scholarly journals Maize microRNA166 Inactivation Confers Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9506
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Tianxiao Yang ◽  
Zhanyong Guo ◽  
Qiusheng Wang ◽  
Mao Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity

MicroRNAs are important regulators in plant developmental processes and stress responses. In this study, we generated a series of maize STTM166 transgenic plants. Knock-down of miR166 resulted in various morphological changes, including rolled leaves, enhanced abiotic stress resistance, inferior yield-related traits, vascular pattern and epidermis structures, tassel architecture, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) level elevation and indole acetic acid (IAA) level reduction in maize. To profile miR166 regulated genes, we performed RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis. A total of 178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 118 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were strongly enriched in cell and intercellular components, cell membrane system components, oxidoreductase activity, single organism metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and oxidation reduction process. These results indicated that miR166 plays important roles in auxin and ABA interaction in monocots, yet the specific mechanism may differ from dicots. The enhanced abiotic stress resistance is partly caused via rolling leaves, high ABA content, modulated vascular structure, and the potential changes of cell membrane structure. The inferior yield-related traits and late flowering are partly controlled by the decreased IAA content, the interplay of miR166 with other miRNAs and AGOs. Taken together, the present study uncovered novel functions of miR166 in maize, and provide insights on applying short tandem target mimics (STTM) technology in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Effects of Substrate-Binding Site Residues on the Biochemical Properties of a Tau Class Glutathione S-Transferase from Oryza sativa

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jinchi Wei ◽  
Zhihai Wu ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Substrate Binding Site

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)—an especially plant-specific tau class of GSTs—are key enzymes involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To improve the stress resistance of crops via the genetic modification of GSTs, we predicted the amino acids present in the GSH binding site (G-site) and hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of OsGSTU17, a tau class GST in rice. We then examined the enzyme activity, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic stability of the mutant enzymes. Our results showed that the hydrogen bonds between Lys42, Val56, Glu68, and Ser69 of the G-site and glutathione were essential for enzyme activity and thermal stability. The hydrophobic side chains of amino acids of the H-site contributed to enzyme activity toward 4-nitrobenzyl chloride but had an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide. Different amino acids of the H-site had different effects on enzyme activity toward a different substrate, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Moreover, Leu112 and Phe162 were found to inhibit the catalytic efficiency of OsGSTU17 to 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, while Pro16, Leu112, and Trp165 contributed to structural stability. The results of this research enhance the understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of tau class GSTs to improve the abiotic stress resistance of crops.

scholarly journals Preliminary Classification of the ABC Transporter Family in Betula halophila and Expression Patterns in Response to Exogenous Phytohormones and Abiotic Stresses

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
An ◽  
Ma ◽  
Du ◽  
Yu ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Structural Domain ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Hormone Transport ◽  
Transporter Family

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprise a transport system superfamily which is ubiquitous in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In plants, ABC transporters play important roles in hormone transport and stress tolerance. In this study, 15 BhABC transporters encoded by genes identified from the transcriptome of Betula halophila were categorized into four subfamilies (ABCB, ABCF, ABCG, and ABCI) using structural domain and phylogenetic analyses. Upon B. halophila exposure to exogenous phytohormones and abiotic stressors, gene expression patterns and transcriptional responses for each subfamily of genes were obtained using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The results demonstrated that expression of most genes belonging to ABCB and ABCG subfamilies changed in response to exogenous phytohormone exposures and abiotic stress. These results suggest that BhABC genes may participate in hormone transport and that their expression may be influenced by ABA-dependent signaling pathways involved in abiotic stress responses to various stressors.

scholarly journals (456) Abiotic Stress Responses in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plants Expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana Transcriptional Activators-CBF1and CBF3

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036E-1037
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tawfik ◽  
Alejandra Ferenczi ◽  
Daniel Enter ◽  
Rebecca Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Major Factors

Abiotic stresses (e.g., salinity, drought, cold, oxidative stress) can be major factors limiting plant productivity worldwide. We sought to increase abiotic stress resistance in cucumber by expressing the A. thaliana transcription factors CBF1and CBF3, which regulate genes responsible for enhanced dehydration-stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Our previous studies in the greenhouse and field demonstrated increased salinity tolerance in CBF-expressing cucumber lines. In the current studies, we tested response of CBF-cucumber plants to drought, chilling, and oxidative stresses. Transgenic cucumber plants subjected to drought stress in the greenhouse showed elevated levels of the stress-inducible compatible solute, proline, compared to the nontransgenic controls. Preliminary results also indicate greater photochemical efficiency in CBF-expressing plants under drought stress conditions compared to the nontransgenic controls. Under nonstressed conditions, there were no significant differences in growth between the transgenic and the nontransgenic cucumber plants; however, after a cycle of drought stress, CBF-cucumber lines had less growth reduction compared to the nontransgenic counterparts. The advantage in growth was less pronounced after a second cycle of drought. We also evaluated the transgenic cucumber plants under chilling conditions (i.e., low, nonfreezing temperatures within the 0 to 12 °C range). Based on plant height and cotyledon and leaf damage measurements, transgenic cucumber seedlings did not show chilling tolerance compared to the wild-type control. The response of transgenic CBF-cucumber plants to oxidative stress using methyl viologen is also being evaluated.

scholarly journals Conserved miR396b-GRF Regulation Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses in Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Li Li ◽  
Zhuang Wen ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Xiao-Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus

MicroRNA396 (miR396) is a conserved microRNA family that targets growth-regulating factors (GRFs), which play significant roles in plant growth and stress responses. Available evidence justifies the idea that miR396-targeted GRFs have important functions in many plant species; however, no genome-wide analysis of the pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) miR396 gene has yet been reported. Further, its biological functions remain elusive. To uncover the regulatory roles of miR396 and its targets, the hairpin sequence of pitaya miR396b and the open reading frame (ORF) of its target, HpGRF6, were isolated from pitaya. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the precursor miR396b (MIR396b) gene of plants might be clustered into three major groups, and, generally, a more recent evolutionary relationship in the intra-family has been demonstrated. The sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of hpo-miR396b in HpGRF6 is located at the conserved motif which codes the conserved “RSRKPVE” amino acid in the Trp–Arg–Cys (WRC) region. In addition, degradome sequencing analysis confirmed that four GRFs (GRF1, c56908.graph_c0; GRF4, c52862.graph_c0; GRF6, c39378.graph_c0 and GRF9, c54658.graph_c0) are hpo-miR396b targets that are regulated by specific cleavage at the binding site between the 10th and 11th nucleotides from the 5′ terminus of hpo-miR396b. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that hpo-miR396b is down-regulated when confronted with drought stress (15% polyethylene glycol, PEG), and its expression fluctuates under other abiotic stresses, i.e., low temperature (4 ± 1 °C), high temperature (42 ± 1 °C), NaCl (100 mM), and abscisic acid (ABA; 0.38 mM). Conversely, the expression of HpGRF6 showed the opposite trend to exposure to these abiotic stresses. Taken together, hpo-miR396b plays a regulatory role in the control of HpGRF6, which might influence the abiotic stress response of pitaya. This is the first documentation of this role in pitaya and improves the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance to drought stress in this fruit.

scholarly journals A barley homolog of yeast ATG6 is involved in multiple abiotic stress responses and stress resistance regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zeng ◽  
Zhanghui Zeng ◽  
Cuicui Liu ◽  
Weiyi Yuan ◽  
Ning Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Abiotic-Stress-Responsive GRF Gene Family in Diploid Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Li ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
Jiahui Yan ◽  
Jianqing Chen ◽  
Qingxi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Woodland Strawberry

Growth regulatory factors (GRF) are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant resistance to stress. This gene family in strawberry has not been investigated previously. In this study, 10 GRF genes were identified in the genome of the diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Chromosome analysis showed that the 10 FvGRF genes were unevenly distributed on five chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis resolved the FvGRF proteins into five groups. Genes of similar structure were placed in the same group, which was indicative of functional redundance. Whole-genome duplication/segmental duplication and dispersed duplication events effectively promoted expansion of the strawberry GRF gene family. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis suggested that FvGRF genes played potential roles in the growth and development of vegetative organs. Expression profile analysis revealed that FvGRF3, FvGRF5, and FvGRF7 were up-regulated under low-temperature stress, FvGRF4 and FvGRF9 were up-regulated under high-temperature stress, FvGRF6 and FvGRF8 were up-regulated under drought stress, FvGRF3, FvGRF6, and FvGRF8 were up-regulated under salt stress, FvGRF2, FvGRF7, and FvGRF9 were up-regulated under salicylic acid treatment, and FvGRF3, FvGRF7, FvGRF9, and FvGRF10 were up-regulated under abscisic acid treatment. Promoter analysis indicated that FvGRF genes were involved in plant growth and development and stress response. These results provide a theoretical and empirical foundation for the elucidation of the mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in strawberry.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Response to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Juan Jin ◽  
Dingyu Fan ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Jianxin Niu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Heat stress (HS) is a common stress influencing the growth and reproduction of plant species. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an economically important tree with strong abiotic stress resistance, but the molecular mechanism of its response to HS remains elusive. In this study, we subjected seedlings of Z. jujuba cultivar “Hqing1-HR” to HS (45°C) for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively, and collected the leaf samples (HR0, HR1, HR3, HR5, and HR7) accordingly. Fifteen cDNA libraries from leaves were constructed for transcriptomics assays. RNA sequencing and transcriptomics identified 1,642, 4,080, 5,160, and 2,119 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of HR1 vs. HR0, HR3 vs. HR0, HR5 vs. HR0, and HR7 vs. HR0, respectively. Gene ontology analyses of the DEGs from these comparisons revealed enrichment in a series of biological processes involved in stress responses, photosynthesis, and metabolism, suggesting that lowering or upregulating expression of these genes might play important roles in the response to HS. This study contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of jujube response to HS and will be beneficial for developing jujube cultivars with improved heat resistance.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis Provide Basis to the Biological Function of Cotton FBA Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Qing Li ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
He Li ◽  
Ting-Ting Su ◽  
Cheng-Gong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a multifunctional enzyme in plants, which participates in the process of Calvin-Benson cycle, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Despite the importance of FBA genes in regulating plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses, little is known about their roles in cotton. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of FBAs in Gossypium hirsutum. Totally seventeen GhFBA genes were identified. According to the analysis of functional domain, phylogenetic relationship, and gene structure, GhFBA genes were classified into two subgroups. Furthermore, nine GhFBAs were predicted to be in chloroplast and eight were located in cytoplasm. Moreover, the promoter prediction showed a variety of abiotic stresses and phytohormone related cis-acting elements exist in the 2k up-stream region of GhFBA. And the evolutionary characteristics of cotton FBA genes were clearly presented by synteny analysis. Moreover, the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of GhFBAs were related to the tissue distribution, and further analysis suggested that GhFBAs could respond to various abiotic stress and phytohormonal treatments. Overall, our systematic analysis of GhFBA genes would not only provide a basis for the understanding of the evolution of GhFBAs, but also found a foundation for the further function analysis of GhFBAs to improve cotton yield and environmental adaptability.

scholarly journals Proteomic Insight into the Symbiotic Relationship of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Suillus luteus towards Developing Al-Stress Resistance

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Haiyan Liu ◽  
Houying Chen ◽  
Guijie Ding ◽  
Kuaifen Li ◽  
Yao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

Global warming significantly impacts forest range areas by increasing soil acidification or aluminum toxicity. Aluminum (Al) toxicity retards plant growth by inhibiting the root development process, hindering water uptake, and limiting the bioavailability of other essential micronutrients. Pinus massoniana (masson pine), globally recognized as a reforestation plant, is resistant to stress conditions including biotic and abiotic stresses. This resistance is linked to the symbiotic relationship with diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic regulators as expressed proteins, conferring a symbiotic relationship between Al-stress resistance and Suillus luteus in masson pine. Multi-treatment trials resulted in the identification of 12 core Al-stress responsive proteins conserved between Al stress conditions with or without S. luteus inoculation. These proteins are involved in chaperonin CPN60-2, protein refolding and ATP-binding, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase precursor, oxidation-reduction process, and metal ion binding, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glycolytic process, and metabolic process. Furthermore, 198 Al responsive proteins were identified specifically under S. luteus-inoculation and are involved in gene regulation, metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, hydrolase activity, and peptide activity. Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, endoglucanase, putative spermidine synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, and glutathione-S-transferase were found with a significant positive expression under a combined Al and S. luteus treatment, further supported by the up-regulation of their corresponding genes. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploiting the regulatory role of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and associated genetic changes in resistance against Al stress in masson pine.

scholarly journals Metabolomics-Guided Elucidation of Plant Abiotic Stress Responses in the 4IR Era: An Overview

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Morena M. Tinte ◽  
Kekeletso H. Chele ◽  
Justin J. J. van der Hooft ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computational Tools

Plants are constantly challenged by changing environmental conditions that include abiotic stresses. These are limiting their development and productivity and are subsequently threatening our food security, especially when considering the pressure of the increasing global population. Thus, there is an urgent need for the next generation of crops with high productivity and resilience to climate change. The dawn of a new era characterized by the emergence of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies has redefined the ideological boundaries of research and applications in plant sciences. Recent technological advances and machine learning (ML)-based computational tools and omics data analysis approaches are allowing scientists to derive comprehensive metabolic descriptions and models for the target plant species under specific conditions. Such accurate metabolic descriptions are imperatively essential for devising a roadmap for the next generation of crops that are resilient to environmental deterioration. By synthesizing the recent literature and collating data on metabolomics studies on plant responses to abiotic stresses, in the context of the 4IR era, we point out the opportunities and challenges offered by omics science, analytical intelligence, computational tools and big data analytics. Specifically, we highlight technological advancements in (plant) metabolomics workflows and the use of machine learning and computational tools to decipher the dynamics in the chemical space that define plant responses to abiotic stress conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document