽  
Andrea Gudan Kurilj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti korisnost upotrebe imunohistokemijske metode (IHK) zajedno s histopatološkom pretragom u dijagnosticiranju i razlikovanju alimentarnog limfoma (AL) od upalne bolesti crijeva (UBC). U istraživanju su korišteni arhivski histopatološki nalazi i preparati tkiva, parafinski blokovi i stakalca. Prema pripadnosti pasmina podijelili u tri skupine malu, srednju ili veliku skupinu pasa. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost pojedinih patoloških promjena ovisno o skupini pasa, dobi i spolu. Obavljenim istraživanjem zabilježili smo da je srednja vrijednost dobi u skupini malih pasmina pasa iznosila 7,58±3,59 godina, u skupini srednjih pasmina 7,45±3,04 godina te u skupini velikih pasmina 6,58±3,47 godina. Prosječna dob pasa oboljelih od alimentarnog limfoma iznosila je 8,8 godina, za razliku od upalne bolesti crijeva gdje je iznosila 7,0 godina. Unutar sve tri skupine pasa zabilježen je veći broj jedinki muškog spola. Najveći udio biopsiranih uzoraka (70,73 %) analiziran je iz tkiva tankog crijeva; po 8 uzoraka (27,59 %) iz male skupine pasa, 11 uzoraka iz srednje skupine (37,93 %) te po 10 uzoraka iz velike skupine pasa (34,48 %). Udio biopsiranog tkiva želudca bio je nešto niži (24,39 %) dok je tkivo debelog crijeva uzorkovano u samo dva psa (4,88 %). Histopatološkom analizom utvrđeno je 16 slučajeva upalne bolesti crijeva (45,71 %), 7 slučajeva limfoma (20,00 %), 9 slučajeva suspektne upale (25,71 %) te 3 slučaja suspektne upale/limfoma (8,58 %). Nakon provedene IHK metode ustanovljeno je da je u 6 slučajeva dijagnoza donesena histopatološkom evaluacijom potvrđena, u 5 slučajeva je opovrgnuta dok je u 5 slučajeva IHK metoda bila korisna kako bi razlučili AL od UBC. Utvrđene su značajne razlike (P<0,05) između dijagnoze upalne bolesti crijeva te limfoma ustanovljene patohistološkom pretragom te imunohistokemijskom metodom. Ustanovljena je češća pojavnost T staničnog limfoma u tankom crijevu dok je pojavnost B staničnog limfoma učestalija u želudcu. Povezanost s tendencijom učinka zabilježena je između patohistološke dijagnoze i CD3 biljega (r=-0.34; P=0,08) odnosno između patohistološke dijagnoze i CD79 biljega (r=0.36; P=0,09) s nešto nižom razinom povezanosti između patohistološke dijagnoze i dijagnoze IHK (r=0.21; P=0,34). Na temelju rezultata našeg istraživanja može se zaključiti da je imunohistokemijska metoda korisna za potvrdu dijagnoze i razlikovanje alimentarnog limfoma i upalne bolesti crijeva.

Profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation reveals its role in a chronic DSS-induced colitis mouse model

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Qinglan Li ◽  
Nan Cao ◽  
Yanan Deng ◽  
Lianyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory disease of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to great advances in the treatment as well as diagnosis of IBD. In this review, we have systemically reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD and highlighted recent advances in host genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors and, especially, in abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses and their interactions, which may hold the keys to identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers and develop new therapies.

scholarly journals Ileocecal Burkitt’s Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 968-972
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mosbeh Abdelmaksoud ◽  
Maram Kheder Alshareef ◽  
Alaa Osama Jamjoom ◽  
Mohamed Tarek Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Ileocecal Region ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are rare tumors which account for about 0.9% of all gastrointestinal tract tumors. They are usually associated with inflammatory bowel disease, previous radiotherapy, and renal transplantation. We report a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving the ileocecal region in a 46-year-old gentleman who presented with acute abdominal pain that mandated emergency laparotomy.

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